Thrombolysis and neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 21, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2006, Pages 118-126

  Gutierrez M ^a   Diez Tejedor E ^a   Alonso De Lecinana M ^b   Fuentes, B ^a   Carceller, F ^a   Roda, J M ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO LA PAZ   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia, animal models; Neuroprotection in acute stroke; Stroke; Thrombolysis and neuroprotection combination; Thrombolytics

Indexed keywords

6 NITRO 7 SULFAMOYLBENZO[F]QUINOXALINE 2,3 DIONE; ALTEPLASE; ANTIOXIDANT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CITICOLINE; CLOMETHIAZOLE; DISUFENTON SODIUM; DIZOCILPINE; EBSELEN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; LUBELUZOLE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PIRACETAM; STREPTOKINASE; TIRILAZAD; TOPIRAMATE; UROKINASE;

BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; EMBOLISM; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIALS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; CYTIDINE DIPHOSPHATE CHOLINE; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; RATS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; STROKE; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; TIME FACTORS; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

EID: 33646479783     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000091711     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Heiss W, Graft R: The ischemic penumbra. Curr Opin Neurol 1994;7:11-19.
2. Astrup J, Siesjö B, Symon L: Thresholds in cerebral ischemia: the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 1981;12:723-725.
3. Baron J, von Kummer R, del Zoppo G: Treatment of acute ischemic stroke: challenging the concept of a rigid and universal time window. Stroke 1995;26:2219-2221.
4. Fisher M: Characterizing the target of acute stroke therapy. Stroke 1997;28:866-872.
5. Massieu I, Thedinga K, McVey M, Fagg G: A comparative analysis of the neuroprotective properties of competitive and uncompetitive N-methyl-aspartate receptor antagonist in vivo: implications for the process of excitotoxic degeneration and its therapy. Neuroscience 1993;55:883-892.
6. Davis S, Lees K, Albers G, Diener H, Markabi S, Karlsson G, Norris J: Selfotel in acute ischemic stroke: possible neurotoxic effects of an NMDA antagonist. Stroke 2000;31:347-354.
7. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group: Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-1587.
8. Brinker G, Franke C, Hoehn M, Uhlenkuken U, Hossmann K: Thrombolysis of cerebral clot embolism in rat: effect of treatment delay. Neuroreport 1999;10:3269-3272.
9. Grotta J: The current status of neuronal protective therapy: why have all neuronal protective drugs worked in animals but none so far in stroke patients? Cerebrovasc Dis 1994;4:115-120.
10. Del Zoppo G, Wagner S, Tagaya M: Trends and future developments in the pharmacological treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Drugs 1997;54:9-38.
11. Lees K: Does neuroprotection improve stroke outcome? Lancet 1998;351:1447-1448.
12. Choi D: Antagonizing excitotoxicity: a therapeutic strategy for stroke? Mt Sinai J Med 1998;65:133-138.
13. Kontos H: Oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular injury. Circ Res 1985;57:508-516.
14. Chan P: Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage. Stroke 1996;27:1124-1129.
15. Chopp M, Zhang Z: Anti-adhesion molecule and nitric oxide protection strategies in ischemic stroke. Curr Opinion Neurol 1996;9; 68-72.
16. Barinaga M: Stroke-damaged neurons may commit cellular suicide. Science 1998;281:1302-1304.
17. Endres M, Namura S, Shimizu-Sasamata M, Waeber C, Zhang L, Gómez-Isla T, Hyman B, Moskowitz M: Attenuation of delayed neuronal death after mild focal ischemia in mice by inhibition of the caspase family. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998;18:238-247.
18. Alonso de Leciñana M, Díez Tejedor E, Carceller F: Cerebral ischemia: from animal studies to clinical practice. Should the methods be reviewed? Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;11 (suppl 1):20-30.
19. Fisher M, Brott T: Emerging therapies for acute ischemic stroke. New therapies on trial. Stroke 2003;34:359-361.
20. Tamura A, Graham D, McCulloch J, Teasdale G: Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Description of technique and early neuropathological consequences following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981;1:53-60.
21. Roda J, Carceller F, Díez Tejedor E, Avendaño C: Reduction of infarct size by intra-arterial nimodipine administered at reperfusion in a rat model of partially reversible brain focal ischemia. Stroke 1995;26:1888-1892.
22. Koizumi J, Yoshida Y, Nakazawa T, Oneda G: Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema. A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats which recirculation can be reintroduced in the ischemic area. Jpn J Stroke 1986;8:1-8.
23. Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Boysen G, Pedersen H, Hoyer S, Diemer N: A rat model of reproducible cerebral infarction using thrombotic blood clot emboli. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992;12:484-490.
24. Alonso de Leciñana M, Díez Tejedor E, Carceller F, Vega A, Roda J: Advantages of associate inhibitors of ischemia reperfusion injury to intravenous thrombolysis for treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. Description of an experimental model. Rev Neurol 1996;24:207-213.
25. NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group: Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 1997;28:2109-2118.
26. Katzan I, Furlan A, Lloyd L, et al: Use of tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: The Cleveland area experience. JAMA 2000;283:1151-1158.
27. Heo J, Kim S, Lee K, Kim E, Chu C, Nam J: Increase in plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 in acute stroke patients with thrombolysis failure. Stroke 2003;34:48-50.
28. Montaner J, Molina C, Monasterio J, et al: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke. Circulation 2003;107:598-603.
29. Adams H, Adams R, Del Zoppo G, Goldstein L: Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke. 2005 Guidelines Update. A scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke 2005;36:916-921.
30. Toni D, Chamorro A, Kaste M, Lees K, Wahlgren N, Hacke W for the EUSI Executive Committee and the EUSI Writing Committee. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17(suppl 2):30-46.
31. Lee J, Zipfel G, Choi D: The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms. Nature 1999;399(suppl): A7-A14.
32. Fisher M, Bogousslavsky J: Further evolution toward effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke. JAMA 1998;279:1298-1303.
33. Martinez-Vila E, Sieira P: Current status and perspectives of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke treatment. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;11:60-70.
34. Gamman R, Sherman D: ECCO 2000 Investigators. ECCO 2000 study of citicoline for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: final results. Stroke 2000;31:278A.
35. Dávalos A, Castillo J, Álvarez-Sabín J, Secades J, Mercadal J, López S, Cobo E, Warach S, Sherman D, Clark W, Lozano R: Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke. An individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke 2002;33:2850-2857.
36. Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable II: Recommendations for clinical trial evaluation of acute stroke therapies. Stroke 2001;32:1598-1606.
37. Lindsberg P, Roine R, Tatlisumak T, Sairanen T, Kaste M: The future of stroke treatment. Neurol Clin 2000;18:495-510.
38. Kaste M: Thrombolysis in ischaemic stroke: present and future: role of combined therapy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001:11(suppl 1):55-59.
39. Dawson D, Wadsworth G, Palmer A: A comparative assessment of the efficacy and side-effect liability of neuroprotective compounds in experimental stroke. Brain Res 2001;892:344-350.
40. Andersen M, Overgaard K, Meden P, Boysen G, Choi S: Effects of citicoline combined with thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolic stroke model. Stroke 1999;30:1464-1471.
41. Meden P, Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Boysen G: Enhancing the efficacy of thrombolysis by AMPA receptor blockade with NBQX in a rat embolic stroke model. J Neurol Sci 1993;119:209-216.
42. Zivin J, Mazzarella V: Tissue plasminogen activator plus glutamate antagonist improves outcome after embolic stroke. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1235-1238.
43. Zhang R, Zhang Z, Chopp M: Increased therapeutic efficacy with rt-PA and anti-CD 18 antibody treatment of stroke in the rat. Neurology 1999;52:273-279.
44. Yang Y, Li Q, Shuaib A: Enhanced neuroprotection and reduced hemorrhagic incidence in focal cerebral ischemia of rat by low dose combination therapy of urokinase and topiramate. Neuropharmacology 2000;39:881-888.
45. Lekieffre D, Benavides J, Scatton B, Nowicki J: Neuroprotection afforded by a combination of eliprodil and a thrombolytic agent, rt-PA, in a rat thromboembolic stroke model. Brain Res 1997;776:88-95.
46. Meden P, Overgaard K, Pedersen H, Boysen G: Effect of early treatment with tirilazad (U7400F) combined with delayed thrombolytic therapy in rat embolic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996;6:141-148.
47. Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Pedersen H, Boysen G: Neuroprotection with NBQX and thrombolysis with rt-PA in rat embolic stroke. Neurol Res 1993;15:344-349.
48. Grotta J: The Combination Therapy Stroke Trial Investigators. Combination therapy stroke trial: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with/ without lubeluzole. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;12:258-263.
49. Lyden P, Jacoby M, Schim J, Albers G, Mazzeo P, Ashwood T, Nordlund A, Odergren T: The Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study in tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated stroke (CLASS-T): final results. Neurology 2001;57:1199-1205.
50. Tovarelli G, DeMedio G, Dorman R, Piccinin G, Horrocks L, Porcellati G: Effects of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) on ischemia-induced alteration of brain lipid in the gerbil. Neurochem Res 1981;6:821-833.
51. Secades J: CDP-choline: updated pharmacological and clinical review. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2002;24(suppl 2):1-56.
52. Krupinski J, Ferrer I, Barrachina M, Secades J, Mercadal J, Lozano R: CDP-choline reduces pro-caspase and cleaved caspase-3 expression, nuclear fragmentation, and specific PARP-cleaved products of caspase activation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2002;42:846-854.
53. Sereghy T, Overgaard K, Boysen G: Neuroprotection by excitatory amino acid antagonist augments the benefit of thrombolysis in embolic stroke in rats. Stroke 1993;24:1702-1708.
54. Shuaib A, Yang Y, Li O: Evaluating the efficacy of citicoline in embolic ischemic stroke in rats: neuroprotective effects when used alone or in combination with urokinase. Exp Neurol 2000;161:733-739.
55. Alonso de Leciñana M, Gutiérrez M, Roda JM, Carceller F, Díez Tejedor E: Effect of combined therapy with thrombolysis and citicoline in a rat model of embolic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2006 (in press).
56. Gutiérrez M: Tratamiento del infarto cerebral mediante trombolisis i.v. y neuroproteción aisladas o combinadas en isquemia cerebral focal en rata; thesis, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid 2005.
57. Díez Tejedor E, Gutierrez M, Carceller F, Roda JM, Alonso de Leciñana M: Treatment with reperfusion and neuroprotection with low and high dose of citicoline in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia. Which is the best? Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17(suppl 5):67.