Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 273, Issue 1587, 2006, Pages 661-667

  Stavenga, D G ^a   Foletti, S ^a,c   Palasantzas, G ^a   Arikawa, K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b YOKOHAMA CITY UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Butterfly evolution; Eye reflectance; Multilayer theory; Refractive index gradient

Indexed keywords

BUTTERFLY; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; EVOLUTION; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; EYE; MODELING; MOTH; POLARIZATION; REFLECTANCE; REFRACTIVE INDEX; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; BUTTERFLY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORNEA; LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION INDEX; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; VISUAL SYSTEM; ANIMAL; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

LEPIDOPTERA; NYMPHALIDAE; PAPILIONIDAE; PAPILIONOIDEA;

ANIMALS; BUTTERFLIES; CORNEA; MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION;

EID: 33646458730     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3369     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barra, I. A. 1971 Les photorécepteurs des collemboles, étude ultrastructurale. I. L'appareil dioptrique. Z. Zellforsch. 117, 322-353. (doi:10.1007/BF00324808)
2. Bernard, G.D. & Miller, W. H. 1968 Interference filters in the corneas of Diptera. Invest. Ophthalmol. 7, 416-434.
3. Bernhard, C. G. & Miller, W. H. 1962 A corneal nipple pattern in insect compound eyes. Acta Physiol. Scand. 56, 385-386.
4. Bernhard, C. G., Miller, W. H. & Møller, A. R. 1965 The insect corneal nipple array. Acta Physiol. Scand. 63(Suppl. 243), 1-25.
5. Bernhard, C. G., Gemne, G. & Sällström, J. 1970 Comparative ultrastructure of corneal surface topography in insects with aspects on phylogenesis and function. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 67, 1-25. (doi:10.1007/BF00298117)
6. Brammer, J. D. 1970 Ultrastructure of the compound eye of a mosquito Aedes aegypti L. J. Exp. Zool. 175, 181-196. (doi:10.1002/jez.1401750207)
7. Bruggeman, D. A. G. 1935 Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. I. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen. Ann. Phys. 24, 636-679.
8. Exner, S. 1891 Die Physiologie der facittirten Augen von Krebsen und Insecten. Leipzig: Deuticke.
9. Exner, S. 1989 The physiology of the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans (translated by R. C. Hardie). Berlin: Springer.
10. Gemne, G. 1971 Ontogenesis of corneal surface ultrastructure in nocturnal Lepidoptera. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 262, 343-363.
11. Greiner, B., Ribi, W. A. & Warrant, E. J. 2004 Retinal and optical adaptations for nocturnal vision in the halictid bee Megalopta genalis. Cell Tissue Res. 316, 377-390. (doi:10.1007/s00441-004-0883-9)
12. Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M. S. 2005 Evolution of the insects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
13. Hateren, J. H. & Nilsson, D.-E. 1987 Butterfly optics exceed the theoretical limits of conventional apposition eyes. Biol. Cybern. 57, 159-168. (doi:10.1007/BF00364148)
14. Land, M. F., Gibson, G. & Horwood, J. 1997 Mosquito eye design: conical rhabdoms are matched to wide aperture lenses. Proc. R. Soc. B 264, 1183-1187. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0163)
15. Macleod, H. A. 1986 Thin-film optical filters. Bristol: Adam Hilger.
16. Meyer-Rochow, V. B. & Stringer, I. A. N. 1993 A system of regular ridges instead of nipples on a compound eye that has to operate near the diffraction limit. Vision Res. 33, 2645-2647. (doi:10.1016/0042- 6989(93)90223-J)
17. Miller, W. H. 1979 Ocular optical filtering. In Handbook of sensory physiology vol. VII/6A, (ed. H. Autrum), pp. 69-143. Berlin: Springer.
18. Nilsson, D.-E. 1989 Optics and evolution of the compound eye. In Facets of vision (ed.D. G. Stavenga & R. C. Hardie), pp. 30-73. Berlin: Springer.
19. Nilsson, D.-E., Land, M. F. & Howard, J. 1988 Optics of the butterfly eye. J. Comp. Physiol. A 162, 341-366. (doi:10.1007/BF00606122)
20. Palasantzas, G., De Hosson, J. Th. M., Michielsen, K. F. L. & Stavenga, D. G. 2005 Optical properties and wettability of nanostructured biomaterials: moth-eyes, lotus leaves and insect wings. In Handbook of nanostructured biomaterials and their applications in biotechnology, vol. 1: Biomaterials (ed. H. S. Nalwa), pp. 273-301. Stevenson Ranch, CA: American Scientific Publishers.
21. Parker, A. R., Hegedus, Z. & Watts, R. A. 1998 Solar-absorber antireflector on the eye of an Eocene fly (45 Ma). Proc. R. Soc. B 265, 811-815. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0385)
22. Southwell, W. H. 1991 Pyramid-array surface-relief structures producing antireflection index matching on optical surfaces. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 549-553.
23. Stavenga, D. G. 2002a Colour in the eyes of insects. J. Comp. Physiol. A 188, 337-348. (doi:10.1007/s00359-002-0307-9)
24. Stavenga, D. G. 2002b Reflections on colourful butterfly eyes. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1077-1085.
25. Stavenga, D. G. 2004 Visual acuity of fly photoreceptors in natural conditions-dependence on UV sensitizing pigment and light-controlling pupil. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 1703-1713. (doi:10.1242/jeb.00949)
26. Stavenga, D. G., Kruizinga, R. & Leertouwer, H. L. 1990 Dioptrics of the facet lenses of male blowflies Calliphora and Chrysomia. J. Comp. Physiol. A 166, 365-371. (doi:10.1007/BF00204809)
27. Trujillo-Cenóz, O. 1972 The structural organization of the compound eye in insects. In Handbook of sensory physiology vol. VII/2, (ed. M. G. F. Fuortes), pp. 5-62. Berlin: Springer.
28. Vogt, K. 1974 Optische Untersuchungen an der Cornea der Mehlmotte Ephestia kühniella. J. Comp. Physiol. 88, 201-216. (doi:10.1007/BF00695407)
29. Wagner, T., Neinhuis, C. & Barthlott, W. 1996 Wettability and contaminability of insect wings as a function of their surface sculptures. Acta Zool. 77, 213-225.
30. Wahlberg, N. et al. 2005 Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 1577-1586. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2005. 3124)
31. Warrant, E. J., Kelber, A. & Kristensen, N. P. 2003 Eyes and vision. In Handbook of zoology, Vol. IV, Part 36, Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, Vol. 2: Morphology, physiology and development (ed. N. P. Kristensen), pp. 325-359. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
32. Watson, G. S. & Watson, J. A. 2004 Natural nano-structures on insects - possible functions of ordered arrays characterized by atomic force microscopy. Appl. Surf. Sci. 235, 139-144. (doi:10.1016/j.apsusc. 2004.05.129)
33. Wilson, S. J. & Hutley, M. C. 1982 The optical properties of 'moth eye' antireflection surfaces. Opt. Acta 29, 993-1009.
34. Yack, J. E. & Fullard, J. H. 2000 Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies. Nature 403, 265-266. (doi:10.1038/35002247)
35. Yoshida, A., Motoyama, M., Kosaku, A. & Miyamoto, K. 1997 Antireflective nanoprotuberance array in the transparent wing of a hawkmoth, Cephonodes hylas. Zool. Sci. 14, 737-741.