Assessment of resources in the elderly;Diagnostik von ressourcen im alter

Zeitschrift fur Gerontopsychologie und -psychiatrie

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 227-257

  Forstmeier, Simon ^a   Uhlendorff, Harald ^b   Maercker, Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Diagnostics; Elderly; Protective factors; Resources; Strengths

Indexed keywords

ALTRUISM; AUTOREGULATION; COMPETENCE; ELDERLY CARE; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; FORGIVENESS; HUMAN; HUMOR; LIFE SATISFACTION; OPTIMISM; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; SELF CONTROL; SELF ESTEEM; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL NETWORK; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRENGTH;

EID: 33646451197     PISSN: 10116877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1024/1011-6877.18.4.227     Document Type: Review

References (344)

1. Affleck, G. & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Journal of Personality, 64, 899-922.
2. Albani, E., Blaser, G., Geyer, M., Schmutzer, G., Brähler, E., Bailer, H. & Grulke, N. (2005). Überprüfung der Gütekriterien der deutschen Kurzform des Fragebogens «Profile of Mood States» (POMS) in einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichprobe. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, 55, 324-330.
3. Altmaier, E. M., Russell, D. W., Kao, C. F., Lehmann, T. R. & Weinstein, J. M. (1993). Role of self-efficacy in rehabilitation outcome among chronic low back pain patients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 335-339.
4. Andersson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the life orientation test. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 719-725.
5. Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H. & Egan, V. (2005). Personality, well-being and health correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 547-558.
6. Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., Huang, S. H. & McKenney, D. (2004). Measurement of trait emotional intelligence: Testing and cross-validating a modified version of Schutte et al.'s (1998) measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 555-562.
7. Badura, B., Kaufhold, G., Lehmann, H., Pfaff, H., Schott, T. & Waltz, M. (1987). Leben mit dem Herzinfarkt. Eine sozialepidemiologische Studie. Berlin: Springer.
8. Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D., Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Smith, D. M., Tennstedt, S. L., Unverzagt, F. W., Willis, S. L. & ACTIVE. (2002). Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 2271-2281.
9. Baltes, M. M. & Lang, F. R. (1997). Everyday functioning and successful aging: The impact of resources. Psychology and Aging, 12, 433-443.
10. Baltes, M. M., Mayr, U., Borchelt, M., Maas, I. & Wilms, H.-U. (1993). Everyday competence in old and very old age: An interdisciplinary perspective. Ageing and Society, 13, 657-680.
11. Baltes, P. B. (1993). The aging mind: Potential and limits. The Gerontologist, 33, 580-594.
12. Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of development theory. American Psychologist, 52, 366-380.
13. Baltes, P. B. & Baltes, M. M. (Eds.). (1990). Successful aging. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
15. Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: Assessment issues. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support d(pp. 69-96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
16. Barrick, A. L., Hutchinson, R. L. & Deckers, L. H. (1989). Age effects on positive and negative emotions. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 421-429.
17. Bauer, J., Stadtmüller, G., Qualmann, J. & Bauer, H. (1995). Prämorbide psychologische Prozesse bei Alzheimer-Patienten und bei Patienten mit vaskulären Demenzprozessen. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 28, 179-189.
18. Baumann, U., Laireiter, A.-R., Pfingstmann, G. & Schwarzenbacher, G. (1987). Fragebogen zum Sozialen Netzwerk und zur Sozialen Unterstützung (SONET), Kurzbericht. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 16, 429-431.
19. Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F. & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
20. Beckmann, J. & Kellmann, M. (2004). Self-regulation and recovery: Approaching an understanding of the process of recovery from stress. Psychological Reports, 95, 1135-1153.
21. Bellizzi, K. M. (2004). Expressions of generativity and posttraumatic growth in adult cancer survivors. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 58, 267-287.
22. Benyamini, Y. (2005). Can high optimism and high pessimism co-exist? Findings from arthritis patients coping with pain. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1463-1473.
23. Berkowitz, L. & Daniels, L. R. (1964). Affecting the salience of the social responsibility norm: Effects of past help on the response to dependency relationships. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68, 275-281.
24. Berry, J. M. (1987). Memory complaint and performance in older women: A self-efficacy and causal attribution model. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47(10-B), 4320.
25. Berry, J. W. & Worthington, E. L. (2001). Forgivingness, relationship quality, stress while imagining relationship events, and physical and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 447-455.
26. Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., O'Connor, L. E. & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: Development and construct validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1277-1290.
27. Bierhoff, H. W. (1994). Verantwortung und altruistische Persönlichkeit. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 25, 217-226.
28. Bierhoff, H. W. (2000). Skala der sozialen Verantwortung nach Berkowitz und Daniels: Entwicklung und Validierung. Diagnostica, 46, 18-28.
29. Bierhoff, H. W. & Montada, L. (Hrsg.). (1988). Altruismus. Bedingungen der Hilfsbereitschaft. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
30. Bierhoff, H. W., Müller, G. F. & Küpper, B. (2000). Prosoziales Arbeitsverhalten: Entwicklung und Überprüfung eines Messinstruments zur Erfassung des freiwilligen Arbeitsengagements. Gruppendynamik, 31, 141-153.
31. Bilsky, W. (1981). Prosozialität - Zwei Skalen zur Beschreibung eines provisorischen Konzepts. Diagnostica, 27, 66-77.
32. Bodenmann, G. (1997). Kompetenzen und Gesundheit in Partnerschaften. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 5, 170-187.
33. Bossong, B. (1998). Die Rolle des Willens bei der Stressbewältigung. In O. L. Braun (Hrsg.), Ziele und Wille in der Psychologie: Grundlage und Anwendungen (S. 85-98). Landau: Verlag Empirische Pädagogik.
34. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
35. Bradley, J. M. & Cafferty, T. P. (2001). Attachment among older adults: Current issues and directions for future research. Attachment and Human Development, 3, 200-221.
36. Brandtstädter, J. (1989). Personal self-regulation of development: Cross-sequential analysis of development-related control beliefs and emotions. Developmental Psychology, 25, 96-108.
37. Brandtstädter, J. & Greve, W. (1994). The aging self: Stabilizing and protective processes. Developmental Review, 14, 52-80.
38. Brandtstädter, J., Krampen, G. & Baltes-Götz, B. (1989). Kontrollüberzeugungen im Kontext persönlicher Entwicklungen. In G. Krampen (Ed.), Diagnostik von Attributionen und Kontrollüberzeugungen (pp. 155-171). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
39. Brandtstädter, J. & Renner, G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5, 58-67.
40. Brandtstädter, J., Rothermund, K. & Schmitz, U. (1997). Coping resources in later life. European Journal of Applied Psychology, 47, 107-114.
41. Brandtstädter, J., Wentura, D. & Greve, W. (1993). Adaptive resources of the aging self: Outlines of an emergent perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 223-249.
42. Brandtstädter, J., Wentura, D. & Schmitz, U. (1997). Veränderungen der Zeit- und Zukunftsperspektiven im Übergang zum höheren Alter: quer- und längsschnittliche Befunde. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 205, 377-395.
43. Bromberger, J. T. & Matthews, K. A. (1996). A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychology and Aging, 11, 207-213.
44. Brugha, T. S., Sturt, E., MacCarthy, B., Potter, J., Wykes, T. & Bebbington, P. E. (1987). The Interview Measure of Social Relationships IMSR: The description and evaluation of a survey instrument for assessing personal social resources. Social Psychiatry, 22, 123-128.
45. Brunstein, J. C. (1999). Persönliche Ziele und subjektives Wohlbefinden bei älteren Menschen. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 20, 58-71.
46. Brunstein, J. C. & Maier, G. W. (1996). Persönliche Ziele: Ein Überblick zum Stand der Forschung. Psychologische Rundschau, 47, 146-160.
47. Buchheim, A., George, C. & West, M. (2003). Das Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) - Gütekriterien und neue Forschungsergebnisse. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 53, 419-427.
48. Burns, M. O. & Seligman, M. E. (1989). Explanatory style across the life span: Evidence for stability over 52 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 471-477.
49. Carstensen, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7, 331-338.
50. Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H. H. & Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and emotion regulation in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 103-123.
51. Carstensen, L. L., Gottman, J. M. & Levenson, R. W. (1995). Emotional behavior in long-term marriage. Psychology and Aging, 10, 140-149.
52. Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Mayr, U. & Nesselroade, J. (2000). Emotion experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 644-655.
53. Carver, C. S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality: Converging evidence and a new measure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 865-883.
54. Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (1982). Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality - social, clinical and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 111-135.
55. Catanzaro, S. J. & Greenwood, G. (1994). Expectancies for negative mood regulation, coping, and dysphoria among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 34-44.
56. Catanzaro, S. J. & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546-563.
57. Chang, E. C. & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 76, 524-531.
58. Charles, S. T., Reynolds, C. A. & Gatz, M. (2001). Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 136-151.
59. Chebat, J. C. (1986). Social responsibility, locus of control, and social class. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 559-561.
60. Chen, C. (2001). Aging and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 54, 57-79.
61. Christensen, A. (1988). Dysfunctional interaction patterns in couples. In P. Noller & M. A. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Perspectives on marital interaction (pp. 31-52). Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.
62. Closs, C. & Kempe, P. (1986). Eine differenzierende Betrachtung und Validierung des Konstruktes Lebenszufriedenheit. Analyse bewährter Verfahren und Vorschläge für ein methodisch fundiertes Vorgehen bei der Messung der Dimensionen dieses Konstruktes. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 19, 47-55.
63. Cohen, S. & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99-125.
64. Collani, G. v. & Herzberg, P. Y. (2003a). Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl von Rosenberg. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 24, 3-7.
65. Collani, G. v. & Herzberg, P. Y. (2003b). Zur internen Struktur des globalen Selbstwertgefühls nach Rosenberg. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 24, 9-22.
66. Collins, N. L. & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
67. Conn, V. S. (1998). Older women: Social cognitive theory correlates of health behavior. Women and Health, 26, 71-85.
68. Coopersmith, S. (1975). Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, technical manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
69. Dalbert, C. (1992). Subjektives Wohlbefinden junger Erwachsener: Theoretische und empirische Analysen der Struktur und Stabilität. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 13, 207-220.
70. de Jong-Meyer, R., Schmitz, S., Ehlker, M., Greis, S., Hinsken, U., Sonnen, B. & Dickhöver, N. (1999). Handlungsorientierte Interaktionsbeiträge in verschiedenen Therapien: Prozesssteuerung und Erfolgsrelevanz. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 47, 172-190.
71. de Shazer, S. (1985). Keys to solution in brief therapy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
72. Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
73. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
74. Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43.
75. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
76. Diener, E., Sandvik, E. & Larsen, G. (1985). Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Developmental Psychology, 21, 542-546.
77. Dietz, B. E. (1996). The relationship of aging to self-esteem: The relative effects of maturation and role accumulation. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 43, 249-266.
78. Eisenberg, N. & Okun, M. A. (1996). The relations of dispositional regulation and emotionality to elders' empathy-related responding and affect while volunteering. Journal of Personality, 64, 157-183.
79. Elliott, T. R., Witty, T. E., Herrick, S. & Hoffman, J. T. (1991). Negotiating reality after physical loss: Hope, depression, and disability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 608-613.
80. Enzlberger, A., Laireiter, A.-R., Baumann, U., Feichtinger, L., Lettner, K. & Untner, A. (1992). Soziale Netzwerke und Unterstützungsressourcen bei Bewohnern von Altenheimen. Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie und -psychiatrie, 5, 71-85.
81. Fahrenberg, J., Myrtek, M., Schumacher, J. & Brähler, E. (2000). Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit (FLZ). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
82. Feeney, J. A., Noller, P. & Hanrahan, M. (1994). Assessing adult attachment. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (Eds.), Attachment in adults (pp. 128-152). New York: Guilford.
83. Ferring, D. & Filipp, S.-H. (1996). Kurzbericht. Messung des Selbstwertgefühls: Befunde zu Reliabilität, Validität und Stabilität der Rosenberg-Skala. Diagnostica, 42, 284-292.
84. Field, D. & Minkler, M. (1988). Continuity and change in social support between young-old and old-old or very-old age. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 43, 100-106.
85. Finkel, E. J. & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-control and accommodation in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 263-277.
86. Fleming, J. S. & Courtney, B. E. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem: II. Hierarchical facet model for revised measurement scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 404-421.
87. Forstmeier, S. (2005). Willenstraining. Förderung volitionaler Kompetenzen in Psychotherapie und psychosomatischer Rehabilitation. Berlin: WiKu-Verlag.
88. Forstmeier, S. & Maercker, A. (2005a). Motivationale Reservekapazität als protektiver Faktor bei dementiellen Erkrankungen. Universität Zürich: Psychologisches Institut, Fachrichtung Psychopathologie.
89. Forstmeier, S. & Maercker, A. (2005). Motivationale Reservekapazität bei dementiellen Erkrankungen: Entwicklung eines Messkonzeptes. Nervenarzt, 76(Suppl. 1), S100-S101.
90. Forstmeier, S. & Rüddel, H. (2004). Volitionale Kompetenzen als Prädiktoren des Therapieerfolgs von Psychotherapien und psychosomatischer Rehabilitation. Praxis der Klinischen Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation, 67, 206-215.
91. Forstmeier, S. & Rüddel, H. (in Druck). Improving volitional competence is crucial for the efficacy of psychosomatic therapy: A controlled clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
92. Forstmeier, S. & Rüddel, H. (2005). Zur Überlegenheit von Selbstregulation über Selbstkontrolle in Psychotherapie und psychosomatischer Rehabilitation. Verhaltenstherapie, 15, 158-166.
93. Fratiglioni, L., Paillard-Borg, S. & Winblad, B. (2004). An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia. Lancet Neurology, 3, 343-353.
94. Freund, A. M. & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 531-543.
95. Frey, K. S. & Ruble, D. N. (1990). Strategies for comparative evaluation: Maintaining a sense of competence across the life span. In R. J. Sternberg & J. J. Kolligian (Eds.), Competence considered (pp. 167-189). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
96. Furnham, A. & Petrides, K. V. (2003). Trait emotional intelligence and happiness. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 815-824.
97. Fydrich, T., Sommer, G., Menzel, U. & Höll, B. (1987). Fragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstützung (Kurzform; SOZU-K-22). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 16, 434-436.
98. George, C., Kaplan, N. & Main, M. (1985). The Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript (3rd ed. 1996). Berkeley: University, Department of Psychology.
99. George, C., Kaplan, N. & Main, M. (2001). Adult Attachment Interview. In G. Gloger-Tippelt (Ed.), Bindung im Erwachsenenalter. Ein Handbuch für Forschung und Praxis (pp. 364-387). Bern: Huber.
100. George, C. & West, M. (2001). The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of adult attachment: The Adult Attachment Projective. Attachment and Human Development, 3, 30-61.
101. Gloger-Tippelt, G. (1997). Das Adult-Attachment-Interview: Eine neue Methode in der Bindungsforschung. Zeitschrift für Sozialisationsforschung und Erziehungssoziologie, 17, 324-329.
102. Grabitz-Gniech, G. (1971). Bericht über eine Analyse von sieben Persönlichkeitsfragebogen. Universität Mannheim, Sonderforschungsbereich 24 (Sozial- und Wirtschaftspsychologische Entscheidungsforschung).
103. Grawe, K. (1998). Psychologische Therapie. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
104. Greenfield, E. A. & Marks, N. F. (2004). Formal volunteering as a protective factor for older adults' psychological well-being. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, 258-264.
105. Griffin, D. W. & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. P. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Attachment processes in adult relationships (Vol. 5, pp. 17-52). London: Jessica Kingsley.
106. Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299.
107. Gross, J. J., Carstensen, L. C., Pasupathi, M., Tsai, J., Gottestam, K. & Hsu, A. Y. C. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 590-599.
108. Gross, J. J. & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
109. Gross, J. J. & Munoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164.
110. Hahlweg, K. (1996). Fragebogen zur Partnerschafts-Diagnostik. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
111. Hamarat, E., Thompson, D., Steele, D., Matheny, K. & Simons, C. (2002). Age differences in coping resources and satisfaction with life among middle-aged, young-old, and oldest-old adults. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163, 360-367.
112. Hank, G., Hahlweg, K. & Klann, N. (1990). Diagnostische Verfahren für Berater. Weinheim: Beltz.
113. Hartung, J. & Schulte, D. (1991). Anregung eines handlungsorientierten Kontrollmodus im Therapieprozeß. In D. Schulte (Hrsg.), Therapeutische Entscheidungen (S. 107-131). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
114. Hautzinger, M. (1994). Action control in the context of psychopathological disorders. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation (S. 209-215). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
115. Heckhausen, H. (1989). Motivation und Handeln (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer.
116. Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control on age-related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33, 176-187.
117. Henning, H. J. & Six, B. (1980). Konventionelle Merkmalserfassung versus Differentielle Skalierung. Teil II: Differentielle Skalierung und ihre Anwendung auf die Erfassung altruistischer Einstellungen. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 2, 149-168.
118. Herzog, A. R. & Rodgers, W. L. (1981). Age and satisfaction: Data from several large surveys. Research on Aging, 3, 142-165.
119. Hexel, M. (2004). Validierung der deutschen Version des Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) bei Personen mit und ohne psychiatrische Diagnosen. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 33, 79-90.
120. Holtzman, R. E., Rebok, G. W., Saczynski, J. S., Kouzis, A. C., Wilcox Doyle, K. & Eaton, W. W. (2004). Social network characteristics and cognition in middle-aged and older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, 278-284.
121. House, J. S., Landis, K. R. & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540-545.
122. Hunter, K. I., Linn, M. W. & Harris, R. (1981). Characteristics of high and low self-esteem in the elderly. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 14, 117-126.
123. Hunter, K. I., Linn, M. W., Harris, R. & Pratt, T. C. (1980). Discriminators of internal and external locus of control orientation in the elderly. Research on Aging, 2, 49-60.
124. Imhof, M. (1998). Erprobung der deutschen Version der Adjektiv-Checkliste nach Thayer (1989) zur Erfassung der aktuellen Aktiviertheit. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 19, 179-186.
125. Isaacowitz, D. M. (2005). Correlates of well-being in adulthood and old age: A tale of two optimisms. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 224-244.
126. Isaacowitz, D. M. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2001). Is pessimistic explanatory style a risk factor for depressive mood among community-dwelling older adults? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 255-272.
127. Isaacowitz, D. M., Vaillant, G. E. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). Strengths and satisfaction across the adult lifespan. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 57, 181-201.
128. Jackson, W. T., Taylor, R. E., Palmatier, A. D., Elliott, T. R. & Elliott, J. L. (1998). Negotiating the reality of visual impairment: Hope, coping, and functional ability. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 5, 173-185.
129. Jang, Y., Haley, W. E., Small, B. J. & Mortimer, J. A. (2002). The role of mastery and social resources in the associations between disability and depression in later life. Gerontologist, 42, 807-813.
130. Janis, I. L. & Field, P. B. (1959). Sex differences and personality factors related to persuability. In C. I. Hovland & I. L. Janis (Eds.), Personality and persuability (pp. 55-68, 300-302). New Haven: Yale University Press.
131. John, O. P. & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and lifespan development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301-1334.
132. Jorm, A. F. (2001). History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: An updated review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 776-781.
133. Kamen-Siegel, L., Rodin, J., Seligman, M. E. & Dwyer, J. (1991). Explanatory style and cell-mediated immunity in elderly men and women. Health Psychology, 10, 229-235.
134. Kasser, T. & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410-422.
135. Kasser, T. & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 280-287.
136. Kehr, H. M., Bles, P. & von Rosenstiel, L. (1999). Self-regulation, self-control, and management training transfer. International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 487-498.
137. Klann, N., Hahlweg, K. & Hank, G. (1992). Deutsche Validierung des «Marital Satisfaction Inventory» MSI von Snyder. System Familie, 5, 10-21.
138. Klausner, E. J., Snyder, C. R. & Cheavens, J. (2000). A hope-based group treatment for depressed older adult outpatients. In D. R. Shaffer & G. M. Williamson (Eds.), Physical illness and depression in older adults: A handbook of theory, research, and practice (pp. 295-310). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
139. Klein, W. & Bloom, M. (1997). Successful aging: Strategies for healthy living. New York: Plenum.
140. Klusmann, U., Trautwein, U. & Lüdtke, O. (2005). Intrinsische und extrinsische Lebensziele. Reliabilität und Validität einer deutschen Fassung des Aspiration Index. Diagnostica, 51, 40-51.
141. Kosfelder, J., Schulte, D., Lutz, W. & Hartung, J. (2003). Die volitionale Ebene der Angst: Die Bedeutung von Handlungs- und Lageorientierung in der Therapie von Angststörungen. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 32, 176-183.
142. Krampe, H., Hautzinger, M., Ehrenreich, H. & Kröner-Herwig, B. (2003). Depressivität bei Bewohnerinnen und Bewohnern von Altenwohnheimen: Untersuchung eines multifaktoriellen Depressionsmodells. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 32, 117-128.
143. Krampen, G. (1981). IPC-Fragebogen zu Kontrollüberzeugungen («Locus of Control»). Deutsche Bearbeitung der IPC-Scales von Hanna Levenson. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
144. Krampen, G. (1991). Fragebogen zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollü berzeugungen (FKK). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
145. Krause, N. (1987). Life stress, social support, and self-esteem in an elderly population. Psychology and Aging, 2, 349-356.
146. Kröger, C., Hahlweg, K., Braukhaus, C., Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G., Groth, T. & Christensen, A. (2000). Fragebogen zur Erfassung partnerschaftlicher Kommunikationsmuster (FPK): Reliabilität und Validität. Diagnostica, 46, 189-198.
147. Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C.-W. & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der «Positive and Negative Affect Schedule» (PANAS). Diagnostica, 42, 139-156.
148. Kropiunigg, U., Sebek, K., Leonhardsberger, A., Schemper, M. & Dal-Bianco, P. (1999). Psychosocial risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und medizinische Psychologie, 49, 153-159.
149. Kruglanski, A. W., Thompson, E. P., Higgins, E. T., Atash, M. N., Pierro, A., Shah, J. Y. & Spiegel, S. (2000). To «do the right thing» or to «just do it»: Locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 793-815.
150. Kuhl, J. (1983). Motivation, Konflikt und Handlungskontrolle. Heidelberg: Springer.
151. Kuhl, J. (1990). Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Handlungskontrolle: HAKEMP-90. Universität Osnabrück.
152. Kuhl, J. (1992). A theory of self-regulation: Action versus state orientation, self-discrimination, and some applications. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 41, 97-129.
153. Kuhl, J. (1994a). Action versus state orientation: Psychometric properties of the Action-Control-Scale (ACS-90). In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation (Vol. 47-56). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
154. Kuhl, J. (1994b). A theory of action and state orientations. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
155. Kuhl, J. (1996). Wille und Freiheitserleben: Formen der Selbststeuerung. In J. Kuhl & H. Heckhausen (Hrsg.), Motivation, Volition und Handlung. Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Themenbereich C, Serie 4 (Band 4, S. 665-765). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
156. Kuhl, J. (2001). Motivation und Persönlichkeit: Interaktion psychischer Systeme. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
157. Kuhl, J. & Fuhrmann, A. (1998). Decomposing self-regulation and self-control: The Volitional Components Inventory. In J. Heckhausen & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 15-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
158. Kuhl, J. & Fuhrmann, A. (2000). Volitional Components Questionnaire 3 (VCQ-3, SSI): Fragebogen, Auswertungsschlüssel und T-Werte. Universität Osnabrück.
159. Kwon, P. (2000). Hope and dysphoria: The moderating role of defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 68, 199-233.
160. Kwon, P. (2002). Hope, defense mechanisms, and adjustment: Implications for false hope and defensive hopelessness. Journal of Personality, 70, 207-231.
161. Lachman, M. E. (1986). Personal control in later life: Stability, change, and cognitive correlates. In M. M. Baltes & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 207-236). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
162. Lachman, M. E. (1990). When bad things happen to older people: Age differences in attributional style. Psychology and Aging, 5, 607-609.
163. Lachman, M. E. (1991). Perceived control over memory aging: Developmental and intervention perspectives. Journal of Social Issues, 47, 159-175.
164. Lachman, M. E., Steinberg, E. S. & Trotter, S. D. (1987). Effects of control beliefs and attributions on memory self-assessments and performance. Psychology and Aging, 2, 266-271.
165. Laireiter, A.-R. (1996). Skalen Soziale Unterstützung SSU. Testmanual. Mödling: Dr. Schuhfried.
166. Laireiter, A.-R., Baumann, U., Reisenzein, E. & Untner, A. (1997). A diary method for the assessment of interactive social networks: The interval-contingent diary SONET-T. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 56, 217-238.
167. Laireiter, A.-R., Baumann, U. & Stieglitz, R.-D. (2001). Soziodiagnostik: Soziales Netzwerk, Soziale Unterstützung und Soziale Anpassung. In R.-D. Stieglitz, U. Baumann & H. J. Freyberger (Eds.), Psychodiagnostik in Klinischer Psychologie, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie (S. 210-228). Stuttgart: Thieme.
168. Lang, F. R. & Carstensen, L. L. (1994). Close emotional relationships in late life: Further support for proactive aging in the social domain. Psychology and Aging, 9, 315-324.
169. Lang, F. R., Featherman, D. L. & Nesselroade, J. R. (1997). Social self-efficacy and short-term variability in social relationships: The MacArthur Successful Aging Studies. Psychology and Aging, 12, 657-666.
170. Lang, F. R. & Heckhausen, J. (2001). Perceived control over development and subjective well-being: Differential benefits across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 509-523.
171. Lang, F. R. & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). Erfolgreiches Altern und soziale Beziehungen: Selektion und Kompensation im Sozialen Kontaktverhalten. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 26, 321-329.
172. Lansford, J. E., Sherman, A. M. & Antonucci, T. C. (1998). Satisfaction with social networks: An examination of socio-emotional selectivity theory across cohorts. Psychology and Aging, 13, 544-552.
173. Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of Gerontology, 33, 109-125.
174. Lawton, M. P. (1975). The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A revision. Journal of Gerontology, 30, 85-89.
175. Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., Rajagopal, D. & Dean, J. (1992). Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups. Psychology and Aging, 7, 171-184.
176. Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, coping, and appraisal. New York: Springer.
177. Levenson, H. (1974). Activism and powerful others: Distinctions within the concept of internal-external control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38, 377-383.
178. Levenson, R. W., Carstensen, L. L., Friesen, W. V. & Ekman, P. (1991). Emotion, physiology and expression in old age. Psychology and Aging, 6, 28-35.
179. Levenson, R. W., Carstensen, L. L. & Gottman, J. M. (1993). Long-term marriage: Age, gender, and satisfaction. Psychology and Aging, 8, 301-313.
180. Levenson, R. W., Carstensen, L. L. & Gottman, J. M. (1994). The influence of age and gender on affect, physiology, and their interrelations: A study of long-term marriages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 56-68.
181. Locke, H. J. & Wallace, K. M. (1959). Short-term marital adjustment and prediction tests: Their reliability and validity. Marriage and Family Living, 21, 251-255.
182. Long, M. V. & Martin, P. (2000). Personality, relationship closeness, and loneliness of oldest old adults and their children. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B, 311-319.
183. Lopez, S. J. & Snyder, C. R. (Eds.). (2003). Positive psychological assessment. A handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC: APA.
184. Lupien, S. J., Fiocco, A., Wan, N., Maheu, F., Lord, C., Schramek, T. & Tu, M. T. (2005). Stress hormones and human memory function across the lifespan. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 225-242.
185. Lupien, S. J., Nair, N. P., Briere, S., Maheu, F., Tu, M. T., Lemay, M., McEwen, B. S. & Meaney, M. J. (1999). Increased cortisol levels and impaired cognition in human aging: Implication for depression and dementia in later life. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 10, 117-139.
186. Luszczynska, A., Diehl, M., Gutiérrez Doña, B., Kuusinen, P. & Schwarzer, R. (2004). Measuring one component of dispositional self-regulation: Attention control in goal pursuit. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 555-566.
187. Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez-Doña, B. & Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: evidence from five countries. International Journal of Psychology, 40, 80-89.
188. Luszczynska, A. & Schwarzer, R. (2003). Planning and self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of breast self-examination: A longitudinal study on self-regulatory cognitions. Psychology & Health, 18, 93-198.
189. Lynch, T. R., Cheavens, J. S., Morse, J. Q. & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2004). A model predicting suicidal ideation and hopelessness in depressed older adults: The impact of emotion inhibition and affect intensity. Aging and Mental Health, 8, 486-497.
190. Magai, C. & Cohen, C. (1998). Attachment style and emotion regulation in dementia patients and their relation to caregiver burden. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, 147-154.
191. Magai, C., Cohen, C. I., Culver, C., Gomberg, D. & Malatesta, C. (1997). Relation between premorbid personality and patterns of emotion expression in mid- to late-stage dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 1092-1099.
192. Mahler, H. I. M. & Kulik, J. A. (2000). Optimism, pessimism and recovery from coronary bypass surgery: prediction of affect, pain and functional status. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 5, 347-358.
193. Maltby, J., Macaskill, A. & Day, L. (2001). Failure to forgive self and others: A replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability and general health. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 881-885.
194. Martin, M., Grunendahl, M. & Martin, P. (2001). Age differences in stress, social resources, and well-being in middle and older age. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56B, 214-222.
195. Martin, R. A. (1996). The Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ) and Coping Humor Scale (CHS): A decade of research findings. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 251-272.
196. Martin, R. A. (2001). Humor, laughter, and physical health: methodological issues and research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 504-519.
197. Martin, R. A. & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1313-1324.
198. Martin, R. A. & Lefcourt, H. M. (1984). Situational Humor Response Questionnaire: Quantitative measure of sense of humor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 145-155.
199. Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J. & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 48-75.
200. Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
201. Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., Grove, D. C., McBride, A. G. & McKinney, K. E. (1992). The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170-180.
202. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. (2002). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) users manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
203. McAdams, D. P. & de St. Aubin, E. (1992). A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1003-1015.
204. McAdams, D. P., de St. Aubin, E. & Logan, R. L. (1993). Generativity among young, midlife, and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 8, 221-230.
205. McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W. & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586-1603.
206. McCullough, M. E., Worthington, E. L. & Rachal, C. K. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321-336.
207. McHoskey, J. W. (1999). Machiavellianism, intrinsic versus extrinsic goals, and social interest: A self-determination theory analysis. Motivation and Emotion, 23, 267-283.
208. McMullin, J. A. & Cairney, J. (2004). Self-esteem and the intersection of age, class, and gender. Journal of Aging Studies, 18, 75-90.
209. McNair, D. M., Lorr, M. & Droppelman, L. F. (1971). Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
210. Miesen, B. M. L. (1993). Alzheimer's disease, the phenomenon of parent fixation, and Bowlby's attachment theory. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 8, 147-153.
211. Miller, L. M. & Gagne, D. D. (2005). Effects of age and control beliefs on resource allocation during reading. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 12, 129-148.
212. Morgan, D. L. (1988). Age differences in social network participation. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 43, 129-137.
213. Moriwaki, S. Y. (1974). The Affect Balance Scale: A validity study with aged samples. Journal of Gerontology, 29, 73-78.
214. Morris, W. N. & Reilly, N. P. (1987). Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research. Motivation and Emotion, 11, 215-249.
215. Mroczek, D. K. & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 189-202.
216. Mroczek, D. K., Spiro, A., Aldwin, C. M., Ozer, D. J. & Bosse, R. (1993). Construct validation of optimism and pessimism in older men: Findings from the normative aging study. Health Psychology, 12, 406-409.
217. Mullet, E., Barros, J., Frongia, L., Usai, V. & Shafighi, S. R. (2003). Religious involvement and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 71, 1-19.
218. Mullet, E., Houdbine, A., Laumonier, S. & Girard, M. (1998). «Forgivingness»: Factor structure in a sample of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. European Psychologist, 3, 289-297.
219. Musick, M. A., Herzog, A. R. & House, J. S. (1999). Volunteering and mortality among older adults: Findings from a national sample. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54B, 173-180.
220. Musick, M. A. & Wilson, J. (2003). Volunteering and depression: The role of psychological and social resources in different age groups. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 259-269.
221. Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J. & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 135-143.
222. Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E. & McMahon, K. (1999). Volunteerism and mortality among the community-dwelling elderly. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 301-316.
223. Ostendorf, F. & Angleitner, A. (2004). NEO-PI-R. NEO- Persönlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae. Revidierte Fassung. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
224. Ostir, G. V., Ottenbacher, K. J. & Markides, K. S. (2004). Onset of frailty in older adults and the protective role of positive affect. Psychology and Aging, 19, 402-408.
225. Otto, J. H., Döring-Seipel, E., Grebe, M. & Lantermann, E.-D. (2001). Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der wahrgenommenen emotionalen Intelligenz. Aufmerksamkeit auf, Klarheit und Beeinflussbarkeit von Emotionen. Diagnostica, 47, 178-187.
226. Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P., Briner, R. B. & Reynolds, S. (2000). Stimmungen: Struktur, Dynamik und Beeinflussungsmöglichkeiten eines psychologischen Phänomens. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
227. Peterson, C. & Bossio, L. M. (1991). Health and optimism: New research on the relationship between positive thinking and well-being. New York: The Free Press.
228. Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. A handbook and classification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
229. Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. & Vaillant, G. E. (1988). Pessimistic explanatory style is a risk factor for physical illness: A thirty-five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 23-27.
230. Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91, 347-374.
231. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Seligman, M. E. (1982). The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 287-300.
232. Petrides, K. V. & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.
233. Piontkowski, U., Ruppelt, M. & Sandmann, M. (1981). Eine Normierung von Rotters I-E-Skala. Diagnostica, 4, 313-323.
234. Pöhlmann, K. & Brunstein, J. C. (1997). GOALS: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung von Lebenszielen. Diagnostica, 43, 63-79.
235. Prenda, K. M. & Lachman, M. E. (2001). Planning for the future: A life management strategy for increasing control and life satisfaction in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 16, 206-216.
236. Pruessner, J. C., Baldwin, M. W., Dedovic, K., Renwick, R., Mahani, N. K., Lord, C., Meaney, M. & Lupien, S. (2005). Self-esteem, locus of control, hippocampal volume, and cortisol regulation in young and old adulthood. Neuroimage, 28, 815-826.
237. Ranzijn, R., Keeves, J., Luszcz, M. & Feather, N. T. (1998). The role of self-perceived usefulness and competence in the self-esteem of elderly adults: confirmatory factor analyses of the Bachman revision of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53, 96-104.
238. Rauckhorst, L. M. (1987). Health habits of elderly widows. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 13, 19-22.
239. Reschke, F. S., Reschke, K. & Krause, S. (2005). Kurzbericht zur deutschen Version der Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). Universität Leipzig, Institut für Angewandte Psychologie.
240. Resnick, B. (2001). Testing a model of exercise behavior in older adults. Research in Nursing and Health, 24, 83-92.
241. Rholes, W. S., Michas, L. & Shroff, J. (1989). Action control as a vulnerability factor in dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13, 263-274.
242. Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D. & Potter, J. (2002). Global self-esteem across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, 423-434.
243. Robinson-Whelen, S., Kim, C., MacCallum, R. C. & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1997). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1345-1353.
244. Roger, D. & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 845-853.
245. Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
246. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
247. Rothermund, K. & Brandtstädter, J. (1998). Auswirkungen von Belastungen und Verlusten auf die Lebensqualität: Alters- und lebenszeitgebundene Moderationseffekte. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 27, 86-92.
248. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80, 1-28.
249. Ruch, W. (1983). 3 Witz-Dimensionen 3WD. Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Abt. Physiologische Psychologie.
250. Ruch, W. (1992). Assessment of appreciation of humor: Studies with the 3 WD Humor Test. In C. D. Spielberger & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 9, pp. 27-75). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
251. Ruch, W., Köhler, G. & van Thriel, C. (1996). Assessing the «humorous temperament»: Construction of the facet and standard trait forms of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory - STCI. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 303-339.
252. Ruch, W., Köhler, G. & van Thriel, C. (1997a). State-Trait-Heiterkeits-Inventar STHI. Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Abt. Physiologische Psychologie.
253. Ruch, W., Köhler, G. & van Thriel, C. (1997b). To be in good or bad humour: Construction of the state form of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness- Inventory-STCI. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 477-491.
254. Ruch, W., McGhee, P. E. & Hehl, F.-J. (1990). Age differences in the enjoyment of incongruity-resolution and nonsense humor during adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 5, 348-355.
255. Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D. & Fekken, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the Self-Report Altruism Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 293-302.
256. Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C., Nias, D. & Eysenck, H. J. (1989). Ageing and the relation of aggression, altruism and assertiveness scales to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 261-263.
257. Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E. & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American Dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1509-1524.
258. Rye, M. S., Folck, C. D., Heim, T. A., Olszewski, B. T. & Traina, E. (2004). Forgiveness of an ex-spouse: How does it relate to mental health following a divorce? Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 41, 31-51.
259. Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., Folck, C. D., Olszewski, B. T., Heim, T. A. & Madia, B. P. (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 20, 260-277.
260. Sable, P. (1989). Attachment, anxiety, and loss of a husband. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 550-556.
261. Salovey, P. & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.
262. Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C. & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 135-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
263. Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B. & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127-139.
264. Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.
265. Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55, 169-210.
266. Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228.
267. Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (2003). Goals and confidence as self-regulatory elements underlying health and illness behavior. In L. D. Cameron & H. Leventhal (Eds.), The self-regulation of health and illness behavior (pp. 17-41). New York: Routledge.
268. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S. & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
269. Schmidt, S., Strauss, B., Höger, D. & Brähler, E. (2004). Die Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) - Teststatistische Prüfung und Normierung der deutschen Version. Psychotherapie und Psychologische Medizin, 54, 375-382.
270. Schmitz, U., Saile, H. & Nilges, P. (1996). Coping with chronic pain: Flexible goal adjustment as an interactive buffer against pain-related distress. Pain, 67, 41-51.
271. Schmuck, P., Kasser, T. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic goals: Their structure and relationship to well-being in German and U.S. college students. Social Indicators Research, 50, 225-241.
272. Scholz, O. B. (1978). Diagnostik in Ehe- und Partnerschaftskrisen. München: Urban und Schwarzenberg.
273. Scholz, U., Gutierrez Dona, B., Sud, S. & Schwarzer, R. (2002). Is general self-efficacy a universal construct? Psychometric findings from 25 countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18, 242-251.
274. Schröder, K., Schwarzer, R. & Konertz, W. (1998). Coping as a mediator in recovery from cardiac surgery. Psychology and Health, 13, 83-97.
275. Schulz, U. & Schwarzer, R. (2000). Soziale Unterstützung bei der Krankheitsbewältigung: Die Berliner Social-Support Skalen (BSSS). Diagnostica, 49, 73-82.
276. Schumacher, A. (1991). Ein Tagebuchverfahren zur Erfassung sozialer Interaktionen (Mainzer Berichte zur Persönlichkeitsforschung, Nr. 38). Universität Mainz, Institut für Psychologie.
277. Schumacher, J. (2003). SWLS - Satisfaction with Life Scale. In J. Schumacher & A. Klaiberg & E. Brähler (Eds.), Diagnostische Verfahren zu Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden (Diagnostik für Klinik und Praxis) (Band 2, pp. 305-309). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
278. Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J. & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167-177.
279. Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Simunek, M., McKenley, J. & Hollander, S. (2002). Characteristic emotional intelligence and emotional well-being. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 769-785.
280. Schütz, A. (1998). Selbstwertdynamik und Selbstwertregulation: Varianten positiver Selbsteinschätzung zwischen Selbstakzeptanz und Arroganz. Unpublished Habilitationsschrift, Universität Bamberg.
281. Schütz, A. & Sellin, I. (2005). Die multidimensionale Selbstwertskala (MSWS). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
282. Schwarzer, R. (1994). Optimistische Kompetenzerwartung: Zur Erfassung einer personellen Bewältigungsressource. Diagnostica, 40, 105-123.
283. Schwarzer, R. (1998). Optimism, goals, and threats: How to conceptualize self-regulatory processes in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Psychology and Health, 13, 759-766.
284. Schwarzer, R. (1999). Selbstregulation (REG). In R. Schwarzer & M. Jerusalem (Hrsg.), Skalen zur Erfassung von Lehrer- und Schülermerkmalen. Dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahren im Rahmen der Wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs selbstwirksame Schulen (S. 87-89). Berlin: Freie Universität, Institut für Arbeits-, Organisations- und Gesundheitspsychologie.
285. Schwarzer, R. (2001). Social-cognitive factors in changing health-related behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 47-51.
286. Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (1992). Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
287. Schwarzer, R. & Leppin, A. (1989). Sozialer Rückhalt und Gesundheit. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
288. Sellin, I., Schütz, A., Kruglanski, A. W. & Higgins, E. T. (2003). Erfassung von Dimensionen der Selbstregulation: Der Locomotion- Assessment-Fragebogen (LAF). Chemnitz: Technische Universität Chemnitz.
289. Sheldon, K. M. & Kasser, T. (1995). Coherence and congruence: Two aspects of personality integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 531-543.
290. Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. & Kasser, T. (2004). The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It's both what you pursue and why you pursue it. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 475-486.
291. Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
292. Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Free Press.
293. Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
294. Snyder, C. R., Berg, C., Woodward, J. T., Gum, A., Rand, K. L., Wrobleski, K. K., Brown, J. & Hackman, A. (2005). Hope against the cold: Individual differences in trait hope and acute pain tolerance on the cold pressor task. Journal of Personality, 73, 287-312.
295. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M. & Sigmon, D. R. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
296. Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.). (2002). The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
297. Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., Edwards, L. M., Pedrotti, J. T., Prosser, E. C., Walton, S. L., Spalitto, S. V. & Ulven, J. C. (2003). Measuring and labeling the positive and the negative. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment. A handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC: APA.
298. Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A. & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321-335.
299. Snyder, D. K. (1981). Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI). Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
300. Sommer, G. & Fydrich, T. (1989). Soziale Unterstützung. Diagnostik, Konzepte, F-SOZU (DGVT-Materialie Nr. 22). Tübingen: dgvt.
301. Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-28.
302. Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Cameron, C., Bishop, M., Collins, C. A. & Kirk, S. B. (2000). Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 875-882.
303. Starrett, R. H. (1996). Assessment of global social responsibility. Psychological Reports, 78, 535-554.
304. Staudinger, U. M., Freund, A. M., Linden, M. & Maas, I. (1996). Selbst, Persönlichkeit und Lebensgestaltung im Alter: Psychologische Widerstandsfähigkeit und Vulnerabilität. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Hrsg.), Die Berliner Altersstudie (S. 321-350). Berlin: Akademie.
305. Steffanowski, A., Oppl, M., Meyerberg, J., Schmidt, J., Wittmann, W. W. & Nübling, R. (2001). Psychometrische Überprüfung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Relationship Questionnaire (RSQ). In M. Bassler (Hrsg.), Störungsspezifische Ansätze in der stationären Psychotherapie (S. 320-342). Gießen: Psychosozial.
306. Steptoe, A., Wardle, J. & Marmot, M. (2005). Positive affect and health-related neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 102, 6508-6512.
307. Stiensmeier, J., Kammer, D., Pelster, A. & Niketta, R. (1985). Attributionsstil und Bewertung als Risikofaktoren der Depressiven Reaktion. Diagnostica, 31, 300-311.
308. Stöber, J. (1997). Measure of Attachment Qualities - Deutsch (MAQ-D). Unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology.
309. Strauss, F. & Höfer, B. (1998). Die Netzwerkperspektive in der Praxis. In B. Röhrle & G. Sommer & F. Nestmann (Hrsg.), Netzwerkintervention. Fortschritte der Gemeindepsychologie und Gesundheitsförderung (Bd. 2, S. 77-95). Tübingen: dgvt.
310. Svebak, S. (1996). The development of the Sense of Humor Questionnaire: From SHQ to SHQ-6. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 341-361.
311. Svebak, S., Martin, R. A. & Holmen, J. (2004). The prevalence of sense of humor in a large, unselected county population in Norway: Relations with age, sex, and some health indicators. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 17, 121-134.
312. Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F. & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72, 271-322.
313. Tausch, A. (1996). Der «Fragebogen zur Emotionskontrolle» (ECQ2-D): Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Fassung des Emotional Control Questionnaire. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 17, 84-95.
314. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A. & Grotstein, J. (1999). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
315. Thayer, R. E. (1967). Measurement of activation through self-report. Psychological Reports, 20, 663-678.
316. Thayer, R. E. (1996). The origin of everyday moods: Managing energy, tension, and stress. New York: Oxford University Press.
317. Thomae, H. (1992). Contributions of longitudinal research to a cognitive theory of adjustment to aging. European Journal of Personality, 6, 157-175.
318. Thompson, R. A. (1990). Emotion and self-regulation. In R. A. Thompson (Ed.), Socio-emotional development. Vol 36: Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 367-467). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
319. Tice, D. M. & Bratslavsky, E. (2000). Giving in to feel good: The place of emotion regulation in the context of general self-control. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 149-159.
320. Tracy, E. M. & Whittacker, J. K. (1990). The social network map: Assessing social support in clinical practice. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 71, 461-470.
321. Underwood, B. & Froming, W. J. (1980). The mood survey: A personality measure of happy and sad moods. Journal of Personality Assessment, 44, 404-414.
322. Unger, J. B., McAvay, G., Bruce, M. L., Berkman, L. & Seeman, T. (1999). Variation in the impact of social network characteristics on physical functioning in elderly persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54, 245-251.
323. Van Willigen, M. (2000). Differential benefits of volunteering across the life course. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B, 308-318.
324. Vaux, A., Phillips, J., Holly, L., Thompson, B., Williams, D. A. & Stewart, D. G. (1986). The Social Support Appraisal (SS-A) Scale: Studies on reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 195-219.
325. Wagner, M. & Wolf, C. (2001). Altern, Familie und soziales Netzwerk. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 4, 529-554.
326. Wallace, K. A., Bisconti, T. L. & Bergeman, S. (2001). The mediational effect of hardiness on social support and optimal outcomes in later life. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 267-279.
327. Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
328. Watson, D. & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
329. Watson, M. & Greer, S. (1983). Development of a questionnaire measure of emotional control. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 27, 299-305.
330. Webster, J. D. (1997). Attachment style and well-being in elderly adults: A preliminary investigation. Canadian Journal on Aging, 16, 101-111.
331. Wensauer, M. & Grossmann, K. E. (1995). Qualität der Bindungsrepräsentation, soziale Integration und Umgang mit Netzwerkressourcen im höheren Erwachsenenalter. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 28, 444-456.
332. Wensauer, M. & Grossmann, K. E. (1998). Bindungstheoretische Grundlagen subjektiver Lebenszufriedenheit und individueller Zukunftsorientierung im höheren Erwachsenenalter. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 31, 362-370.
333. Werner, R. & Appel, C. (2003). Fragebogen zur Vergebung von McCullough et al. (1998) - deutsche Version. Leipzig: Universität, Institut für Allgemeine Psychologie.
334. Westen, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to social-psychological research. Journal of Personality, 62, 641-667.
335. Westerhof, G. J. & Barrett, A. E. (2005). Age identity and subjective well-being: A comparison of the United States and Germany. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60, 129-136.
336. Westhoff, G. (1993). Handbuch psychosozialer Messinstrumente. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
337. Wheeler, J. A., Gorey, K. M. & Greenblatt, B. (1998). The beneficial effects of volunteering for older volunteers and the people they serve: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 47, 69-79.
338. Wheeler, L. & Nezlek, J. B. (1977). Sex differences in social participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 742-754.
339. WHO. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: WHO.
340. Wieland-Eckelmann, R. & Carver, C. S. (1990). Dispositionelle Bewältigungsstile, Optimismus und Bewältigung: Ein interkultureller Vergleich. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 11, 167-184.
341. Wiendieck, G. (1970). Entwicklung einer Skala zur Messung der Lebenszufriedenheit im höheren Lebensalter. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 3, 215-224.
342. Williams, G. C., Cox, E. M., Hedberg, V. A. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Extrinsic life goals and health-risk behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1756-1771.
343. Wright, B. A. & Lopez, S. J. (2002). Widening the diagnostic focus: A case for including human strengths and environmental resources. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 26-44). New York: Oxford University Press.
344. Wright, L. K., Hickey, J. V., Buckwalter, K. C. & Clipp, E. C. (1995). Human development in the context of aging and chronic illness: The role of attachment in Alzheimer's disease and stroke. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 41, 133-150.