Iron: Not a benign therapeutic drug

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 174-179

  Madiwale, Taj ^a   Liebelt, Erica ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Deferoxamine; Iron poisoning; Treatment guidelines; Unit dose packaging

Indexed keywords

CARBONYL IRON; FERROUS FUMARATE; FERROUS GLUCONATE; FERROUS SULFATE; IRON; POLYVISOL;

ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG FORMULATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; IRON OVERLOAD; LIVER TOXICITY; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHOCK; STOMACH OBSTRUCTION; UNITED STATES; VOMITING;

CHELATION THERAPY; CHILD; DEFEROXAMINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; IRON; LIVER; POISONING; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; SIDEROPHORES; TRIAGE; VITAMINS;

EID: 33646496392     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mop.0000193275.62366.98     Document Type: Review

References (16)

1. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC Jr. et al. 2004 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23:589-666. This comprehensive report provides national statistics for toxic exposures in all age groups during 2004.
2. Juurlink DN, Tenenbein M, Koren G, Redelmeier DA. Iron poisoning in young children: association with the birth of a sibling. Can Med Assoc J 2003; 168:1539-1542.
3. Fine JS. Iron poisoning. Curr Probl Pediatr 2000; 3:71-90.
4. Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2001; 39:721-726.
5. Huebers HA, Brittenham GM, Csiba E, Finch CA. Absorption of carbonyl iron. J Lab Clin Med 1986; 108:473-478.
6. Gordeuk VR, Brittenham GM, Hughes MA, et al. High dose carbonyl iron for iron deficiency anemia: a randomized double blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46:1029-1034.
7. Manoguerra AS, Erdman AR, Booze LL, et al. Iron ingestion: an evidence-based guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol 2005; 43:553-570. This article provides guidelines for the out-of-hospital management of iron exposures. An evidence-based expert and consensus process was used to create this guideline. This article provides a comprehensive review of many relevant articles on iron poisoning.
8. Singhi SC, Baranwal AK. Acute iron poisoning: clinical picture, intensive care needs, and outcome. Indian Pediatr 2003; 40:1177-1182.
9. Lacouture PG, Wason S, Temple AR, et al. Emergency assessment of severity in iron overdose by clinical and laboratory methods. J Pediatr 1981; 99:89-91.
10. Siff JE, Meldon SW, Tomassoni AJ. Usefulness of the total iron binding capacity in the evaluation and treatment of acute iron overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 33:73-76.
11. Tenenbein M, Kowalski S, Sienko A, et al. Pulmonary toxic effects of continuous deferrioxamine administration in acute iron poisoning. Lancet 1992; 339:699-701.
12. Tran T, Wax JR, Philput C, et al. Intentional iron overdose in pregnancy: management and outcome. J Emerg Med 2000; 18:222-225.
13. Berkovitch M, Livne A, Lushkov G, et al. The efficacy of oral deferiprone in acute iron poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18:36-40.
14. Bergeron PJ, Wiegand J, Brittenham GM. HBED ligand: preclinical studies of a potential alternative to deferoxamine for treatment of chronic iron overload and acute iron poisoning. Blood 2002; 99:3019-3026.
15. Tenenbein M. Unit-dose packaging of iron supplements and reduction of iron poisoning in young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005; 159:557-560. This is an excellent article demonstrating the effectiveness of unit-dose packaging of iron supplements as a primary prevention of iron poisoning and death.
16. Food and Drug Administration. HHS. Iron-containing supplements and drugs; label warning statements and unit-dose packaging requirements; removal of regulations for unit-dose packaging requirements for dietary supplements and drugs. Final rule; removal of regulatory provisions in response to court order. Fed Regist 2003; 68:59714-59715.