Have North Pacific killer whales switched prey species in response to depletion of the great whale populations?

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 310, Issue , 2006, Pages 235-246

  Mizroch, Sally A ^a   Rice, Dale W ^a  

^a ALASKA FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Killer whale; Sequential decline; Sequential megafaunal collapse; Whaling

Indexed keywords

DENSITY DEPENDENCE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; PREY AVAILABILITY; RARITY; WHALE;

BERING SEA; NORTH AMERICA; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (NORTH); UNITED STATES;

CARNIVORA; CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE; ENHYDRA; ESCHRICHTIIDAE; MAMMALIA; ORCINUS ORCA; OTARIIDAE;

EID: 33646237346     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps310235     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Andrews RC (1914) Monographs of the Pacific Cetacea. I. The California gray whale (Rhachianectes glaucus Cope). Mem Am Mus Nat Hist (New Ser) 1:227-287
2. Anonymous (ed) (1965) International Whaling Statistics, Vol LV. Comm Whaling Stat, Oslo
3. Anonymous (2002) Transient orcas kill minke whale in Ganges Harbour. Vancouver Aquarium Aquanews. October 16, 2002
4. Bailey AM, Hendee RW (1926) Notes on the mammals of northwestern Alaska. J Mammal 7:9-28
5. Baird RW (2002) Killer whales of the world: natural history and conservation. Voyager Press, Stillwater, MN
6. Baker R, Bradley L, Bradley R, Dragoo J and 6 others (2003) Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003. Occas Pap Mus Texas Tech Univ 229:1-23
7. Balcomb K (1989) Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii Stejneger, 1883: Arnoux's beaked whale Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy. In: Ridgway SH, Harrison R (eds) Handbook of marine mammals, 4, river dolphins and the larger toothed whales, Vol 4. Academic Press, London, p 261-288
8. Beale T (1839) The natural history of the sperm whale. John Van Voorst, London
9. Bennett FD (1840) Narrative of a whaling voyage around the globe from the year 1833 to 1836. Richard Bentley, London
10. Berzin AA (1972) The sperm whale. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (translation from Russian)
11. Best PB, Canham PAS, MacLeod N (1984) Patterns of reproduction in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Rep Int Whaling Comm Spec Iss:51-79
12. Bigg MA, Ellis GM, Ford JKB, Balcomb KC III (1987) Killer whales: A study of their identification, genealogy, and natural history in British Columbia and Washington State. Phantom Press, Nanaimo, BC
13. Black N (2001) Gray whales off Monterey. Monterey Bay Whale Watch, Pacific Grove, CA
14. Black N (2003) The gray whale migration off Monterey. Monterey Bay Whale Watch, Pacific Grove, CA
15. Budylenko GA (1981) Distribution and some aspects of the biology of killer whales in the South Atlantic. Rep Int Whaling Comm 31:523-525
16. Collett R (1911-12) Norges pattedyr. H. Aschenoug, Kristiania
17. DeMaster D, Trites A, Clapham P, Mizroch S, Wade P, Small R, Ver Hoef JM (in press) The cascading whale predation hypothesis: Testing with existing data. Proc Oceanogr
18. Doroshenko N (2000a) Soviet catches of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific. In: Yablokov AV, Zemsky VA (eds) Soviet whaling data (1949-1979). Center for Russian Environmental Policy, Marine Mammal Council, Moscow, p 48-95
19. Doroshenko N (2000b) Soviet whaling for blue, gray, bowhead and right whales in the North Pacific Ocean, 1961-1979. In: Yablokov A, Zemsky V (eds) Soviet whaling data (1949-1979). Center for Russian Environmental Policy, Marine Mammal Council, Moscow, p 96-103
20. Dorsey EM, Stern SJ, Hoelzel AR, Jacobsen J (1990) Minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the west coast of North America: individual recognition and small scale site fidelity. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Iss 12:357-368
21. Fiscus CH, Braham HW, Mercer RW, Everitt RD and 5 others (1976) Seasonal distribution and relative abundance of marine mammals in the Gulf of Alaska. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center (NWAFC), Marine Mammal Division, Seattle, WA (errata, figure, i-vi, 1-237)
22. Ford J, Ellis G, Barrett-Lennard L, Morton A, Palm R, Balcomb K (1998) Dietary specialization in 2 sympatric populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal British Columbia and adjacent waters. Can J Zool - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 76:1456-1471
23. Gilmore R (1961) The story of the gray whale. Privately published, San Diego, CA
24. Goley PD, Straley JM (1994) Attack on gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in Monterey Bay, California, by killer whales (Orcinus orca) previously identified in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Can J Zool 72:1528-1530
25. Hall JD (1986) Notes on the distribution and feeding behavior of killer whales in Prince William Sound, Alaska. In: Kirkevold BC, Lockard JS (eds) Behavioral biology of killer whales. Zoo Biology Monographs, Vol 1. Alan R. Liss, New York, p 69-84
26. Hancock D (1965) Killer whales kill and eat a minke whale. J Mammal 46:341-342
27. Heise K, Barrett-Lennard LG, Saulitis E, Matkin C, Bain D (2003) Examining the evidence for killer whale predation on Steller sea lions in British Columbia and Alaska. Aquat Mamm 29:325-334
28. Ivanova EI (1961) O tikhookeanskoy kosatke (Orcinus orca, L.) Tr Inst Morfol Zhivotn Akad Nauk SSSR 34:205-215
29. Jefferson TA, Stacey PJ, Baird RW (1991) A review of killer whale interactions with other marine mammals: predation to co-existence. Mammal Rev 21:151-180
30. Jenks G (1963) Generalization in statistical mapping. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 53:15-26
31. Jonsgård Å (1968a) Another note on the attacking behavior of killer whale (Orcinus orca) Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 57 6:175-176
32. Jonsgård Å (1968b) A note on the attacking behavior of the killer whale (Orcinus orca) Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 57 4:84-85
33. Lockyer C (1976) Body weights of some species of large whales. J Conseil Int Explor Mer 36:259-273
34. Lowry LL, Nelson RR, Frost KJ (1987) Observations of killer whales, Orcinus orca, in western Alaska: sightings, strandings, and predation on other marine mammals. Can Field-Nat 101:6-12
35. Matkin CO, Saulitis E (1994) Killer whale (Orcinus orca) biology and management in Alaska. Contract No. T75135023, Marine Mammal Commission, Washington, DC
36. Matkin C, Ellis G, Saulitis E, Barrett-Lennard L, Matkin D (1999) Killer whales of southern Alaska. North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK
37. Mehlberg J (1986) Wolves of the sea. Men watch as orcas kill minke whale. Alaska Magazine 52:46-48, available at www.alaskamagazine.com
38. Melnikov VV, Zagrebin IA (2005) Killer whale predation in coastal waters of the Chukotka Peninsula. Mar Mamm Sci 21:550-556
39. Mizroch SA (1983) Reproductive rates in Southern Hemisphere baleen whales. MSc thesis, University of Washington
40. Morejohn G (1968) A killer whale-gray whale encounter. J Mammal 49:327-328
41. Nishiwaki M, Handa C (1958) Killer whales caught in the coastal waters off Japan for recent 10 years. Sci Rep Whales Res Inst 13:85-96
42. Perez MA (1990) Review of marine mammal population and prey information for Bering Sea ecosystem studies. NOAA Tech Memo NMFS F/NWC-186, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Mar Fish Serv 1-81
43. Pfister B (2004) Computations of historic and current biomass estimates of marine mammals in the Bering Sea. AFSC Processed Report 2004-05, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA
44. Pike G, MacAskie I (1969) Marine mammals of British Columbia. Bull Fish Res Board Can 171:154
45. Pitman R, Ballance L, Mesnick S, Chivers S (2001) Killer whale predation on sperm whales: Observations and implications. Mar Mamm Sci 17:494-507
46. Reilly S, Rice D, Wolman A (1983) Population assessment of the gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, from California shore censuses, 1967-1980. Fish Bull US 81:267-281
47. Rice DW (1968) Stomach contents and feeding behavior of killer whales in the eastern North Pacific. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 2:35-38
48. Rice DW (1989) Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Linneaus, 1758. In: Ridgway SH, Harrison RJ (eds) Handbook of marine mammals, Vol 4. Academic Press, London, p 177-233
49. Rice DW, Wolman AA (1971) The life history and ecology of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Am Soc Mammal Spec Publ No. 3
50. Rugh D, Hobbs R, Lerczak J, Breiwick J (2005) Estimates of abundance of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales 1997-2002. J Cetacean Res Manag 7:1-12
51. Scammon C (1874) The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America, described and illustrated: together with an account of the American whale-fishery. John H. Carmany, San Francisco, CA
52. Shevchenko VI (1976) The nature of interrelationships between killer whales and other cetaceans. Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec (translated from Russian)
53. Springer A, Estes J, van Vliet G, Williams T, Doak D, Danner E, Forney K, Pfister B (2003) Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:12223-12228
54. Ternullo R, Black N (2002) Predation behavior of transient killer whales in Monterey Bay, CA. Monterey Bay Whale Watch Res Rep
55. Tomilin AG (1967) Mammals of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries, Vol IX. Cetacea. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (Translated from Russian)
56. Trites A, Pauly D (1998) Estimating mean body masses of marine mammals from maximum body lengths. Can J Zool 76:886-896
57. Turner LM (1886) Contributions to the natural history of Alaska. Results of investigations made chiefly in the Yukon district and the Aleutian Islands: conducted under the auspices of the Signal Service, United States Army, extending from May, 1784, to August, 1861. Government Printing Office Washington (extract)
58. Yukhov VL, Vinogradova EK, Medvedev LP (1976) The diet of killer whales (Orcinus orca L.) in the Antarctic and adjacent waters. Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec (translated from Russian)
59. Zenkovich BA (1938) O kosatke ili kite-ubiitse. Priroda 1938:109-112