The return of the Russian Odysseus: Pastoral dreams and rude awakenings

Russian Review

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 448-474

  Newlin, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 33646400078     PISSN: 00360341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/131794     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Translations, unless otherwise indicated, are mine. For a detailed history of Nekrasov's epistolary impromptu see Vladimir Markov, "Istoriia odnikh tochek," Russian Literature and American Critics. Michigan Papers in Slavic Philology 4 (Ann Arbor, 1984), 357-64. The misspelling of Gutenberg's name is Nekrasov's
2. Alexander Pushkin, Collected Narrative and Lyrical Poetry, trans. Walter Arndt (Ann Arbor, 1984), 453-54
3. Alexander Pushkin, Collected Narrative and Lyrical Poetry, Ibid., 454. I have emended Arndt's translation somewhat
4. A. T. Bolotov, Zhizn' i prikliucheniia Andreia Bolotova, opisannye samim im dlia svoikh potomkov, 4 vols. (St. Petersburg, 1870-73; supplement to Russkaia starina), vol. 2, columns 302-3. This particular passage was written in 1801. All subsequent references are to this edition and will be given in the text by volume and column number
5. Chatskii, of course, returned home to a city, rather than a country estate. But the city in question - Moscow - was already known as "a big village" and had a reputation as a stronghold of the traditional values of pre-Petrine Rus'. See Sidney Monas, "St. Petersburg and Moscow as Cultural Symbols," in Art and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Russia, ed. Theofanis George Stavrou (Bloomington, 1983), 29
6. Act 4, scene 3. The translation is F. D. Reeve's in Russian Plays, vol. 1 (New York, 1961), 148
7. A. T. Bolotov, Pis'ma Andreia Bolotova 1760 goda, Manuscript Division, Russian National Library (RNL), St. Petersburg, f. 89, d. 110, pp. 20-21
8. Bolotov, Pis'ma k Tulub'evu (1760-61), Manuscript Division, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii dom), f. 537, d. 29, folios 93-94
9. This dilemma, while felt with particular acuteness by educated Russians in the latter half of the eighteenth century, is to a great extent common to all pastoral. For a fascinating analysis of this problem in a very different context see Leo Marx, "Susan Sontag's 'New Left' Pastoral: Notes on Revolutionary Pastoralism in America," in his The Pilot and the Passenger (Oxford, 1988), 291-314
10. Antiokh Kantemir, Sobranie stikhotvorenii (Leningrad, 1956), 147
11. Marc Raeff, Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia (New York, 1966), 31-32
12. Bolotov, Zhizn' i prikliucheniia 2:491. The archaic " chernoknizhnik" (literally "blackbooker") suggests very succinctly the then prevalent belief in the connection between reading and evil
13. Bolotov, "Mysli o neokhote k chitaniiu knig. Izobrazhennye v pis'me ili pache v zaochnom razgovore s odnim priiatelem v 1765 godu," in Zabavy zhivushchego v derevne (1791), Manuscript Division, RNL, f. 89, d. 64, pp. 7-13
14. "Melodor k Filaletu," in N. M. Karamzin, Sochineniia v dvukh tomakh (Leningrad, 1984), 2:180
15. Act 3, scene 21. Translation by F. D. Reeve in Russian Plays, 142-43
16. W. Gareth Jones, Nikolay Novikov, Enlightener of Russia (Cambridge, Eng., 1984), 109
17. Jones gives an extremely penetrating account of the ambivalence that educated Russians felt toward Rousseau, and discusses in much greater detail the paradoxical appeal that Rousseau held for anti-Western obscurantists (see "The Shadow of Rousseau," ibid., 105-10)
18. See also Iurii Lotman, "Russo i russkaia kul'tura XVIII veka," in Epokha prosveshcheniia (Leningrad, 1967), 208-81
19. as well as his "Russo i russkaia kul'tura XVIII veka - nachala XIX veka," in Zhan-Zhak Russo, Traktaty (Moscow, 1969), 555-604
20. G. A. Gukovskii, Ocherki po istorii russkoi literatury XVIII veka. Dvorianskaia fronda v literature 1750-1770-kh gg. (Leningrad, 1936), 93-94
21. N. M. Karamzin, A Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia, trans. Richard Pipes (Cambridge, MA, 1959), 123-24
22. G. S. Vinskii, Moe vremia. Zapiski (St. Petersburg, 1914), 130-31
23. See E. Shchepkina, Starinnye pomeshchiki na sluzhbe i doma. Iz semeinoi khroniki (1578-1762) (St. Petersburg, 1890), 211-12
24. James L. Rice, "The Memoirs of A. T. Bolotov and Russian Literary History," in Russian Literature in the Age of Catherine the Great (Oxford, 1976), 21
25. and Thomas Newlin, "The Voice in the Garden: Andrei Bolotov and the Anxieties of Russian Pastoral, 1738-1833" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1994), 31-32
26. M. M. Bakhtin, "Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel," in The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin, 1981), 145
27. Bakhtin M.M., The Dialogic Imagination, Ibid., 135
28. Marcus Aurelius' To Myself first appeared in Russian in 1740 and was reprinted five times over the course of the century, in 1740, 1760, 1775, 1789, and 1798. See Svodnyi katalog russkoi knigi grazhdanskoi pechati XVIII veka (SK) (Moscow, 1962), no. 45-50. Anthologies consisting of selected passages from Seneca's letters (Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium) came out in 1765 and 1783 (SK, 6439, 6441). Various redactions of Augustine's Confessions, as well as certain of his other autobiographical works (for instance, his De Agone Christiano) appeared during the 1780s and 1790s (SK, 14-21). Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy came out in 1794 (SK, 717). Numerous other examples of translated soliloquia - for instance, the pseudo-Augustinian Soliloquia animae ad Deum - can be found in the Svodnyi katalog
29. Bakhtin, "Forms of Time," 145
30. S. A. Vengerov, Kritiko-biograficheskii slovar' russkikh pisatelei i uchenykh (St. Petersburg, 1897), 107
31. Bakhtin, "Forms of Time," 134
32. The translation is Harold Segel's, with slight alterations. See his The Literature of Eighteenth-Century Russia, vol. 1 (New York, 1967), 163
33. Ezhemesiachnyia sochineniia k pol'ze i uveseleniiu sluzhashchie (December 1757): 533 (emphasis added)
34. "O uedinenii," in Poleznoe uveselenie (December 1761): 204
35. Dnevniki V. A. Zhukovskogo (St. Petersburg, 1901), 5-10
36. Konstantin Batiushkov, Sochineniia v dvukh tomakh (Moscow, 1989), 2:49-51
37. Konstantin Batiushkov, Sochineniia v dvukh tomakh,. Ibid., 269 (emphasis added)
38. Renato Poggioli, The Oaten Flute (Cambridge, MA, 1975), 2
39. Batiushkov, Sochineniia 2:27
40. Batiushkov, Sochineniia, Ibid., 308
41. L. N. Maikov, "O zhizni i sochineniiakh K. N. Batiushkova," in Sochineniia K. N. Batiushkova, vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1887), 84-86
42. Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky: The Seeds of Revolt, 1821-1849 (Princeton, 1976), 311
43. Maikov, "O zhizni," 309-10
44. Several of them have been reproduced (in color) in Risunki russkikh pisatelei XVII-nachala XX veka (Moscow, 1988), 80-82