Water and electrolyte needs for football training and match-play

Journal of Sports Sciences

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 699-707

  Shirreffs, Susan M ^a   Sawka, Michael N ^b   Stone, Michael ^c  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b U S ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MANCHESTER UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Electrolyte balance; Hydration; Sodium; Sweating; Water balance

Indexed keywords

SODIUM;

ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BODY MASS; ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; ENDURANCE; FLUID BALANCE; FLUID INTAKE; FOOTBALL; HUMAN; METABOLIC RATE; MONITORING; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; SKILL; SODIUM URINE LEVEL; SWEATING; TEAM SPORT; TRAINING; WATER LOSS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DEHYDRATION; EXERTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SOCCER; SWEATING; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

EID: 33646395710     PISSN: 02640414     EISSN: 1466447X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02640410500482677     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bergeron, M. (1996) Heat cramps during tennis: A case report International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 6, pp. 62-68.
2. Bergeron, M. (2003) Heat cramps: Fluid and electrolyte challenges during tennis in the heat Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6, pp. 19-27.
3. Broad, E. and Burke, L. and Cox, G. and Heeley, P. and Riley, M. (1996) Body weight changes and voluntary fluid intakes during training and competition sessions in team sports International Journal of Sports Nutrition, 6, pp. 307-320.
4. Brockbank, E. (1929) Miner's cramp British Medical Journal, I, pp. 65-66.
5. Burke, L. (1997) Fluid balance during team sports Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, pp. 287-295.
6. Burke, L. (2005) Fluid balance testing for elite team athletes: An interview with Dr. Susan Shirreffs International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 15, pp. 323-327.
7. Burke, L. and Hawley, J. (1997) Fluid balance in team sports: Guidelines for optimal practices Sports Medicine, 24, pp. 38-54.
8. Cheuvront, S. and Carter, R., III and Sawka, N. (2003) Fluid balance and endurance performance Current Sports Medicine Reports, 2, pp. 202-208.
9. Cheuvront, S. and Carter, R., III and Castellani, J. and Sawka, M. (2005) Hypohydration impairs endurance exercise performance in temperate but not cold air Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, pp. 1972-1976.
10. Costa, F. and Calloway, D. and Margen, S. (1969) Regional and total body sweat composition of men fed controlled diets American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 22, pp. 52-58.
11. Coyle, E. (2004) Fluid and fuel intake during exercise Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, pp. 39-55.
12. Leiper, J. and Prentice, A. and Wrightson, C. and Maughan, R. (2001) Gastric emptying of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink during a soccer match Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, pp. 1932-1938.
13. Lemon, P. and Yarasheski, K. and Dolny, D. (1986) Validity/reliability of sweat analysis by whole-body washdown vs. regional collections Journal of Applied Physiology, 61, pp. 1967-1971.
14. (1981) Geigy scientific tables. Vol. 1. Units of measurement, body fluids, composition of the body, nutrition 8th edn. Basle: Ciba-Geigy.
15. Mao, I. and Chen, M. and Ko, Y. (2001) Electrolyte loss in sweat and iodine deficiency in a hot environment Archives of Environmental Health, 56, pp. 271-277.
16. Maughan, R. and Leiper, J. (1994) Fluid replacement requirements in soccer Journal of Sports Sciences, 12, pp. S29-S34.
17. Maughan, R. and Merson, S. and Broad, N. and Shirreffs, S. (2004) Fluid and electrolyte intake and loss in elite soccer players during training International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 14, pp. 333-346.
18. Maughan, R. and Shirreffs, S. and Merson, S. and Horswill, C. (2005) Fluid and electrolyte balance in elite male football (soccer) players training in a cool environment Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, pp. 63-79.
19. McGregor, S. and Nicholas, C. and Lakomy, H. and Williams, C. (1999) The influence of intermittent high-intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the performance of a soccer skill Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, pp. 895-903.
20. Montain, S. and Cheuvront, S. and Sawka, M. (2006) Exercise-associated hyponatremia: Quantitative analyses for understanding etiology and prevention British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, pp. 98-106.
21. Montain, S. and Maughan, R. and Sawka, M. (1996) Fluid replacement strategies for exercise in hot weather Athletic Therapy Today, 1, pp. 34-37.
22. Oswald, R. (1925) Saline drink in industrial fatigue Lancet, 1, pp. 1369.
23. Patterson, M. and Galloway, S. and Nimmo, M. (2000) Variations in regional sweat composition in normal human males Experimental Physiology, 85, pp. 869-875.
24. Shirreffs, S. and Aragon-Vargas, L. and Chamorro, M. and Maughan, R. and Serratosa, L. and Zachwieja, J. (2005) The sweating response of elite professional soccer players to training in the heat International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26, pp. 90-95.
25. Shirreffs, S. and Armstrong, L. and Cheuvront, S. (2004) Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, pp. 57-63.
26. Shirreffs, S. and Maughan, R. (1997) Whole body sweat collection in man: An improved method with preliminary data on electrolyte content Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, pp. 336-341.
27. Shirreffs, S. and Maughan, R. (1998) Urine osmolality and conductivity as indices of hydration status in athletes living and training in the heat Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, pp. 1598-1602.
28. Stofan, J. and Zachwieja, J. and Horswill, C. and Lacambra, M. and Murray, R. and Eichner, E. (2003) Sweat and sodium losses in NCAA Division 1 football players with a history of whole-body muscle cramping Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, pp. S48.
29. Van Heyningen, R. and Weiner, J. (1952) A comparison of arm-bag sweat and body sweat Journal of Physiology, 116, pp. 395-403.