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1
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33646260375
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"The Concept of Foreign Policy"
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accessed April 25
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"The Concept of Foreign Policy," at , accessed April 25, 2004.
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(2004)
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2
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33646256480
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Note
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No clear-cut consensus exists among Mongolian and international scholars on the geographical or political definition of the Northeast Asian region. However, most researchers see Russia, China, Mongolia, Japan, South Korea (Republic of Korea, ROK), and North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK) as the Northeast Asian countries.
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3
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33646242428
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On September 21, at a U.N. General Assembly general debate, the Mongolian foreign minister suggested creating a dialogue mechanism to discuss regional security issues among Northeast Asian governments
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On September 21, 2001, at a U.N. General Assembly general debate, the Mongolian foreign minister suggested creating a dialogue mechanism to discuss regional security issues among Northeast Asian governments.
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(2001)
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4
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0842295200
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Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia, (Ulaanbaatar: Admon Publishers
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Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia, Foreign Policy Blue Book (Ulaanbaatar: Admon Publishers, 2000), pp. 27-28.
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(2000)
Foreign Policy Blue Book
, pp. 27-28
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5
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33646251037
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Historical relations between Mongols and Koreans
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Mongolians and Koreans have acknowledged their ethnic and cultural ties for centuries. There was considerable intermarriage among Mongolian and Korean elites in the 13th century. Koreans beleive their ancestors came from Mongolia; they see the "blue spot" or "Mongol spotseen on the back of every newborn Korean child as a symbol of this ethnic heritage. Ch. Dalai, Mongol-Solongosyn ertnii tuuhen hariltsaa (Ulaanbaatar: Academy of Science of Mongolia
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Mongolians and Koreans have acknowledged their ethnic and cultural ties for centuries. There was considerable intermarriage among Mongolian and Korean elites in the 13th century. Koreans beleive their ancestors came from Mongolia; they see the "blue spot" or "Mongol spotseen on the back of every newborn Korean child as a symbol of this ethnic heritage. Ch. Dalai, Mongol-Solongosyn ertnii tuuhen hariltsaa [Historical relations between Mongols and Koreans] (Ulaanbaatar: Academy of Science of Mongolia, 1998), p. 9.
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(1998)
, pp. 9
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6
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33646243145
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"Kim Ir Sen ba Mongol"
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Both Kim Il Sung and Kim Dae Jung specifically emphasized the historical relationship between Mongolians and Koreans during their visits to Mongolia in 1986 and 1999, respectively. paper presented at the "Mongolia and the Cold War" International Workshop, Ulaanbaatar, March
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Both Kim Il Sung and Kim Dae Jung specifically emphasized the historical relationship between Mongolians and Koreans during their visits to Mongolia in 1986 and 1999, respectively. K. Demberel, "Kim Ir Sen ba Mongol" [Kim Il Sung and Mongolia], paper presented at the "Mongolia and the Cold War" International Workshop, Ulaanbaatar, March 2004, p. 5
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(2004)
, pp. 5
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Demberel, K.1
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7
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33646254532
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and Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia, Information Bulletin of Foreign Relations
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and Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia, Information Bulletin of Foreign Relations, no. 13, 1999, p. 10.
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(1999)
, Issue.13
, pp. 10
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8
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33646264445
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Note
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The North Korean nuclear crisis reemerged after the U.S. stated publicly that Pyongyang had acknowledged having a nuclear weapons program to U.S. Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly in October 2002. In December the DPRK announcad that it was unfreezing its nuclear facilities: official seals were cut, and surveillance cameras installed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were removed. Increasingly provocative actions by the U.S. and North Korea have escalated the crisis; Pyongyang's expulsion of IAEA inspectors and withdrawal from the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) further complicated the situation.
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9
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33646268941
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"Kim Ir Sen ba Mongol"
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Archive documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Mongolia, as cited in Demberel
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Archive documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Mongolia, as cited in Demberel, "Kim Ir Sen ba Mongol," p. 5.
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10
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33646268941
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"Kim Ir Sen ba Mongol"
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Archive documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Mongolia, as cited in Demberel
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Ibid., pp. 2-5.
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11
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0842305281
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"Mongolian-Russian Relations in the Past Decade"
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(November/December)
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Tsedendamba Batbayar, "Mongolian-Russian Relations in the Past Decade," Asian Survey 43:6 (November/December 2003), p. 955.
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(2003)
Asian Survey
, vol.43
, Issue.6
, pp. 955
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Batbayar, T.1
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12
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33646261073
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"Solongosyn Hoig: Shine Nuhtsul Baidal"
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[Newly emerging situation on the Korean Peninsula], Strategi Sudlal [Strategic Studies ], no. 1 (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies)
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S. Bayar "Solongosyn Hoig: Shine Nuhtsul Baidal" [Newly emerging situation on the Korean Peninsula], Strategi Sudlal [Strategic Studies ], no. 1 (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 1997), p. 26.
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(1997)
, pp. 26
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Bayar, S.1
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13
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33646240270
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"Mongol uls-BNSU-yn hariltsan nuhsun hamtyn ajillagaa, hugjliin tunshlel"
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[Mutually complementary cooperation and partnership for development between Mongolia and ROK], Zuun Hoid Aziin Tuluv baidal ba Mongol Uls [The current situation and perspectives of Northeast Asia and Mongolia] (Ulaanbaatar: Asia Research Center, National University of Mongolia
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D. Ulambayar, "Mongol uls-BNSU-yn hariltsan nuhsun hamtyn ajillagaa, hugjliin tunshlel" [Mutually complementary cooperation and partnership for development between Mongolia and ROK], Zuun Hoid Aziin Tuluv baidal ba Mongol Uls [The current situation and perspectives of Northeast Asia and Mongolia] (Ulaanbaatar: Asia Research Center, National University of Mongolia, 2003), p. 180.
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(2003)
, pp. 180
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Ulambayar, D.1
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14
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33646241928
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"Joint Statement of Mongolia and Republic of Korea"
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See Gadaad Hariltsaa Medeellin Tovhimol [Information Bulletin of the Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia]
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See "Joint Statement of Mongolia and Republic of Korea," Gadaad Hariltsaa Medeellin Tovhimol [Information Bulletin of the Ministry of External Relations of Mongolia], no. 13 (1999), pp. 5-6.
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(1999)
, Issue.13
, pp. 5-6
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15
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33646264707
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Mongolia's Foreign Policy in the 1990s: New Identity and New Challenges
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[Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies)
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Tsedendamba Batbayar, Mongolia's Foreign Policy in the 1990s: New Identity and New Challenges [Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002), p. 209.
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(2002)
, pp. 209
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Batbayar, T.1
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16
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33646252397
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However, during the Mongolian prime minister's visit to Pyongyang, the North Korean side explained that the primary reason for closing the embassy was related to financial constraints
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However, during the Mongolian prime minister's visit to Pyongyang, the North Korean side explained that the primary reason for closing the embassy was related to financial constraints. Gadaad Hariltsaa Medeellin Tovhimol, no. 24 (1999)., p. 2.
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(1999)
Gadaad Hariltsaa Medeellin Tovhimol
, Issue.24
, pp. 2
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17
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33646244188
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[Today], November 6
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Unuudur [Today], November 6, 1999.
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(1999)
Unuudur
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19
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33646237490
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[Century News] November 22
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Zuuny Medee [Century News], November 22, 2003.
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(2003)
Zuuny Medee
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20
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33646248539
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August 10
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Montsame News, August 10, 2004
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(2004)
Montsame News
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21
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33646256956
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also UB Post, December 23, 2004, accessed February 15
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also UB Post, December 23, 2004, , accessed February 15, 2006.
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(2006)
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22
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33646269422
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Note
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Successor of the former Intergovernmental Commission for Economic, Scientific, and Technical Cooperation.
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23
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33646254777
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"North Korea Interested in Green Wall Program of Mongolia"
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UB Post, May 19, 2005, accessed May 25
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"North Korea Interested in Green Wall Program of Mongolia," UB Post, May 19, 2005, , accessed May 25, 2005.
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(2005)
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26
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33646229456
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"Prospects for Political and Security Cooperation in Northeast Asia"
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Occasional Paper (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic. Studies)
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Suren Badral, "Prospects for Political and Security Cooperation in Northeast Asia," Fifth Symposium on Northeast Asian Security, Occasional Paper, no. 15 (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic. Studies, 2002), p. 19.
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(2002)
Fifth Symposium on Northeast Asian Security
, Issue.15
, pp. 19
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Badral, S.1
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27
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Note
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Priorities of these interests may be defined in different orders by different agencies or people.
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28
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33646264940
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"The Political Process in Northeast Asia and Mongolia's Challenge"
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paper presented at the U.S.-Mongolian bilateral conference, February 28-March 1 Washington, D.C
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Robert A. Scalapino, "The Political Process in Northeast Asia and Mongolia's Challenge," paper presented at the U.S.-Mongolian bilateral conference, February 28-March 1, 2005, Washington, D.C.
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(2005)
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Scalapino, R.A.1
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29
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33646260613
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"Of Horsemen and Hermits"
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Then-Asia Foundation head Professor Stephen Noerper authored a lengthy essay on Mongolia's potential contribution on DPRK issues that sparked extensive discussion in Mongolia's policy making sphere. June 5 later re-printed as "Of Horsemen and Hermits: Mongolia, North Korea, and the New Security Architecture in Northeast Asia," in New Northeast Asia Security Initiatives: Cooperation for Regional Development and Security, ed. Ikegami (Stockholm: Center for Pacific Asia Studies, Stockholm University, 2003)
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Then-Asia Foundation head Professor Stephen Noerper authored a lengthy essay on Mongolia's potential contribution on DPRK issues that sparked extensive discussion in Mongolia's policy making sphere. Stephen E. Noerper, "Of Horsemen and Hermits," Mongol Messenger, June 5, 2002, p. 5, later re-printed as "Of Horsemen and Hermits: Mongolia, North Korea, and the New Security Architecture in Northeast Asia," in New Northeast Asia Security Initiatives: Cooperation for Regional Development and Security, ed. Ikegami (Stockholm: Center for Pacific Asia Studies, Stockholm University, 2003).
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(2002)
Mongol Messenger
, pp. 5
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Noerper, S.E.1
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30
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33646250091
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"Mongolia in 2003"
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"Third Neighbor(s)" is a collective community of democracies supporting Mongolia's transformation, the leading position of which increasingly belongs to the USA. ed. Charles E. Morrison, Asia Pacific Agenda Project, Tokyo
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"Third Neighbor(s)" is a collective community of democracies supporting Mongolia's transformation, the leading position of which increasingly belongs to the USA. Munkh-Ochir Dorjjugder, "Mongolia in 2003," in Asia Pacific Security Outlook 2004, ed. Charles E. Morrison, Asia Pacific Agenda Project, Tokyo, 2004.
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(2004)
Asia Pacific Security Outlook 2004
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Dorjjugder, M.-O.1
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31
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33646250574
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[Daily News], November 15
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Udriin sonin [Daily News], November 15, 2003.
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(2003)
Udriin Sonin
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32
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33646264444
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.
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33
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33646229946
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"Engaging China: The View from Korea"
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eds. Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (London: Routledge)
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Victor D. Cha, "Engaging China: The View from Korea," in Engaging China, eds. Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 36.
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(1999)
Engaging China
, pp. 36
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Cha, V.D.1
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35
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33646239977
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Note
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In May 2001, the Mongolian foreign minister sent letters to the regional foreign ministers, emphasizing the need for multilateral dialogue among them. Later, in July that year, he expressed this position at the 8th ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Ministerial Meeting in Hanoi.
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36
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33646234373
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"Stability and Prosperity of the Northeast Asia"
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speech at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), October 2003, [Strategic Studies], no. 1 (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies)
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N. Enkhbayar, "Stability and Prosperity of the Northeast Asia," speech at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), October 2003, Strategi Sudlal [Strategic Studies], no. 1 (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 2004), pp. 7-8.
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(2004)
Strategi Sudlal
, pp. 7-8
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Enkhbayar, N.1
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37
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33646271509
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speech at the SIPRI
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N. Enkhbayar, speech at the SIPRI.
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Enkhbayar, N.1
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39
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33646244648
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Interview with North Korean Ambassador Pak Jong Do (Ulaanbaatar), June 29
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Interview with North Korean Ambassador Pak Jong Do, UB Post (Ulaanbaatar), June 29, 2005.
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(2005)
UB Post
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40
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33646245586
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"Rise of Great Powers: History and Theory"
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Randall L. Schweller, "Rise of Great Powers: History and Theory," in Engaging China, p. 36.
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Engaging China
, pp. 36
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Schweller, R.L.1
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41
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33646246337
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Note
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The term "comprehensive partnership," coined during the 2005 summit of the heads of states, connotes the vision that the two nations should engage in all-rounded cooperation by developing closer ties in political, security, economic, and social spheres of relations, and not merely succumb to strategic collaboration ala treaty alliances. However, as the geographical and economic gap between Mongolia and the U.S. remains, political and security fields will, in the foreseeable future, retain the say in such a partnership.
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33646245811
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Note
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KEDO is an international organization established to advance the implementation of the October 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and the DPRK. KEDO has served as a unique vehicle for implementing energy-related projects in the DPRK and, more broadly, for supporting international nuclear non-proliferation efforts and peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. The Four Party Talks was proposed by the South Korean government in 1996, bringing together the two Koreas and the United States and China. Following the number of preparatory talks, one high-level session among the four took place in 1997. North Korea's dogged insistence on regarding the Four Party Talks as negotiations between it and the U.S., with South Korea and China sitting in as observers, was the main reason the 1997 talks fizzled out.
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43
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33646235318
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"The Interaction between Northeast Asian Cooperation and Chinese Development Strategy"
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ed. Lhamsurengiin Nyamtseren (Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian Development Research Center
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Li Dongyan, "The Interaction between Northeast Asian Cooperation and Chinese Development Strategy," Political, Security, Economics, and Infrastructure Factors of Economic Cooperation in the Northeast Asia, ed. Lhamsurengiin Nyamtseren (Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian Development Research Center, 2002), p. 30.
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(2002)
Political, Security, Economics, and Infrastructure Factors of Economic Cooperation in the Northeast Asia
, pp. 30
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Dongyan, L.1
|