Evaluation of three different specimen types (serum, plasma lithium heparin and serum gel separator) for analysis of certain analytes: Clinical significance of differences in results and efficiency in use

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 662-668

  O'Keane, Myra P ^a   Cunningham, Sean K ^a  

^a ST VINCENT S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Analytes; Clinical significance; Specimen types; Stability studies; Statistical significance

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CHLORIDE; CHOLESTEROL; CREATININE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PHENYTOIN; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UREA;

ARTICLE; CELL FREE SYSTEM; CENTRIFUGATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DRUG STABILITY; EVALUATION; HUMAN; LIPID ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENT; PLASMA LITHIUM HEPARIN TUBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SERUM GEL SEPARATOR; SERUM TUBE; STORAGE TEMPERATURE; TUBE; URINE LEVEL;

BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION; CELL-FREE SYSTEM; CHEMISTRY, CLINICAL; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EVALUATION STUDIES; HEPARIN; HUMANS; LITHIUM; PHENYTOIN; PLASMA; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 33646675352     PISSN: 14346621     EISSN: 14346621     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2006.099     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Boyanton BL, Blick K. Stability studies of twenty-four analytes in human plasma and serum. Clin Chem 2002;48:2242-7.
2. Laessig RH, Indriksons AA, Hassemer DJ, Paskey TA, Schwartz TH. Changes in serum chemical values as a result of prolonged contact with the clot. Am J Clin Pathol 1976;66:598-604.
3. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 1994.
4. Smith JC, Lewis S, Holbrook J, Rose A. Effect of heparin and citrate on measured concentrations of various analytes in plasma. Clin Chem 1987;33:814-6.
5. Ladenson JH, Tsai L-M, Michael JM, Kessler G, Heinz Joist J. Serum versus heparinized plasma for eighteen common chemistry tests - is serum the appropriate specimen? Am J Clin Pathol 1974;62:545-52.
6. Lum G, Gambino R. A comparison of serum versus heparinized plasma for routine chemistry tests. Am J Clin Pathol 1974;61:108-13.
7. Naito HK. Problems associated with lipid and lipoprotein analyses. In: Widhalm K, Naito HK, editors. Detection and treatment of lipid and lipoprotein disorders of childhood. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1985.
8. Rifai N, Russell Warnick G, Dominiczak MH. Handbook of lipoprotein testing. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 1997.
9. NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program. Third Report of the Expert Panel on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (NCEP ATP III) executive summary. J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2486-97.
10. Karppi J, Akerman KK, Parviainen M. Suitability of collection tubes with separator gels for collecting and storing blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Chem Lab Med 2000;38:313-20.
11. Anderson NR, Gama R. Stability of intact parathyroid hormone in blood samples. Ann Clin Biochem 2001;38:288.
12. Quattrocchi F, Karnes HT, Robinson JD, Hendeles L. Effect of serum separator blood collection tubes on drug concentrations. Ther Drug Monit 1983;5:359-62.
13. Anderson NR, Chatha K, Holland MR, Gama R. Effect of sample tube type and time to separation on in vitro levels of C-reactive protein. Br J Biomed Sc 2003;60:164-5.
14. Bailey DN, Coffee JJ, Briggs JR. Stability of drug concentrations in plasma stored in serum separator blood collection tubes. Ther Drug Monit 1988;10:352-4.
15. Devine JE. An assessment of Corvac blood collection tube for drug specimens processing. Clin Chem 1984;30:1034.
16. Parish RC, Alexander T. Stability of phenytoin in blood collected in vacuum blood collection tubes. Ther Drug Monit 1990;12:85-9.
17. Cai WM, Leader WG, Porter WH, Chandler MH. Influence of serum separator tubes on total and free phenytoin concentrations and dosages. Ther Drug Monit 1993;15:427-30.
18. Dasgupta A, Dean R, Saldana S, Kinnaman G, McLawhon RW. Absorption of therapeutic drugs by barrier gels in serum separator blood collection tubes: volume- and time-dependent reductions in total and free drug concentrations. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;101:456-61.
19. Dasgupta A, Blackwell W, Bard D. Stability of therapeutic drug measurement in specimens collected in Vacutainer plastic blood collection tubes. Ther Drug Monit 1996;18:306-9.
20. Fitzsimmons WE, Garnett WR. Effect of serum separator tubes on phenytoin concentration. Clin Pharm 1986;5:923-5.
21. Koch TR, Platoff G. Stability of collection tubes with separator gels for therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 1990;2:277-80.
22. Heins M, Heil W, Withold W. Storage of serum or whole blood samples? Effects of time and temperature on 22 analytes. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1995;33:231-8.
23. Doumas BT, Hause LL, Simuncak DM, Breitemfeld D. Differences between values for plasma and serum in tests performed in the Ektachem 700 XR Analyzer, and evaluation of "Plasma Separator Tubes (PST)". Clin Chem 1989;35:151-3.
24. Faulkner AM, Lukes-Hall AM, White GW. Evaluation of the Griener plasma separator blood tube. Ann Clin Biochem 1990;27:386-7.
25. Madira WH, Wilcox AH, Barron JL. Storage of plasma in primary plasma separator tubes. Ann Clin Biochem 1993;30:213-4.
26. Dufour DR. Sources and control of preanalytical variation. In: Kaplan LA, Pesce JA, editors. Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis, and correlation, 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1996.
27. Hira K, Ohtani Y, Rahman M, Noguchi Y, Shimbo T, Fuki T. Pseudohyperkalaemia caused by recentrifugation of blood samples after storage in gel separator tubes. Ann Clin Biochem 2001;38:386-90.
28. Jones R, Payne B. Clinical investigations and statistics in laboratory medicine. London: ACB Venture Publications, 1997.
29. Canover WJ. Practical nonparametric statistics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
30. Hyltoft Petersen P, Ricos C, Stockl D, Libeer JC, Baadenhuijsen H, Fraser C, et al. Proposed guidelines for the internal quality control of analytical results in the medical laboratory. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996;34:983-99.
31. Hyltoft Petersen P, Fraser CG, Jorgensen L, Brandslund I, Stahl M, Gowans EM, et al. Combination of analytical quality specifications boased on biological within- and between-subject variation. Ann Clin Biochem 2002;39:543-50.
32. Herr RD, Swanson T. Serum bicarbonate declines with sample size in Vacutainer tubes. Am J Clin Pathol 1992;97:213-6.
33. Lowe RA, Arst HF, Ellis BK. Rational ordering of electrolytes in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:16-20.
34. 2 determined by automation to estimate the plasma bicarbonate. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1987;47:61-7.
35. Mill CD. Macrophage arginine metabolism to ornithine/urea or nitric oxide/citrulline: a life or death issue. Crit Rev Immunol 2001;21:399-425.
36. Bush V, Blennerhasset J, Wells A, Dasgupta A. Stability of therapeutic drugs in serum collected in Vacutainer serum separator tubes containing a new gel (SST 11). Ther Drug Monit 2001;23:259-62.
37. Dasgupta A, Wells A, Bush V. Stability of therapeutic drugs on serum separator tubes from BD containing a new gel formulation. Ther Drug Monit 1999;21:428.
38. Hanok A, Kuo J. The stability of reconstituted serum for the assay of 15 chemical constituents. Clin Chem 1968;14:58-69.