Passive leg movements and passive cycling do not alter arterial leg blood flow in subjects with spinal cord injury

Physical Therapy

Volumn 86, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 636-645

  Woerds, Walter Ter ^a   De Groot, Patricia C E ^a   Van Kuppevelt, Dirk H J M ^b   Hopman, Maria T E ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b SINT MAARTENSKLINIEK   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Blood circulation; Spinal cord injuries

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTERIAL CIRCULATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; DECUBITUS; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LEG BLOOD FLOW; LEG MOVEMENT; MALE; PASSIVE MOVEMENT; PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION; SPINAL CORD INJURY; VASCULAR RESISTANCE; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 33646464352     PISSN: 00319023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/86.5.636     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Hopman MT, Nommensen E, van Asten WN, et al. Properties of the venous vascular system in the lower extremities of individuals with paraplegia. Paraplegia. 1994;32:810-816.
2. Wecht JM, de Meersman RE, Weir JP, et al. Effects of autonomic disruption and inactivity on venous vascular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;278:H515-H520.
3. Kessler KM, Pina I, Green B, et al. Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58:525-530.
4. Chilibeck PD, Jeon J, Weiss C, et al. Histochemical changes in muscle of individuals with spinal cord injury following functional electrical stimulated exercise training. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:264-268.
5. Hopman MT, Groothuis JT, Flendrie M, et al. Increased vascular resistance in paralyzed legs after spinal cord injury is reversible by training. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93:1966-1972.
6. De Groot PC, van Kuppevelt DH, Pons C, et al. Time course of arterial vascular adaptations to inactivity and paralyses in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1977-1985.
7. Hopman MT, van Asten WN, Oeseburg B. Changes in blood flow in the common femoral artery related to inactivity and muscle atrophy in individuals with long-standing paraplegia. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;388: 379-383.
8. Schmidt-Trucksass A, Schmid A, Brunner C, et al. Arterial properties of the carotid and femoral artery in endurance-trained and paraplegic subjects. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89:1956-1963.
9. Olive JL, Dudley GA, McCully KK. Vascular remodeling after spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:901-907.
10. Boot CR, Groothuis JT, Van Langen H, et al. Shear stress levels in paralyzed legs of spinal cord-injured individuals with and without nerve degeneration. J Appl Physiol. 2002;92:2335-2340.
11. Nomura S, Tandon NN, Nakamura T, et al. High-shear-stress-induced activation of platelets and microparticles enhances expression of cell adhesion molecules in THP-1 and endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis. 2001;158:277-287.
12. Arnett DK, Evans GW, Riley WA. Arterial stiffness: a new cardiovascular risk factor? Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140:669-682.
13. Haenen JH, Janssen MC, van Langen H, et al. The postthrombotic syndrome in relation to venous hemodynamics, as measured by means of duplex scanning and strain-gauge plethysmography. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29:1071-1076.
14. van Marum RJ, Meijer JH, Bertelsmann FW, et al. Impaired blood flow response following pressure load in diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:1003-1006.
15. van Marum RJ, Meijer JH, Ribbe MW. The relationship between pressure ulcers and skin blood flow response after a local cold provocation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:40-43.
16. Keller BP, Wille J, van Ramshorst B, et al. Pressure ulcers in intensive care patients: a review of risks and prevention. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1379-1388.
17. Basson MD, Burney RE. Defective wound healing in patients with paraplegia and quadriplegia. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;155:9-12.
18. Johnson RL, Gerhart KA, McCray J, et al. Secondary conditions following spinal cord injury in a population-based sample. Spinal Cord. 1998;36:45-50.
19. McKinley WO, Jackson AB, Cardenas DD, et al. Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1402-1410.
20. Chen D, Apple DF Jr, Hudson LM, et al. Medical complications during acute rehabilitation following spinal cord injury: current experience of the model systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1397-1401.
21. Johnson RL, Brooks CA, Whiteneck GG. Cost of traumatic spinal cord injury in a population-based registry. Spinal Cord. 1996;34: 470-480.
22. Gerrits HL, de Haan A, Sargeant AJ, et al. Peripheral vascular changes after electrically stimulated cycle training in people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:832-839.
23. Muraki S, Yamasaki M, Ehara Y, et al. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to passive leg cycle exercise in people with spinal cord injuries. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;74:23-28.
24. Seifert J, Lob G, Stoephasius E, et al. Blood flow in muscles of paraplegic patients under various conditions measured by a double isotope technique. Paraplegia. 1972;10:185-191.
25. Radegran G, Saltin B. Muscle blood flow at onset of dynamic exercise in humans. Am J Physiol. 1998;274:H314-H322.
26. Doering TJ, Resch KL, Steuernagel B, et al. Passive and active exercises increase cerebral blood flow velocity in young, healthy individuals. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;77:490-493.
27. Stevenson JR, Blake JM, Douglas TF, et al. Does continuous passive motion during keyboarding affect hand blood flow and wrist function? A prospective case report. Work. 2005;24:145-155.
28. Willoughby DS, Priest JW, Nelson M. Expression of the stress proteins, ubiquitin, heat shock protein 72, and myofibrillar protein content after 12 weeks of leg cycling in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:649-654.
29. Willoughby DS, Priest JW, Jennings RA. Myosin heavy chain isoform and ubiquitin protease mRNA expression after passive leg cycling in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:157-163.
30. Staubesand J, Heisterkamp T, Stege H. Use of duplex sonography to investigate the effect of active and passive movement at the ankle joint for promoting venous return. Clin Anat. 1995;8:96-101.
31. Nobrega AC, Williamson JW, Friedman DB, et al. Cardiovascular responses to active and passive cycling movements. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26:709-714.
32. Rowell LB. Human Cardiovascular Control New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1993.
33. Rowell LB, O'Leary DS. Reflex control of the circulation during exercise: chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes. J Appl Physiol. 1990;69: 407-418.
34. Sochart DH, Hardinge K. The relationship of foot and ankle movements to venous return in the lower limb. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81:700-704.
35. Maynard FM Jr, Bracken MB, Greasey G, et al. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association. Spinal Cord. 1997;35: 266-274.
36. Imholz BP, Langewouters GJ, van Montfrans GA, et al. Feasibility of ambulatory, continuous 24-hour finger arterial pressure recording. Hypertension. 1993;21:65-73.
37. Rongen GA, Bos WJ, Lenders JW, et al. Comparison of intrabrachial and finger blood pressure in healthy elderly volunteers. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:237-248.
38. Harms MP, Wesseling KH, Pott F, et al. Continuous stroke volume monitoring by modelling flow from non-invasive measurement of arterial pressure in humans under orthostatic stress. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999;97:291-301.
39. Olive JL, Slade JM, Dudley GA, et al. Blood flow and muscle fatigue in SCI individuals during electrical stimulation. J Appl Physiol. 2003;94: 701-708.
40. Green DJ, Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, et al. Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans. J Physiol. 2004;561:1-25.
41. Svensson M, Siosteen A, Wetterqvist H, Sullivan L. Influence of physiotherapy on leg blood flow in patients with complete spinal cord injury lesions. Physiother Theory Pract. 1995;11:97-107.
42. Mitchell JH. JB Wolffe Memorial Lecture: neural control of the circulation during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:141-154.
43. Nash MS, Montalvo BM, Applegate B. Lower extremity blood flow and responses to occlusion ischemia differ in exercise-trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77: 1260-1265.
44. Sandgren T, Sonesson B, Ahlgren R, Lanne T. The diameter of the common femoral artery in healthy human: influence of sex, age, and body size. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29:503-510.
45. de Groot PC, Poelkens F, Kooijman M, Hopman MTE. Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;287:H374-H380.
46. Muraki S, Ehara Y, Yamasaki M. Cardiovascular responses at the onset of passive leg cycle exercise in paraplegics with spinal cord injury. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;81:271-274.
47. Nobrega AC, Araujo CG. Heart rate transient at the onset of active and passive dynamic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:37-41.
48. Nakazono Y, Miyamoto Y. Cardiorespiratory dynamics in men in response to passive work. Jpn J Physiol. 1985;35:33-43.