Structural integrity of aging buried pipelines having cathodic protection

Engineering Failure Analysis

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1159-1176

  Shipilov, Sergei A ^a   Le May, Iain ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b Metallurgical Consulting Services Ltd   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cathodic protection; Corrosion fatigue; Hydrogen assisted cracking; Pipeline failures; Stress corrosion cracking

Indexed keywords

AGING OF MATERIALS; CARBON STEEL; CORROSION FATIGUE; DEGRADATION; NATURAL GAS PIPELINES;

HYDROGEN-ASSISTED CRACKING; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING;

CATHODIC PROTECTION;

AGING OF MATERIALS; CARBON STEEL; CATHODIC PROTECTION; CORROSION FATIGUE; DEGRADATION; NATURAL GAS PIPELINES;

EID: 33646572883     PISSN: 13506307     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.07.008     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Hopkins P. Transmission pipelines: how to improve their integrity and prevent failures. In: Denys R. (Ed). Pipeline technology. Proceedings of the 2nd international pipeline technology conference vol. 1 (1995), Elsevier, Amsterdam 683-706
2. Stress corrosion cracking on Canadian oil and gas pipelines. Report of the inquiry, National Energy Board, MH-2-95, Calgary, November 1996.
3. Shipilov S.A. Technol Law Insur 1 (1996) 131-142
4. Wenk RL. Field investigation of stress-corrosion cracking. In: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on line pipe research. No. L30174. Arlington: AGA; 1974. p. T1-T22.
5. Le May I, Justice JT, Jamieson RM. Fracture prevention in pipelines. In: Le May I, Monteiro SN, editors. Fracture prevention in energy and transport systems, vol. 1. Cradley Heath: Engineering Materials Advisory Services; 1984. p. 13-24.
6. Martinez F.H., and Stafford S.W. Pipe Line Ind 77 7 (1994) 29-37
7. Ashworth B., and Uzelac N. Oil Gas J 99 18 (2001) 64-71
8. Marr J.E., Hardy S.B., and Huuskonen E. SCC integrity management - liquid and gas pipeline systems (2003), Marr Associates, Calgary
9. Vosikovsky O. J Eng Mater Technol, Trans ASME 97H (1975) 298-304
10. Lorenz PM. Compatibility of tankage materials with liquid propellants. Technical Report AFML-TR-69-99. Air Force Materials Laboratory, Ohio, May 1969.
11. Final Staff Report on Investigation of Tennessee Gas Transmission Company Pipeline No. 100-1 Near Natchitoches, Louisiana, March 4, 1965. Docket No. CP65-267. Federal Power Commission, Bureau of Natural Gas, Washington, DC, August 12, 1965.
12. Vrable J. Mater Protect Perform 11 10 (1972) 23-27
13. Townsend H.E. Mater Protect Perform 11 10 (1972) 33-37
14. Parkins R.N. Conceptual understanding and life prediction for SCC of pipelines. Proceedings of the CORROSION/96: Research topical symposia (1996), NACE International, Houston 1-49
15. Kentish P.J. Brit Corros J 20 (1985) 139-145
16. Hussain K., Shaukat A., and Hassan F. Mater Perform 28 2 (1989) 13-15
17. Antonov V.G., Baldin A.V., Galiullin Z.T., Grigorev P.A., Krivoshchanova E.M., Matvienko A.F., et al. The study of the conditions and causes of stress corrosion cracking in gas transmission pipelines (1991), VNIIEgazprom, Moscow
18. Punter A., Fikkers A.T., and Vanstaen G. Hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking of the R.A.P.L. oil transmission pipeline as a result of the combined effect of cathodic protection and plastic deformation. In: Tiratsoo J. (Ed). Proceedings of the 9th international pipe protection conference (1991), Elsevier, London 257-269
19. Polyakov V.N., and Kharionovsky V.V. Statistics of transmission pipeline fractures. In: Rossmanith H.P. (Ed). Structural failure, product liability and technical insurance (1996), E&FN Spon, London 353-361
20. Kharionovsky V.V., and Tcherni V.P. Stress and strain state of a gas pipeline in conditions of stress-corrosion. In: Yoon M., Mensik M., and Mohitpour M. (Eds). Proceedings of the international pipeline conference vol. 1 (1996), ASME, New York 479-483
21. NEB unveils pipeline SCC study results. Oil Gas J 1997;95(1):25.
22. Arrigoni B., and Sinigaglia E. Transverse stress corrosion cracking in a landslide area. Proceedings of the 11th biennial PRCI-EPRG joint technical meeting (1997), AGA, Arlington
23. Steklov O.I. Protect Metals 35 (1999) 305-309
24. Otegui J.L., Rivas A., Manfredi C., and Martins C. Eng Fail Anal 8 (2001) 57-73
25. Big spill reported in Komi region of Russian Arctic. Oil Gas J 1994;92(44):23.
26. No large area of pollution seen likely from Russia's Komi oil. Oil Gas J 1995;93(28):33.
27. The CEPA report on circumferential stress corrosion cracking. Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA), Calgary: CEPA; 1997.
28. 1994 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P94H0003. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 1995.
29. 1996 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P96H0012. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 1999.
30. Canada's NEB plans to probe pipeline leaks. Oil Gas J 1995;93(38):35.
31. Stress corrosion cracking on pipelines. Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. Information Letter IL 98-6; 1998.
32. CEPA stress corrosion cracking recommended practices - addendum on circumferential SCC. Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA), Calgary: CEPA; 2002.
33. Metodika otsenki uscherba ot otkazov obektov magistralnogo nefteprovoda. RD-39-30-107-78. Ufa: VNIISPTneft; 1979. p. 22-5.
34. Justice RH, Mackenzie JD. Progress in the control of stress corrosion cracking in a 914-mm OD gas transmission pipeline. In: Proceedings of the NG-19/EPRG 7th biennial joint technical meeting on line pipe research. AGA's Pipeline Research Committee. Arlington: AGA; 1988 [paper no. 28].
35. Delanty B., and O'Beirne J. Oil Gas J 90 24 (1992) 39-44
36. Krishnamurthy R.M., MacDonald R.W., and Marreck P.M. Stress corrosion cracking of a liquid transmission line. In: Yoon M., Mensik M., and Mohitpour M. (Eds). Proceedings of the international pipeline conference vol. 1 (1996), ASME, New York 495-499
37. 1995 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P95H0036. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 1997.
38. Miller S.E., Gardiner M.A., and Ward C.R. Oil Gas J 96 39 (1998) 90-95
39. 1996 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P96H0008. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 1999.
40. Carroll L.B., and Madi M.S. Oil Gas J 99 19 (2001) 54-56
41. 2000 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P00H0037. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 2001.
42. Veazey M.V. Mater Perform 19 9 (2001) 19-20
43. 1999 pipeline investigation report. Report No. P99H0021. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Hull; 2002.
44. Wang J., and Atrens A. Eng Fail Anal 11 (2004) 3-18
45. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Workshop. Office of Pipeline Safety. US Department of Transportation, December 2003. Available from: http://primis.rspa.dot.gov/gasimp/mtg_120203.htm.
46. Zhigletsova S.K., Rodin V.B., Rudavin V.V., Rasulova G.E., Alexandrova N.A., Polomina G.M., and Kholodenko V.P. Change of physicochemical parameters of soils near to stress-corrosion defects of gas pipelines. In: Shipilov S.A., Jones R.H., Rebak R.B., and Olive J.-M. (Eds). Environment-induced cracking: prediction, industrial developments and evaluation (2005), Elsevier, Oxford
47. Heidersbach R.H. Cathodic protection. Metals handbook. 9th ed. Corrosion vol. 13 (1998), ASM International, Materials Park p. 466-77
48. Shipilov S.A. Critical assessment of the role of cathodic protection in pipeline integrity and reliability. In: Flewitt P.E.J., et al. (Ed). Engineering structural integrity assessment: needs and provision (2002), EMAS, Sheffield 155-162
49. Payer J.H., Fink K.M., Perdomo J.J., Rodriguez R.E., Song I., and Trautman B. Corrosion and cathodic protection of disbonded coatings. In: Yoon M., Mensik M., and Mohitpour M. (Eds). Proceedings of the international pipeline conference vol. 1 (1996), ASME, New York 471-477
50. Fessler R.R. Pipe Line Ind 44 3 (1976) 37-39
51. Elshawesh F., El Houd A., and Elshushan M. Oil Gas J 98 48 (2000) 50-54
52. Toncre A.C. Mater Perform 23 8 (1984) 22-27
53. Gutman E.M., Amosov B.V., and Khudiakov M.A. Neft Khoz 8 (1977) 59-62
54. CEPA. Submission to the National Energy Board. In: Proceedings of the MH-2-95, vol. 1(2); 1996 [quoted in [2]].
55. Cialone H.J., and Holbrook J.H. Metall Trans A 16A (1985) 115-122
56. Shipilov S.A. Corrosion fatigue. In: Varvani-Farahani A. (Ed). Advances in fatigue, fracture and damage assessment of materials (2005), WIT Press, Southampton
57. Speidel M.O. Stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue fracture mechanics. In: Speidel M.O., and Atrens A. (Eds). Corrosion in power generating equipment (1984), Plenum Press, New York 85-130
58. Brown B.F. Mater Res Standards 6 (1966) 129-133
59. Staehle R.W. A point of view concerning mechanisms of environment-sensitive cracking of engineering materials. In: Swann P.R., Ford F.P., and Westwood A.R.C. (Eds). Mechanisms of environment sensitive cracking of materials (1977), The Metals Society, London 574-601
60. Minami Y., and Takada H. Boshoku Gitjutsu (Corros Eng) 7 (1958) 336-337
61. Duquette D.J., and Uhlig H.H. Trans ASM 61 (1968) 449-456
62. Hooper W.C., and Hartt W.H. Corrosion 34 (1978) 320-324
63. Hartt W.H., and Hooper W.C. Corrosion 36 (1980) 107-112
64. Charbonnier J.C., Margot-Marette H., and Truchon M. Stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue of weldable steels in marine environment. Metallic corrosion vol. 2 (1981), Dechema, Frankfurt/Main p. 1315-20
65. Truchon M., and Rabbe P. Mem etud Sci Rev Metall 80 (1983) 117-130
66. Skritskii R.R. Prot Metals 29 (1993) 337-343
67. Shipilov S.A. JOM 57 3 (2005) 36-42
68. Vosikovsky O. J Test Eval 8 (1980) 68-73
69. Schmelzer F., and Schmitt F.J. Z Werkstofftech 12 3 (1981) 90-96
70. Saenz de Santa Maria M, Procter RPM. Environmental cracking (corrosion fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement) X-70 linepipe steel. In: Fatigue and crack growth in offshore structures, C137/86. London: IMechE; 1986. p. 101-8.
71. Monahan C.C., and Hopkins R.M. The relative severity of natural and synthetic seawaters on the fatigue behaviour of cathodically protected steel. In: Scott P. (Ed). Environment assisted fatigue, EGF7 (1990), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London 97-122
72. Maahn E., and Nielsen H.P. Influence of cathodic protection on the initiation and growth of small cracks in steel under fatigue loading in seawater. In: Scott P. (Ed). Environment assisted fatigue, EGF7 (1990), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London 395-414
73. Troiano A.R. Trans ASM 52 (1960) 54-80
74. Nakasa K., Takei H., and Kajiwara K. Eng Fract Mech 14 (1981) 507-517
75. Groeneveld T.P., and Elsea A.R. Hydrogen-stress cracking in natural-gas-transmission pipelines. In: Bernstein I.M., and Thompson W. (Eds). Hydrogen in metals (1973), ASM, Metals Park 727-737
76. Clark Jr. W.G. The effect of hydrogen on the fatigue crack growth rate behavior of HY-80 and HY-130 steels. In: Bernstein I.M., and Thompson W. (Eds). Hydrogen in metals (1973), ASM, Metals Park 149-162
77. Hinton B.R.W., and Procter R.P.M. Corros Sci 23 (1983) 101-123
78. Kasahara K., Isowaki T., and Adachi H. Study on hydrogen-stress cracking susceptibilities of line pipe steels. Metallic corrosion vol. 1 (1981), Dechema, Frankfurt/Main p. 394-9
79. Payer J.H., Berry W.E., and Boyd W.K. Constant strain rate technique for assessing stress-corrosion susceptibility. Stress corrosion - new approaches, ASTM STP 610 (1976), ASTM, Philadelphia p. 82-93
80. Rebak R.B., Xia Z., Safruddin R., and Szklarska-Smialowska Z. Corrosion 52 (1996) 396-405
81. Gu B., Yu W.Z., Luo J., and Mao X. Corrosion 55 (1999) 312-318
82. Bosch C., Bayle B., Magnin T., and Longaygue X. Proposal for a critical test to classify the SCC resistance of materials. In: Moody N.R., et al. (Ed). Hydrogen effects on material behavior and corrosion deformation interactions (2003), TMS, Warrendale 587-596
83. González JJ, Mejía L. CORROSION/2003. Houston: NACE International; 2003 [paper no. 526].
84. Mazel A.G. On stress corrosion cracking of gas pipelines. Reliability and safety of gas pipelines subject to stress corrosion cracking, STP 2-4 (1993), RAO Gazprom, Moscow p. 11-22
85. Parry P.J. A case study of failure analysis and subsequent magnetic particle inspection of a natural gas pipeline. In: Revie R.W., Mak D.K., Champion C.S., and Patchett B.M. (Eds). Proceedings of the international conference on pipeline inspection (1984), CANMET, Ottawa p. 599-612
86. White W.E. Hydrogen induced failure and cathodic protection. In: Simpson L.A. (Ed). Failure problems and solutions in the energy industry (1982), Pergamon Press, Oxford 51-61
87. In: Vosikovsky O., and Leewis K. (Eds). Cathodic protection: A + or - in corrosion fatigue? (1986), CANMET, Ottawa
88. Kiefner J.F., and Eiber R.J. Oil Gas J 85 13 (1987) 98-100
89. Kiefner J.F., and Eiber R.J. Oil Gas J 85 15 (1987) 38-42
90. Chiovelli S.C., Dorling D.V., Glover A.G., and Horsley D.J. Oil Gas J 92 11 (1994) 91-100
91. Cabrini M., Pistone V., Sinigaglia E., and Tarenzi M. Oil Gas J 98 10 (1998) 61-65
92. Gu B., Luo J., and Mao X. Corrosion 55 (1999) 96-106
93. Fessler R.R., Groeneveld T.P., and Elsea A.R. Stress-corrosion and hydrogen-stress cracking in buried pipelines. In: Staehle R.W., et al. (Ed). Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of iron base alloys (1977), NACE, Houston 135-146
94. Beavers J.A., Christman T.K., and Parkins R.N. Mater Perform 27 4 (1986) 22-26
95. Brown B.F., Fujii C.T., and Dahlberg E.P. J Electrochem Soc 116 (1969) 218-219
96. Hinton B.R.W., and Procter R.P.M. Metals Forum 5 (1982) 80-91
97. Frandsen J.D., and Marcus H.L. Scripta Metall 9 (1975) 1089-1094
98. Masuda H., Mastsuoka S., Nishijima S., and Shimodaira M. Boshoku Gitjutsu (Corros Eng) 35 (1986) 27-34
99. Shipilov S.A. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 25 (2002) 243-259
100. Delafosse D., Bayle B., and Bosch C. The role of crack-tip plasticity, anodic dissolution and hydrogen on the SCC of C-Mn and low-alloy steels. In: Shipilov S.A., Jones R.H., Rebak R.B., and Olive J.-M. (Eds). Environment-induced cracking: prediction, industrial developments, and evaluation (2005), Elsevier, Oxford
101. Beavers JA, Durr CL, Garrity KC. CORROSION/2002. Houston: NACE International; 2002 [paper no. 426].