Image reconstruction and quantification in emission tomography;Bildrekonstruktion und quantifizierung in der emissionstomographie

Zeitschrift fur Medizinische Physik

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 19-30

  Mix, Michael ^a   Eschner, Wolfgang ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Iterative image reconstruction; PET; Quantification; SPECT

Indexed keywords

RADIOISOTOPE;

ALGORITHM; CLINICAL PRACTICE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW; SCINTISCANNING; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 33646438673     PISSN: 09393889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1078/0939-3889-00289     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Alenius, S., Routsalainen, U.: Bayesian image reconstruction for emission tomography based on median root prior. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 24 (1997) 258-265
2. Anger, H.O.: Scintillation camera. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 29 (1958) 27-33
3. Anger, H.O., Gottschalk, A.: Localization of brain tumors with the positron scintillation camera. J. Nucl. Med. 4 (1963) 326-330
4. Bergstrøm, M., Eriksson, L., Bohm, C., Blomqvist, G., Litton, J.: Correction for scattered radiation in a ring detector positron camera by integral transformation of the projections. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 7 (1983) 42-50
5. Beyer, T., Kinahan, P.E., Townsend, D.W., et al.: The use of X-ray CT for attenuation correction of PET data. IEEE NSS-MIC 4 (1994) 1573-1577
6. Brasse, D., Kinahan, P.E., Lartizien, C., Comtat, C., Casey, M., Michel, C.: Correction Methods for Random Coincidences in Fully 3D Whole-Body PET: Impact on Data and Image Quality. J. Nucl. Med. 46 (2005) 859-867
7. Brooks, R.A., Di Chiro, G.: Principles of computer assisted tomography (CAT) in radiographic and radioisotopic imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 21 (1976) 689-732
8. Browne, J.A., De Pierro, A.R.: A row-action alternative to the EM algorithm for maximizing likelihoods in emission tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 15 (1996) 687-699
9. Budinger, T.F., Gullberg, G.T., Huesman R.H.: Emission computed tomography. In: Herman GT (Hrsg.): Image Reconstruction from Projections. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1979, S. 147-245
10. rd International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Aix les Bains, France (1995) 67-71
11. Comtat, C., Kinahan, P.E., Fessler, J.A., Beyer, T., Townsend D.W., Defrise, M., Michel, C.: Clinically feasible reconstruction of 3D whole-body PET/CT data using blurred anatomical labels. Phys. Med. Biol. 46 (2001) 1-20
12. Cormack, A. M.: Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some radiological application. J. Appl. Phys. 34 (1963) 2722-2727
13. Daube-Witherspoon, M.E., Muehllehner, G.: Treatment of axial data in threedimensional PET. J. Nucl. Med. 28 (1987) 1717-1724
14. De Pierro, A.R.: A modified expectation maximization algorithm for maximum a posteriori estimates in emission tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 14 (1995) 132-137
15. Defrise, M., et al.: Exact and approximate rebinning algorithms for 3D PET data. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 33 (1986) 601-604
16. Defrise, M., Kinahan, P.E., Michel, C.: Image Reconstruction Algorithms in PET. In: Valk, P.E. et al. (Hrsg.): Positron Emission Tomography - Basic Science and Clinical Practice. Springer, London 2002, S. 91-114
17. Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. Royal Stat. Soc. Ser. B 39 (1977) 1-38
18. Doll, J., Zaers, J., Trojan, H., Bellemann, M.E., Adam, L.E., Haberkorn, U., Brix, G.: Optimierung der Bildqualität von PET-Aufnahmen durch 3D-Datenakquisition und iterative Bildrekonstruktion. Nuklearmedizin 37 (1998) 62-67.
19. Doll, J., Henze, M., Bubliz, O., Werling, A., Adam, L.E., Haberkorn, U., Semmler, W., Brix, G.: High resolution reconstruction of PET images using the iterative OSEM algorithm. Nuklearmedizin 43 (2004) 72-78
20. Eschner, W., Luig, H., Bähre, M., Voth, E., Nolle, G.: Multiplicative iterative SPECT reconstruction (MISR): Enhancement of spatial resolution. Nuklearmedizin 26 (1987) 140
21. Eschner, W., Müller-Schauenburg, W., Schmidlin, P., Fricke, H., Walch, St., Schicha H.: Vergleich iterativer Rekonstruktionsverfahren für die ECT: Die Implementation ist wichtiger als der Algorithmus. Nuklearmedizin 35 (1996) A18
22. Fessler, J.A.: A penalized least-squares image reconstruction for positron emission tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 13 (1994) 290-300
23. Fessler, J.A.: Statistical methods for image reconstruction. IEEE Course at NSS-MIC, 19.10.2004 (http://www.eecs.umich.edu/∼fessler)
24. Gilbert, P.: Iterative methods for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an object from projections. J. Theor. Biol. 36 (1972) 105-117
25. Goitein, M.: Three-dimensional density reconstruction from a series of two-dimensional projections. Nucl. Instr. Meth. 101 (1972) 509-518
26. Gordon, R., et al.: Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). J. Theor. Biol. 29 (1970) 471-481
27. Green, P.J.: Bayesian reconstruction from emission tomography data using a modified EM algorithm. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 9 (1990) 84-93
28. Hatten, R.L., Hutton, B.F., Angelides, S., Choong, K.K., Larcos, G.: Improved tolerance to missing data in myocardial perfusion SPET using OSEM reconstruction. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 31 (2004) 857-861.
29. Hebert, T.J., Leahy, R.: Statistical based MAP image reconstruction from poisson data using Gibbs priors. IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 40 (1992) 2290-2303
30. Herman, G.T., Lent, A., Rowland, S.: ART: Mathematics and applications. A report on the mathematical foundations and on the applicability to real data of the algebraic reconstruction techniques. J. Theor. Biol. 42 (1973) 1-32
31. Herman, G.T.: A relaxation method for reconstructing objects from noisy X-rays. Math. Programming 8 (1975) 1-19
32. Herman, G.T.: Image Reconstruction from Projections. The Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography. Academic Press, New York 1980
33. Herman, G.T., Meyer, L.B.: Algebraic reconstruction techniques can be made computationally efficient. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 12 (1993) 600-609
34. Hoffmann, E.J., Huang, S.C., Phelps, M.E.: Quantitation in positron emission tomography: 1. Effects of object size. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 4 (1979) 299-308
35. Honerkamp, J.: Stochastic Dynamical Systems: Concepts, Numerical Methods, Data Analysis. VCH Publishers, New York 1993
36. Hudson, H.M., Larkin R.S.: Accelerated image reconstruction, using ordered subsets of projection data. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 13 (1994) 601-609
37. Huesman, R.H., Klein, G.J., Moses, W.W., Qi, J., Reutter, B.W., Virador, P.R.G.: List mode maximum likelihood reconstruction applied to positron emission mammography with irregular sampling. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 19 (2000) 532-537
38. Kadrmas, D.J.: LOR-OSEM: statistical PET reconstruction from raw line-of-response histograms. Phys. Med. Biol. 49 (2004) 4731-4744
39. Kinahan, P.E., Townsend, D.W., Beyer, T., Sashin, D.: Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner. Medical Physics 25 (1998) 2046-2053
40. Kuhl, D.E., Edwards, R.Q., Ricci, A.R., Reivich, M.: Quantitative section scanning using orthogonal tangent correction. J. Nucl. Med. 14 (1973) 196-200
41. Lang, T.F., Hasegawa, B.H., Liew, S.C., Brown, J.K., Blankespoor, S.C., Reilly, S.M., Gingold, E.L., Cann, C.E.: Description af a prototype emission-transmission computed tomography imaging system. J. Nucl. Med. 33 (1992) 1881-1887
42. Lange, K., Carson, R.: EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 8 (1984) 306-316
43. Lange, K.: Convergence of EM image reconstruction algorithms with Gibbs smoothing. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 9 (1990) 439-446
44. Louis, A.K.: Inverse und schlecht gestellte Probleme. Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989
45. 18FFDG PET. J. Nucl. Med. 45 (2004) 2008-2015.
46. Luig, H., Eschner, W., Bähre, M., Voth, E., Nolte, G.: Eine iterative Strategie zur Bestimmung der Quellverteilung bei der Einzelphotonen-Tomographie mit einer rotierenden Gammakamera. Nuklearmedizin 27 (1988) 140-146
47. Luig, H., Eschner, W., Nolte, G., Bähre, M., Voth, E.: Multiplicative iterative SPECT reconstruction: An approach to exact absorption correction. In: Csernay, L., Schmidt, H.A.E. (Hrsg.): New Trends and Possibilities in Nuclear Medicine. Schattauer, Stuttgart-New York 1988, S. 101-104
48. Meikle, S.R., Hutton, B.F., Bailey, D.L., Hooper, P.K., Fulham, M.J.: Attenuation correction using count-limited transmission data in positron emission tomography. J. Nucl. Med. 34 (1993) 143-150
49. Meltzer, C.C., Leal, J.P., Mayberg, H.S., Wagner, H.N., Frost, J.J.: Correction of PET data for partial volume effects in human cerebral cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 14 (1990) 561-570
50. Mix, M., Nitzsche, E.U., Peschl, S., Brink, I., Moser, E.: S-3D-OSEM: Entwicklung einer Regularisierung für die iterative PET Emissions-rekonstruktion und Evaluation anhand eines Softwarephantoms und onkologischer Ganzkörperuntersuchungen. Nuklearmedizin 40A (2001) 28(V43)
51. Mix, M., Nitzsche, E.U.: PISAC: a post-injection method for segmented attenuation correction in whole body PET. J. Nucl. Med. 40A (1999) 297
52. Muehllehner, G., Wetzel, R.A.: Section imaging by computer calculation. J. Nucl. Med. 12 (1971) 76-85
53. Müller-Gärtner, H.W., Links, J., Prince, J., Bryan, R.N., McVeigh, E., Leal, J.P., Davatzikos, C., Frost, JJ.: Measurement of radiotracer concentration in brain gray matter using positron emission tomography: MRI-based correction for partial volume effects. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 12 (1992) 571-583.
54. Natterer, F.: Regularization techniques in medical imaging. In: Viergever, M.A., Todd-Pokropek, A. (Hrsg.): Mathematics and Computer Science in Medical Imaging. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1988, S. 127-142
55. Radon, J.: Über die Bestimmung von Funktionen durch ihre Integralwerte entlang gewisser Mannigfaltigkeiten. Ber. Ver. Sächs. Akad. Wiss. Leibzig Math. Phys. K1. 69 (1917) 262-277
56. Rahmim, A., Lenox, M., Reader, A.J., Michel, C., Burbar, Z., Ruth, T.J., Sossi, V.: Statistical list-mode image reconstruction for the high resolution research tomography. Phys. Med. Biol. 49 (2004) 4239-4258
57. Rankowitz, S., Robertson, J.S., Hihinbotham, W.A., Rosenblum, M.J.: Positron scanner for locating brain tumors. Proc. IRE Int. Conv. Rec. 9 (1962) 45-49
58. Riddell, C., Carson, R.E., Carrasquillo, J.A., Libutti, S.K., Danforth, D.N., Whatley, M., et al.: Noise reduction in oncology FDG PET images by iterative reconstruction: a quantitative assessment. J. Nucl. Med. 42 (2001) 1316-1323.
59. Rockmore, A.J., Macovski, A.: A maximum likelihood approach to emission image reconstruction from projection. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 23 (1976) 1428-1432
60. Rousset, O.G., Ma, Y., Evans, A.C.: Correction for partial volume effects in PET: principle and validation. J. Nucl. Med. 39 (1998) 904-911
61. Schmidlin, P.: Iterative separation of sections in tomographic scintigrams. Nuklearmedizin 11 (1972) 1-16
62. Schmidlin, P., Bellemann, M.E., Brix, G.: Iterative reconstruction of PET images using a high-overrelaxation single-projection algorithm. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 21 (1994) 930-936.
63. Shepp, L.A., Vardi, Y.: Maximum likelihood reconstruction for emission tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 1 (1982) 113-121
64. Townsend, D.W., Bendriem, B.: Introduction to 3D PET. In: Bendriem, B.. Townsend, D.W. (Hrsg): The theory and practice of 3D PET. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1998, S. 1-10
65. Wallis, J., Miller, T.R.: An optimal rotator for iterative reconstruction. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 16 (1997) 118-123
66. Watson, C.C., Newport, D., Casey, M.E.: A single scatter simulation technique for scatter correction in three-dimensional PET. In: Grangeat, P., Amans, J.L. (Hrsg.): Three-dimensional image reconstruction in radiology and nuclear medicine. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1996, S. 255-268
67. Wells, R.G., Farncombe, T., Chang, E., Nicholson, R.L.: Reducing bladder artifacts in clinical pelvic SPECT images. J. Nucl. Med. 45 (2004) 1309-1314.
68. Wienhard, K., Eriksson, L., Grootoonk, S., Casey, M., Pietrzyk, U., Heiss, W.D.: Performance evaluation of the positron scanner ECAT EXACT. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 16 (1992) 804-813
69. Yavuz, M., Fessler, J.A.: Objective functions for tomographic reconstruction from randoms-precorrected PET scans. IEEE NSS-MIC 2 (1996) 1067-1071
70. Young, H.: Measurement of clinical and subclinical tumour response using 18F FDG and PET: Review and 1999 EORT (Standardized Uptake Value: SUV). Eur. J. Cancer 35 (1999) 1773-1782