메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 273, Issue 1585, 2006, Pages 503-511

The brainstem reticular formation is a small-world, not scale-free, network

Author keywords

Computational neuroanatomy; Networks; Reticular formation; Scale free; Small world

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; COMPUTER SIMULATION; NEMATODE; NERVOUS SYSTEM; PRIMATE; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 33646689571     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3354     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (527)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 0036013593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical mechanics of complex networks
    • doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.74. 47
    • Albert, R. & Barabasi, A.-L. 2002 Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 47-97. (doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.74. 47)
    • (2002) Rev. Mod. Phys , vol.74 , pp. 47-97
    • Albert, R.1    Barabasi, A.-L.2
  • 3
    • 0033572828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascoli, G. 1999 Progress and perspectives in computational neuroanatomy. Anat. Rec. 257, 195-207. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19991215) 257:6!195::AID-AR5O3.0.CO;2-H)
    • Ascoli, G. 1999 Progress and perspectives in computational neuroanatomy. Anat. Rec. 257, 195-207. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19991215) 257:6!195::AID-AR5O3.0.CO;2-H)
  • 4
    • 0038483826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of scaling in random networks
    • doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.509
    • Barabasi, A.-L. & Albert, R. 1999 Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286, 509-512. (doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.509)
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 509-512
    • Barabasi, A.-L.1    Albert, R.2
  • 5
    • 0027191166 scopus 로고
    • Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage
    • Bourgeois, J. P. & Rakic, P. 1993 Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. J. Neurosci. 13, 2801-2820.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 2801-2820
    • Bourgeois, J.P.1    Rakic, P.2
  • 6
    • 0014704496 scopus 로고
    • The gigantocellular reticular region and its spinal afferents: A light and electron microscope study in the cat
    • Bowsher, D. & Westman, J. 1970 The gigantocellular reticular region and its spinal afferents: a light and electron microscope study in the cat. J. Anat. 106, 23-36.
    • (1970) J. Anat , vol.106 , pp. 23-36
    • Bowsher, D.1    Westman, J.2
  • 7
    • 0016657149 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem substrates of sensory information processing and adaptive behavior
    • Buchwald, J. S. 1975 Brainstem substrates of sensory information processing and adaptive behavior. UCLA Forum Med. Sci. 18, 315-333.
    • (1975) UCLA Forum Med. Sci , vol.18 , pp. 315-333
    • Buchwald, J.S.1
  • 8
    • 0038441337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel auditory pathways: Projection patterns of the different neuronal populations in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
    • doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(03)00050-9
    • Cant, N. B. & Benson, C. G. 2003 Parallel auditory pathways: projection patterns of the different neuronal populations in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei. Brain Res. Bull. 60, 457-474. (doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(03)00050-9)
    • (2003) Brain Res. Bull , vol.60 , pp. 457-474
    • Cant, N.B.1    Benson, C.G.2
  • 9
    • 0032185582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic pruning in development: A computational account
    • doi:10.1162/089976698300017124
    • Chechik, G., Meilijson, I. & Ruppin, E. 1998 Synaptic pruning in development: a computational account. Neural Comput. 10, 1759-1777. (doi:10.1162/089976698300017124)
    • (1998) Neural Comput , vol.10 , pp. 1759-1777
    • Chechik, G.1    Meilijson, I.2    Ruppin, E.3
  • 10
    • 0028230439 scopus 로고
    • Component placement optimization in the brain
    • Cherniak, C. 1994 Component placement optimization in the brain. J. Neurosci. 14, 2418-2427.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 2418-2427
    • Cherniak, C.1
  • 11
    • 0023182601 scopus 로고
    • Reticulo-spinal neurons participating in the control of synergic eye and head movements during orienting in the cat. II. Morphological properties as revealed by intra-axonal injections of horseradish peroxidase
    • Grantyn, A., Ong-Meang Jacques, V. & Berthoz, A. 1987 Reticulo-spinal neurons participating in the control of synergic eye and head movements during orienting in the cat. II. Morphological properties as revealed by intra-axonal injections of horseradish peroxidase. Exp. Brain Res. 66, 355-377.
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res , vol.66 , pp. 355-377
    • Grantyn, A.1    Ong-Meang Jacques, V.2    Berthoz, A.3
  • 12
    • 0019556760 scopus 로고
    • Development of the brain stem reticular core: An assessment of dendritic state and configuration in the perinatal rat
    • doi:10.1016/0165-3806(81)90106-1
    • Hammer, R. P. J., Lindsay, R. D. & Scheibel, A. B. 1981 Development of the brain stem reticular core: an assessment of dendritic state and configuration in the perinatal rat. Dev. Brain Res. 1, 179-190. (doi:10.1016/0165-3806(81)90106-1)
    • (1981) Dev. Brain Res , vol.1 , pp. 179-190
    • Hammer, R.P.J.1    Lindsay, R.D.2    Scheibel, A.B.3
  • 13
    • 0030031557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA-induced responses in electrophysiologically characterized neurons within the rat rostro-ventrolateral medulla in vitro
    • doi:10.1016/0006- 8993(95)01238-9
    • Hayar, A., Piguet, P. & Feltz, P. 1996 GABA-induced responses in electrophysiologically characterized neurons within the rat rostro-ventrolateral medulla in vitro. Brain Res. 709, 173-183. (doi:10.1016/0006- 8993(95)01238-9)
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.709 , pp. 173-183
    • Hayar, A.1    Piguet, P.2    Feltz, P.3
  • 14
    • 0034133757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of the local connectivity between pyramidal neurons in layers 2/3 of the rat visual cortex
    • Hellwig, B. 2000 A quantitative analysis of the local connectivity between pyramidal neurons in layers 2/3 of the rat visual cortex. Biol. Cybern. 82, 111-121.
    • (2000) Biol. Cybern , vol.82 , pp. 111-121
    • Hellwig, B.1
  • 15
    • 0034728146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical connectivity defines the organization of clusters of cortical areas in the macaque monkey and the cat
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0551
    • Hilgetag, C. C., Burns, G. A., O'Neill, M. A., Scannell, J.W. & Young, M. P. 2000 Anatomical connectivity defines the organization of clusters of cortical areas in the macaque monkey and the cat. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 355, 91-110. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0551)
    • (2000) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.355 , pp. 91-110
    • Hilgetag, C.C.1    Burns, G.A.2    O'Neill, M.A.3    Scannell, J.W.4    Young, M.P.5
  • 16
    • 0028171924 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cholinergic, GABAergic and serotonergic neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation and their projections studied by cytotoxic lesions in the cat
    • doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90351- 4
    • Holmes, C. J., Mainville, L. S. & Jones, B. E. 1994 Distribution of cholinergic, GABAergic and serotonergic neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation and their projections studied by cytotoxic lesions in the cat. Neuroscience 62, 1155-1178. (doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90351- 4)
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.62 , pp. 1155-1178
    • Holmes, C.J.1    Mainville, L.S.2    Jones, B.E.3
  • 17
    • 33749664343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action selection in a macroscopic model of the brainstem reticular formation
    • ed. J. J. Bryson, T. J. Prescott & A. K. Seth, pp, Brighton, UK: AISB Press
    • Humphries, M. D., Gurney, K. & Prescott, T. J. 2005a Action selection in a macroscopic model of the brainstem reticular formation. In Modelling natural action selection (ed. J. J. Bryson, T. J. Prescott & A. K. Seth), pp. 61-68. Brighton, UK: AISB Press.
    • (2005) Modelling natural action selection , pp. 61-68
    • Humphries, M.D.1    Gurney, K.2    Prescott, T.J.3
  • 18
    • 21344438868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there an integrative center in the vertebrate brainstem? A robotic evaluation of a model of the reticular formation viewed as an action selection device
    • doi:10.1177/105971230501300203
    • Humphries, M. D., Gurney, K. & Prescott, T. J. 2005b Is there an integrative center in the vertebrate brainstem? A robotic evaluation of a model of the reticular formation viewed as an action selection device. Adapt. Behav. 13, 97-113. (doi:10.1177/105971230501300203)
    • (2005) Adapt. Behav , vol.13 , pp. 97-113
    • Humphries, M.D.1    Gurney, K.2    Prescott, T.J.3
  • 19
    • 0023216525 scopus 로고
    • Physiological studies of brainstem reticular connectivity. I. Responses of mPRF neurons to stimulation of bulbar reticular formation
    • doi:10.1016/0006- 8993(87)90745-1
    • Ito, K. & McCarley, R. W. 1987 Physiological studies of brainstem reticular connectivity. I. Responses of mPRF neurons to stimulation of bulbar reticular formation. Brain Res. 409, 97-110. (doi:10.1016/0006- 8993(87)90745-1)
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.409 , pp. 97-110
    • Ito, K.1    McCarley, R.W.2
  • 20
    • 0000809524 scopus 로고
    • Reticular formation: Cytoarchitecture, transmitters, and projections
    • ed. G. Paxinos 2nd edn, pp, New York: Academic Press
    • Jones, B. E. 1995 Reticular formation: cytoarchitecture, transmitters, and projections. In The rat nervous system (ed. G. Paxinos) 2nd edn, pp. 155-171. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1995) The rat nervous system , pp. 155-171
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 21
    • 0026003051 scopus 로고
    • GABA-synthesizing neurons in the medulla: Their relationship to serotonin-containing and spinally projecting neurons in the rat
    • doi:10.1002/cne.903130210
    • Jones, B. E., Holmes, C. J., Rodriguez-Veiga, E. & Mainville, L. 1991 GABA-synthesizing neurons in the medulla: their relationship to serotonin-containing and spinally projecting neurons in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 313, 349-367. (doi:10.1002/cne.903130210)
    • (1991) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.313 , pp. 349-367
    • Jones, B.E.1    Holmes, C.J.2    Rodriguez-Veiga, E.3    Mainville, L.4
  • 22
    • 0035896665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal wiring principle and plateaus in the degree of separation for cortical neurons
    • doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3674
    • Karbowski, J. 2001 Optimal wiring principle and plateaus in the degree of separation for cortical neurons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3674-3677. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3674)
    • (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.86 , pp. 3674-3677
    • Karbowski, J.1
  • 24
    • 0032815196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical loops and their electrical dynamics in relation to whisking by rat
    • doi:10.1080/08990229970528
    • Kleinfeld, D., Berg, R. W. & O'Connor, S. M. 1999 Anatomical loops and their electrical dynamics in relation to whisking by rat. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 16, 69-88. (doi:10.1080/08990229970528)
    • (1999) Somatosens. Mot. Res , vol.16 , pp. 69-88
    • Kleinfeld, D.1    Berg, R.W.2    O'Connor, S.M.3
  • 25
    • 0034688893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast response and temporal coherent oscillations in small-world networks
    • doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2758
    • Lago-Fernandez, L. F., Huerta, R., Corbacho, F. & Siguenza, J. A. 2000 Fast response and temporal coherent oscillations in small-world networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2758-2761. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2758)
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.84 , pp. 2758-2761
    • Lago-Fernandez, L.F.1    Huerta, R.2    Corbacho, F.3    Siguenza, J.A.4
  • 26
    • 0141645490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication in neuronal networks
    • doi:10.1126/science.1089662
    • Laughlin, S. B. & Sejnowski, T. J. 2003 Communication in neuronal networks. Science 301, 1870-1874. (doi:10.1126/science.1089662)
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 1870-1874
    • Laughlin, S.B.1    Sejnowski, T.J.2
  • 27
    • 2442665339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of a neural network model with small-world connections
    • Li, C. & Chen, G. 2003 Stability of a neural network model with small-world connections. Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 68, 052901.
    • (2003) Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys , vol.68 , pp. 052901
    • Li, C.1    Chen, G.2
  • 28
    • 0024418484 scopus 로고
    • Axonal trajectories and terminations of on- and off-cells in the cat lower brainstem
    • doi:10.1002/cne.902880202
    • Mason, P. & Fields, H. L. 1989 Axonal trajectories and terminations of on- and off-cells in the cat lower brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 288, 185-207. (doi:10.1002/cne.902880202)
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.288 , pp. 185-207
    • Mason, P.1    Fields, H.L.2
  • 29
    • 2942731581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and local synchrony of coupled neurons in small-world networks
    • doi:10.1007/s00422-004-0471-9
    • Masuda, N. & Aihara, K. 2004 Global and local synchrony of coupled neurons in small-world networks. Biol. Cybern. 90, 302-309. (doi:10.1007/s00422-004-0471-9)
    • (2004) Biol. Cybern , vol.90 , pp. 302-309
    • Masuda, N.1    Aihara, K.2
  • 30
    • 0036353494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small world patterns in food webs
    • doi:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2460
    • Montoya, J. M. & Sole, R. V. 2002 Small world patterns in food webs. J. Theor. Biol. 214, 405-412. (doi:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2460)
    • (2002) J. Theor. Biol , vol.214 , pp. 405-412
    • Montoya, J.M.1    Sole, R.V.2
  • 31
    • 3042528272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative memory on a small-world neural network
    • doi:10.1140/epjb/e2004-00144-7
    • Morelli, L. G., Abramson, G. & Kuperman, M. N. 2004 Associative memory on a small-world neural network. Eur. Phys. J. B 38, 495-500. (doi:10.1140/epjb/e2004-00144-7)
    • (2004) Eur. Phys. J. B , vol.38 , pp. 495-500
    • Morelli, L.G.1    Abramson, G.2    Kuperman, M.N.3
  • 33
    • 0022374134 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing rat brainstem reticulospinal nuclei by their neuronal morphology. II. Pontine and mesencephalic nuclei
    • Newman, D. B. 1985 Distinguishing rat brainstem reticulospinal nuclei by their neuronal morphology. II. Pontine and mesencephalic nuclei. J. Hirnforsch. 26, 385-418.
    • (1985) J. Hirnforsch , vol.26 , pp. 385-418
    • Newman, D.B.1
  • 34
    • 3042558271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-sustained activity in a small-world network of excitable neurons
    • doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.198101
    • Roxin, A., Riecke, H. & Solla, S. A. 2004 Self-sustained activity in a small-world network of excitable neurons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 19 801. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.198101)
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.92 , pp. 19-801
    • Roxin, A.1    Riecke, H.2    Solla, S.A.3
  • 35
    • 0019301937 scopus 로고
    • Dorsal column input into the reticular formation
    • doi:10.1038/288481a0
    • Salibi, N. A., Saade, N. E., Banna, N. R. & Jabbur, S. J. 1980 Dorsal column input into the reticular formation. Nature 288, 481-483. (doi:10.1038/288481a0)
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 481-483
    • Salibi, N.A.1    Saade, N.E.2    Banna, N.R.3    Jabbur, S.J.4
  • 36
    • 0001232047 scopus 로고
    • The brainstem reticular core and sensory function
    • ed. J. M. Brookhart & V. B. Mountcastle, Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society
    • Scheibel, A. B. 1984 The brainstem reticular core and sensory function. In Handbook of physiology. Section 1: the nervous system (ed. J. M. Brookhart & V. B. Mountcastle). Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.
    • (1984) Handbook of physiology. Section 1: The nervous system
    • Scheibel, A.B.1
  • 37
    • 0039064661 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical basis of attention mechanisms in vertebrate brains
    • ed. G. C. Quarton, T. Melnechuk & F. O. Schmitt, pp, New York: The Rockefeller University Press
    • Scheibel, M. E. & Scheibel, A. B. 1967 Anatomical basis of attention mechanisms in vertebrate brains. In The neurosciences, a study program (ed. G. C. Quarton, T. Melnechuk & F. O. Schmitt), pp. 577-602. New York: The Rockefeller University Press.
    • (1967) The neurosciences, a study program , pp. 577-602
    • Scheibel, M.E.1    Scheibel, A.B.2
  • 38
    • 0002234129 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral functions of the reticular formation
    • doi:10.1016/0165-0173(79)90017-1
    • Siegel, J. M. 1979 Behavioral functions of the reticular formation. Brain Res. Rev. 1, 69-105. (doi:10.1016/0165-0173(79)90017-1)
    • (1979) Brain Res. Rev , vol.1 , pp. 69-105
    • Siegel, J.M.1
  • 39
    • 0037145093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical neuroanatomy and the connectivity of the cerebral cortex
    • doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00157-2
    • Sporns, O., Tononi, G. & Edelman, G. M. 2002 Theoretical neuroanatomy and the connectivity of the cerebral cortex. Behav. Brain Res. 135, 69-74. (doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00157-2)
    • (2002) Behav. Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 69-74
    • Sporns, O.1    Tononi, G.2    Edelman, G.M.3
  • 40
    • 0032482432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks
    • doi:10.1038/30918
    • Watts, D. J. & Strogatz, S. H. 1998 Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks. Nature 393, 440-442. (doi:10.1038/30918)
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 440-442
    • Watts, D.J.1    Strogatz, S.H.2
  • 41
    • 0031909018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of somatic and visceral inputs by the brainstem: Functional considerations
    • doi:10.1007/s002210050342
    • Yates, B. J. & Stocker, S. D. 1998 Integration of somatic and visceral inputs by the brainstem: functional considerations. Exp. Brain Res. 119, 269-275. (doi:10.1007/s002210050342)
    • (1998) Exp. Brain Res , vol.119 , pp. 269-275
    • Yates, B.J.1    Stocker, S.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.