Impacts of breeding on international collaborative wheat improvement

Journal of Agricultural Science

Volumn 144, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 3-17

  Reynolds, M P ^a   Borlaug, N E ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL MAIZE AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CENTER CIMMYT   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BREEDING; DISEASE CONTROL; LEACHATE; WHEAT;

BRAZIL; MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; NORTH AMERICA; SOUTH AMERICA;

HORDEUM VULGARE SUBSP. VULGARE; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33646257305     PISSN: 00218596     EISSN: 14695146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859606005867     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. BAILEY, R. (2000). Billions served. Who has saved more human lives? Reason, April 2000.
2. BORLAUG, N. E. (1971). The Green Revolution, peace, and humanity. Lecture on the Occasion of the Award of the Nobel Peace Prize for 1970, pp. 226-245. Oslo, Norway, 11 December, 1970. Stockholm: Kungl. Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & Söner.
3. BORLAUG, N. E. (2003). The Green Revolution, its origins and contributions to world agriculture. Journal of Bioresource Sciences 4, 11-22.
4. BORLAUG, N. E. & DOWSWELL, C. R. (2005). Feeding a world of ten billion people: A 21st Century Challenge. In The Wake of the Double Helix: from the Green Revolution to the Gene Revolution, Proceedings of the International Congress (Eds R. Tuberosa, R. L. Phillips & M. Gale), pp. 11-24. Bologna, Italy, 27-31 May 2003.
5. BRAUN, H.-J. & SAULESCU, N. B. (2002). Winter wheat. In Plant Production and Protection Services 30 (Eds B. S. Curtis, S. Rajaram & H. Gomez Macpherson). Rome: FAO.
6. BRAUN, H. J., PFEIFFER, W. H. & POLLMER, W. G. (1992). Environments for selecting widely adapted spring wheat. Crop Science 32, 1420-1427.
7. BYERLEE, D. (1994). Modern Varieties, Productivity, and Sustainability: Recent Experience and Emerging Challenges. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
8. BYERLEE, D. & MOYA, P. (1993). Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1966-90. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
9. CALDWELL, R. M., ROBERTS, J. J. & EYAL, Z. (1970). General (slow rusting) resistance to Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in winter and spring wheats. Phytopathology 60, 1287.
10. CECCARELLI, S. (1984). Utilization of landraces and Hordeum spontaneum in barley breeding for dry areas at ICARDA. Rachis 3, 8-11.
11. CECCARELLI, S. (1987). Yield potential and drought tolerance of segregating populations of barley in contrasting environments. Euphytica 36, 265-273.
12. CECCARELLI, S. (1994). Specific adaptation and breeding for marginal conditions. Euphytica 77, 205-219.
13. CECCARELLI, S. & MEKNI, M. S. (1985). Barley breeding for areas receiving less than 250 mm annual rainfall. Rachis 4, 3-9.
14. CECCARELLI, S., GRANDO, S. & VAN LEUR, J. A. G. (1987). Genetic diversity in barley landraces from Syria and Jordan. Euphytica 36, 389-405.
15. CECCARELI, S., GRANDO, S. & IMPIGLIA, A. (1998). Choice of selection strategy in breeding barley for stress environments. Euphytica 103, 307-318.
16. CECCARELLI, S., GRANDO, S., BAILEY, E., AMRI, A., EL-FELAH, M., NASSIF, F., REZGUI, S. & YAHYAOUI, A. (2001). Farmer participation in barley breeding in Syria, Morocco and Tunisia. Euphytica 122, 521-536.
17. CHEN, T. Y., SKOVMAND, B. S., RAJARAM, S. & REYNOLDS, M. P. (1998). Novel source of increased spike fertility in wheat multi-seeded flowers. In Agronomy Abstracts, 90th ASA. 18-22 October, Baltimore, MD.
18. CIMMYT. (2004). Perspectives on CIMMYT's Future: A Summary of External Stakeholder Consultations Conducted for Strategic Planning at CIMMYT. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
19. CONWAY, G. (1997). The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for All in the 21st Century. London: Penguin books.
20. COOPER, D., VELLVÉ, R. & HOBBELINK, H. (1992). Growing Diversity: Genetic Resources and Local Food Security. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
21. COX, T. S. (1991). The contribution of introduced germplasm to the development of U.S. wheat cultivars. In Use of Plant Introductions in Cultivar Development (Eds H. L. Shands & L. E. Wiesner) Part 1. Special Publication No. 17. Madison, WI: CSSA.
22. Curtis, B. C., Rajaram, S. & Gómez Macpherson, H. (Eds) (2002). Breeding for disease resistance in wheat. In Bread Wheat Improvement and Production, p. 554. Roma: FAO.
23. DAMANIA, A. B. (1990). Evaluation and documentation of genetic resources in cereals. Advances in Agronomy 44, 87-111.
24. DAS, M. K., RAJARAM, S., MUNDT, C. C. & KRONSTAD, W. E. (2004). Number of genes controlling slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in five spring wheat cultivars. Annals of Applied Biology 145, 91-94.
25. DIAZ DE ACKERMANN, M. & KOHLI, M. M. (1998). Research on Pyrenophora tritici-repentis tan spot of wheat in Uruguay. In Helminthosporium Blights of Wheat: Spot Blotch and Tan Spot, Proceedings of the International Workshop (Eds E. Duveiller, H. J. Dubin, J. Reeves & A. McNab), pp. 134-141. Mexico, DF. 9-14 February, 1997. CIMMYT.
26. DUBIN, H. J. & TORRES, E. (1981). Causes and consequences of the 1976-1977 wheat leaf rust epidemic in Northwest Mexico. Annual Review of Phytopathology 19, 41-49.
27. DUVEILLER, E., VAN GINKEL, M. & THIJSSEN, M. (1993). Genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. undulosa in bread wheat. Euphytica 66, 35-43.
28. DYCK, P. L., SAMBORSKI, D. J. & ANDERSON, R. G. (1966). Inheritance of adult-plant leaf rust resistance derived from the common wheat varieties exchange and Frontana. Canadian Journal of Genetic Cytology 8, 665-671.
29. EVANS, L. T. (2005). The changing context for agricultural science. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 143, 7-10.
30. EVENSON, R. E. & GOLLIN, D. (2003). Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science 300, 758-762.
31. FARIS, J. D., LI, W. L., LIU, D. J., CHEN, P. D. & GILL, B. S. (1999). Candidate gene analysis of quantitative disease resistance genes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98, 219-225.
32. FISCHER, R. A. (1996). Wheat physiology at CIMMYT and raising the yield plateau. In Increasing Yield Potential in Wheat: Breaking the Barriers (Eds M. P. Reynolds, S. Rajaram & A. McNab), pp. 195-203. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
33. FISCHER, R. A., REES, D., SAYRE, K. D., LU, Z-M., CONDON, A. G. & LARQUE-SAAVEDRA, A. (1998). Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Science 38, 1467-1475.
34. FOX, P. N. (1996). The CIMMYT Wheat Program's international multi-environment trials. In Plant Adaptation and Crop Improvement (Eds M. Cooper & G. L. Hammer), pp. 175-184. Wallingford: CAB, IRRI & ICRISAT.
35. FOY, C. D., CHANEY, R. L. & WHITE, M. C. (1978). The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 29, 511-566.
36. FRANKEL, O. H. (1970). Genetic dangers of the Green Revolution. World Agricultural 19, 9-14.
37. GALE, M. D. & YOUSSEFIAN, S. (1985). Dwarfing genes in wheat. In Progress in Plant Breeding (Ed G. E. Russell), pp. 1-35. London: Butterworth and Co.
38. GAVINLERTVATANA, S. & WILCOXSON, R. D. (1978). Inheritance of slow rusting of spring wheat by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and host parasite relationship. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 71, 413-418.
39. GILL, B. S., RAUPP, W. J., SHARMA, H. C., BROWDER, L. E., HATCHETT, J. H., HARVEY, T. L., MOSEMAN, J. G. & WAINES, J. G. (1986). Resistance in Aegilops squarrosa to wheat leaf rust, wheat powdery mildew, greenbug, and Hessian fly. Plant Disease 70, 553-556.
40. GORHAM, J., MCDONNEL, E., BUDREWICZ, E. & WYN JONES, R. G. (1985). Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: growth and solute accumulation in leaves of Thinopyrum bessarabicum. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1021-1031.
41. GRANDO, S., FALISTOCCO, E. & CECCARELLI, S. (1985). Use of wild relatives in barley breeding. Genetica Agraria 39, 65-76.
42. HARLAN, J. R. (1976). Genetic resources in wild relatives of crops. Crop Science 16, 329-333.
43. HEDE, A. R., SKOVMAND, B. & LOPEZ-CESATI, J. (2001). Acid soils and aluminum toxicity. In Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding (Eds M. P. Reynolds, J. I. Ortiz-Monasterio & A. McNab), pp. 172-182. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
44. HEISEY, P. W., LANTICAN, M. A. & DUBIN, H. J. (2002). Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
45. JAUHAR, P. P. (1993). Alien gene transfer and genetic enrichment of bread wheat. In Biodiversity and Wheat improvement (Ed. A. B. Damania), pp. 103-119. Aleppo, Syria: ICARDA.
46. JOPPA, L. R., HARELAND, G. A. & CANTRELL, R. G. (1991). Quality characteristics of the Langdon durum-dicoccoides chromosome substitution lines. Crop Science 31, 1513-1517.
47. KOCHIAN, L. V., HOEKENGA, O. A. & PIÑEROS, M. A. (2004). How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. Annual Review of Plant Biology 55, 459-493.
48. KOHLI, M. M. & RAJARAM, S. (1988). Wheat Breeding for Acid Soils: Review of Brazilian/CIMMYT Collaboration, 1974-1986. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
49. KOHLI, M. M., CAMARGO, C. E., DE O. & FRANCO, F. (1994). An analysis of the progress made in Brazil in breeding wheat for acid soils. In Developing Sustainable Wheat Production Systems. Eighth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (Ed D. G. Tanner), pp. 78-90. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
50. KOLMER, J. A. (1996). Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust. Annual Review of Phytopathology 34, 435-455.
51. LAL, R. (2004). Historical development of no-till farming. In Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice - Wheat System (Eds R. Lal, P. R. Hobbs, N. Uphoff & D. O. Hansen), pp. 55-82. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
52. LANTICAN, M. A., PINGALI, P. L. & RAJARAM, S. (2002). Are marginal wheat environments catching up? In CIMMYT World Wheat Overview and Outlook 2000-2001. Developing No-till Packages for Small-Scale Farmers (Ed J. Ekboir), pp. 39-44. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
53. LANTICAN, M. A., DUBIN, H. J. & MORRIS, M. L. (2005). Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1988-2002. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
54. LILLEMO, M., VAN GINKEL, M., TRETHOWAN, R. M., HERNANDEZ, E. & CROSSA, J. (2005). Differential adaptation of CIMMYT bread wheat to global high temperature environments. Crop Science 45, 2443-2453.
55. LIMIN, A. E. & FOWLER, D. B. (1981). Cold hardiness of some relatives of hexaploid wheat. Canadian Journal of Botany 59, 572-573.
56. LIPTON, M. & LONGHURST, R. (1989). New Seed and Poor People. London: Unwin Hyman Ltd.
57. LIU, Z. Z. & WANG, Z. Y. (1991). Improved scab resistance in China: sources of resistance and problems. In Wheat for the Nontraditional Warm Areas, A Proceedings of the International Conference (Ed D. A. Saunders), pp. 178-188. Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, July 29-August 3, 1990. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
58. LOPEZ-CESATI, J., VILLEGAS, E. & RAJARAM, S. (1988). CIMMYT's laboratory method for screening wheat seedling tolerance to aluminum. In Wheat Breeding for Acid Soils: Review of Brazilian/CIMMYT Collaboration, 1974-1986 (Eds M. M. Kohli & S. Rajaram), pp. 59-65. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
59. MA, H. & SINGH, R. P. (1996). Contribution of adult plant resistance gene Yr18 in protecting wheat from yellow rust. Plant Disease 80, 66-69.
60. MARASAS, C. N., SMALE, M. & SINGH, R. P. (2004). The Economic Impact in Developing Countries of Leaf Rust Resistance Breeding in CIMMYT-Related Spring Bread wheat. Economics Program Paper 04-01. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
61. MCFADDEN, E. S. (1930). A successful transfer of emmer characters to vulgare wheat. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 22, 1020-1034.
62. MCINTOSH, R. A. (1998). Breeding wheat for resistance to biotic stresses. Euphytica 100, 19-34.
63. MCINTOSH, R. A., HART, G. E., DEVOS, K. M., GALE, M. D. & ROGERS, W. J. (1998). Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. In Procceedings of the 9th International Wheat Genetic Symposium, Vol. 5 (Ed A. E. Slinkard), pp. 134-138. Saskatchewan, Canada: University Extension Press, University of Saskatchewan.
64. MORRIS, M. L., BELAID, A. & BYERLEE, D. (1991). Wheat and Barley Production in Rainfed Marginal Environments of the Developing World. Part 1 of 1990-91 CIMMYT World Wheat Factors and Trends: Wheat and Barley Production in Rainfed Marginal Environments of the Developing World. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
65. MUJEEB-KAZI, A. (2003). Wheat improvement facilitated by novel genetic diversity and in vitro technology. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 13, 179-210.
66. MUJEEB-KAZI, A. & RAJARAM, S. (2002). Transferring alien genes from related species and genera for wheat improvement. In Bread Wheat Improvement and Production, pp. 199-215. Rome: FAO.
67. MUJEEB-KAZI, A., GORHAM, J. & LOPEZ-CESATI, J. (1993). Use of wild Triticeae relatives for stress tolerance. In International Crop Science I (Eds D. R. Buxton, R. Shibles, R. A. Forsberg, B. L. Blad, K. H. Asay, G. M. Paulsen & R. F. Wilson), pp. 549-554. Ames, IO: Crop Science Society of America.
68. MUJEEB-KAZI, A., GILCHRIST, L. I., FUENTES-DAVILA, G. & DELGADO, R. (1998). Production and utilization of D genome synthetic hexaploids in wheat improvement. In Proceedings of the Third International Triticeae Symposium, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria (Ed A. A. Jaradat), pp. 369-374. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers.
69. OERKE, C.-E. (in press). Crop losses to pests. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge.
70. OLSON, G. W. (1981). Archeology: lessons on future soil use. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 35, 261-264.
71. ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, I. & GRAHAM, R. D. (2000). Breeding for trace minerals in wheat. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 21, 292-396.
72. ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, J. I., SAYRE, K. D., RAJARAM, S. & MCMAHON, M. (1997). Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency under four N rates. Crop Science 37, 898-904.
73. PAUL, N. C. (2001). The man who fed India and Pakistan now turns to Africa. The Christian Science Monitor November 1, 2001.
74. PENG, J., RICHARDS, D. E., HARTLEY, N. M., MURPHY, G. P., DEVOS, K. M., FLINTHAM, J. E., BEALES, J., FISH, L. J., WORLAND, A. J., PELICA, F., SUDHAKAR, D., CHRISTOU, P., SNAPE, J. W., GALE, M. D. & HARBERD, N. P. (1999). 'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400, 256-261.
75. RAJARAM, S. & VAN GINKEL, M. (2001). Mexico: 50 years of international wheat breeding. In The World Wheat Book: A History of Wheat Breeding (Eds A. P. Bonjean & W. J. Angus), pp. 579-608. London: Intercept.
76. RAJARAM, S., PFEIFFER, W. & SINGH, R. (1988a). Developing bread wheats for acid soils through shuttle breeding. In: Wheat Breeding for Acid Soils: Review of Brazilian/CIMMYT Collaboration, 1974-1986 (Eds M. M. Kohli & S. Rajaram), pp. 51-58. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
77. RAJARAM, S., SINGH, R. P. & TORRES, E. (1988b). Current CIMMYT approaches in breeding wheat for rust resistance. In Breeding Strategies for Resistance to the Rust of Wheat (Eds N. W. Simmonds & S. Rajaram), pp. 101-118. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.
78. RAJARAM, S., VAN GINKEL, M. & FISCHER, R. A. (1994). CIMMYT's wheat breeding mega-environments (ME). In Proceedings of the 8th International Wheat Genetic Symposium (Eds Z. S. Li & Z. Y. Xin), pp. 1101-1106. Beijing, China, 20-25 July. China: China Agricultural Scientech.
79. RAJARAM, S., BRAUN, H. J. & VAN GINKEL, M. (1996). CIMMYT's approach to breed for drought tolerance. Euphytica 92, 147-153.
80. REIF, J. C., ZHANG, P., DREISIGACKER, S., WARBURTON, M. L., VAN GINKEL, M., HOISINGTON, D., BOHN, M. & MELCHINGER, A. E. (2005). Wheat genetic diversity trends during domestication and breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110, 859-864.
81. REJESUS, R. M., SMALE, M. & VAN GINKEL, M. (1996). Wheat breeders' perspectives on genetic diversity and germplasm use: findings from an international survey. Plant Varieties and Seeds 9, 129-147.
82. REYNOLDS, M. P. & BORLAUG, N. E. (in press). Applying innovations and new technologies for international collaborative wheat improvement. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge.
83. REYNOLDS, M. P., BALOTA, M., DELGADO, M. I. B., AMANI, I. & FISCHER, R. A. (1994). Physiological and morphological traits associated with spring wheat yield under hot, irrigated conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 21, 717-730.
84. REYNOLDS, M. P., SAYRE, K. D. & RAJARAM, S. (1999). Physiological and genetic changes of irrigated wheat in the post-green revolution period and approaches for meeting projected global demand. Crop Science 39, 1611-1621.
85. REYNOLDS, M. P., MUJEEB-KAZI, A. & SAWKINS, M. (2005a). Prospects for utilising plant-adaptive mechanisms to improve wheat and other crops in drought and salinity-prone environments. Annals of Applied Biology 146, 239-259.
86. REYNOLDS, M. P., DRECCER, F. & TRETHOWAN, R. (2005b). Drought adaptive mechanisms from wheat landraces and wild relatives. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Integrated Approaches to Sustain and Improve Plant Production under Drought. Rome, Italy, 24-28 September. Avenue Media.
87. REYNOLDS, M. P., REBETZKE, G., PELLEGRINESCI, A. & TRETHOWAN, R. (in press). Drought adaptation in wheat. In Drought Tolerance in Cereals (Ed. J. M. Ribaut). New York: Haworth's Food Products Press.
88. RUBIALES, D. & NIKS, R. E. (1995). Characterization of Lr34, a major gene conferring nonhypersensitive resistance to wheat leaf rust. Plant Disease 79, 1208-1212.
89. RUSSELL, P. E. (2005). A century of fungicide evolution. Journal of Agricultural Science 143, 11-25.
90. SAYRE, K. D., RAJARAM, S. & FISCHER, R. A. (1997). Yield potential progress in short bread wheats in northwest Mexico. Crop Science 37, 36-42.
91. SAYRE, K. D., SINGH, R. P., HUERTA-ESPINO, J. & RAJARAM, S. (1998). Genetic progress in reducing losses to leaf rust in CIMMYT-Derived Mexican spring wheat cultivars. Crop Science 38, 654-659.
92. SCHNURBUSCH, T., PAILLARD, S., SCHORI, A., MESSMER, M., SCHACHERMAYR, G., WINZELER, M. & KELLER, B. (2004). Dissection of quantitative and durable leaf rust resistance in Swiss winter wheat reveals a major resistance QTL in the Lr34 chromosomal region. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108, 477-484.
93. SHAKHATREH, Y., KAFAWIN, O., CECCARELLI, S. & SAOUB, H. (2001). Selection of barley lines for drought tolerance in low-rainfall areas. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 186, 119-127.
94. SINGH, R. P. (1993). Genetic association of gene Bdv1 for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus with genes Lr34 and Yr18 for adult plant resistance to rusts in bread wheat. Plant Disease 77, 1103-1106.
95. SINGH, R. P. & DUBIN, H. J. (1997). Sustainable control of wheat diseases in Mexico. In Memorias del 1er Simposio International de Trigo, pp. 93-103. Cd. Obregón, Sonora, 7-9 April, 1997. Mexico, DF: INIFAP.
96. SINGH, R. P. & HUERTA-ESPINO, J. (1997). Effect of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 on grain yield and agronomic traits of spring wheat. Crop Science 37, 390-395.
97. SINGH, R. P. & HUERTA-ESPINO, J. (2003). Effect of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 on components of slow rusting at seven growth stages in wheat. Euphytica 129, 371-376.
98. SINGH, R. P. & RAJARAM, S. (1992). Genetics of adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in 'Frontana' and three CIMMYT wheats. Genome 35, 24-31.
99. SINGH, R. P. & RAJARAM, S. (1994). Genetics of adult plant resistance to stripe rust in ten spring bread wheats. Euphytica 72, 1-7.
100. SINGH, R. P. & RAJARAM, S. (2002). Breeding for disease resistance in wheat. In Bread Wheat Improvement and Production (Eds B. C. Curtis, S. Rajaram & H. Gómez Macpherson), pp. 141-156. Roma: FAO.
101. SINGH, R. P., WILLIAM, H. M., HUERTA-ESPINO, J. & ROSEWARNE, G. (2004a). Wheat Rust in Asia: meeting the changes with old and new technologies. In Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 26 September-1 October, 2004. http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004.
102. SINGH, R. P., HUERTA-ESPINO, J., PFEIFFER, W. & FIGUEROA-LOPEZ, P. (2004b). Occurrence and impact of a new leaf rust race on durum wheat in northwestern Mexico from 2001 to 2003. Plant Disease 88, 703-708.
103. SKOVMAND, B., REYNOLDS, M. P. & DELACY, I. H. (2001). Mining wheat germplasm collections for yield enhancing traits. Euphytica 119, 25-32.
104. SMALE, M., REYNOLDS, M. P., WARBURTON, M., SKOVMAND, B., TRETHOWAN, R., SINGH, R. P., ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, I. & CROSSA, J. (2002). Dimensions of diversity in modern spring bread wheat in developing countries from 1965. Crop Science 42, 1766-1779.
105. SNIJDERS, C. H. A. (1990). Genetic variation for resistance to Fusarium head blight in bread wheat. Euphytica 50, 171-179.
106. SPIELMEYER, W., MCINTOSH, R. A., KOLMER, J. & LAGUDAH, E. S. (2005). Powdery mildew resistance and Lr34/Yr18 genes for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rust consegregate at a locus on the short arm of chromosome 7D of wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 111, 731-735.
107. SUENAGA, K., SINGH, R. P., HUERTA-ESPINO, J. & WILLIAM, H. M. (2003). Microsatellite markers for genes Lr34/Yr18 and other quantitative trait loci for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in bread wheat. Phytopathology 93, 881-890.
108. TRETHOWAN, R. M., CROSSA, J., VAN GINKEL, M. & RAJARAM, S. (2001). Relationships among bread wheat international yield testing locations in dry areas. Crop Science 41, 1461-1469.
109. TRETHOWAN, R. M., VAN GINKEL, M. & RAJARAM, S. (2002). Progress in breeding for yield and adaptation in global drought affected environments. Crop Science 42, 1441-1446.
110. TRETHOWAN, R. M., VAN GINKEL, M., AMMAR, K., CROSSA, J., PAYNE, T. S., CUKADAR, B., RAJARAM, S. & HERNANDEZ, E. (2003). Associations among twenty years of bread wheat yield evaluation environments. Crop Science 43, 1698-1711.
111. TRETHOWAN, R. M., REYNOLDS, M. P., SAYRE, K. D. & ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, I. (2005). Adapting wheat cultivars to resource conserving farming practices and human nutritional needs. Annals of Applied Biology 146, 405-413.
112. TRETHOWAN, R. M., REYNOLDS, M. P., ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, J. I. & ORTIZ, R. (in press). The genetic basis of the Green Revolution in wheat production. Plant Breeding Reviews.
113. VALKOUN, J. (2001). Wheat pre-breeding using wild progenitors. Euphytica 119, 17-23.
114. VILLAREAL, R. L., MUJEEB-KAZI, A., FUENTES-DAVILA, G., RAJARAM, S. & DEL TORO, E. (1994). Resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica Mitra) in synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from Triticum turgidum x T. tauschii. Plant Breeding 112, 63-69.
115. VILLAREAL, R. L., MUJEEB-KAZI, A., GILCHRIST, L. I. & DEL TORO, E. (1995). Yield loss to spot blotch in spring bread wheat in warm nontraditional wheat production areas. Plant Disease 79, 893-897.
116. VOGEL, O. A., CRADDOCK, J. C. JR., MUIR, C. E., EVERSON, E. H. & ROHDE, C. R. (1956). Semidwarf growth habit in winter wheat improvement for the Pacific Northwest. Agronomy Journal 48, 76-78.
117. WADDINGTON, S. R., RANSOM, J. K., OSMANZAI, M. & SAUNDERS, D. A. (1986). Improvement in the yield potential of bread wheat adapted to northwest Mexico. Crop Science 26, 698-703.
118. WADDINGTON, S. R., OSMANZAI, M., YOSHIDA, M. & RANSOM, J. K. (1987). The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 108, 469-477.
119. WAINES, J. G., EHDAIE, B. & BARNHART, D. (1987). Variability in Triticum and Aegilops species for seed characteristics. Genome 29, 41-46.
120. WILLIAM, H. M., CROSBY, M., TRETHOWAN, R., VAN GINKEL, M., MUJEEB-KAZI, A., PFEIFFER, W., KHAIRALLAH, M. & HOISINGTON, D. (2003). Molecular marker service laboratory at CIMMYT: an interface between the laboratory and field. In 10th International Wheat Genetic Symposium (Eds N. E. Pogna, M. Romano, E. Pogna & G. Galterio), pp. 852-854. Paestum, Italy, 1-6 September. Italy: Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura.
121. WILLIAM, H. M., HOISINGTON, D., SINGH, R. P. & GONZALEZ-LEON, D. (1997). Detection of quantitative trait loci associated with leaf rust resistance in bread wheat. Genome 40, 253-260.
122. WITCOMBE, J. R. (1999). Do farmer-participatory methods apply more to high potential areas than marginal ones? Outlook on Agriculture 28, 43-49.