Fleas and diseases transmissible to man;Les puces et les maladies transmises a l'homme

Medecine Tropicale

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 21-29

  Duchemin, J B ^a   Fournier, P E ^b   Parola, P ^b  

^a Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire Niamey   (Niger)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

Author keywords

Bartonella; Plague; Rickettsia; Siphonaptera; Yersinia pestis

Indexed keywords

FLEA; HUMAN; INFECTION; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PARASITOSIS; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HISTOLOGY; INSECT CONTROL; MALE; PLAGUE; RICKETTSIOSIS; YERSINIA PESTIS;

AVES; BARTONELLA; HEXAPODA; MAMMALIA; RICKETTSIA; SIPHONAPTERA (FLEAS); YERSINIA PESTIS;

ANIMALS; BARTONELLA INFECTIONS; FEMALE; FLEAS; HUMANS; INSECT CONTROL; INSECT VECTORS; MALE; PLAGUE; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; YERSINIA PESTIS;

EID: 33646191683     PISSN: 0025682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. LEWIS RE - Resume of the Siphonaptera (Insecta) of the world. J Med Entomol 1998 ; 35 : 377-89.
2. JELLISON WL - Fleas and Diseases. Ann Rev Entomol 1959 ; 4 : 389-414.
3. SADLER JP - Records of ectoparasites on humans and sheep from Viking-age deposits in the former western settlement of Greenland. J Med Entomol 1990 ; 27 : 628-31.
4. WHITING MF - Mecoptera is paraphyletic: multiple genes and phylogeny of Mecoptera and Siphonaptera. Zoologica Scripta 2002 ; 31 : 93-104.
5. LU L, WU H - A cladistic and biogeographic analysis of Chinese Neopsylla wagner (Siphonaptera : Ctenophthalmidae). Invertebrate Systematics 2005 ; 17 : 607-15.
6. BEAUCOURNU JC, LAUNAY H - Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du bassin méditerranéen occidental. Paris : Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles ; 1990.
7. BEAUCOURNU JC, DEGEILH B, GUIGUEN C - Les puces parasites d'oiseaux : diversité taxonomique et dispersion biogéographique (Insecta : Siphonaptera). Parasite 2005 ; 12 : 111-21.
8. BITAM I, PAROLA P, BAZIZ B et Coll - First molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in fleas from Algeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006 ; sous presse.
9. ROTHSCHILD M - Recent advances in our knowledge of the order Siphonaptera. Annu Rev Entomol 1975 ; 20 : 241-59.
10. DRYDEN MW, GAAFAR SM - Blood consumption by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 1991 ; 28 : 394-400.
11. HSU MH, HSU YC, WU WJ - Consumption of flea faeces and eggs by larvae of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Med Vet Entomol 2002 ; 16 : 445-7.
12. SILVERMAN J, RUST MK - Extended longevity of the pre-emerged adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and factors stimulating emergence from the pupal cocoon. Ann Entomol Soc Am 1985 ; 78 : 763-8.
13. STARK HE - Population dynamics of adult fleas (Siphonaptera) on hosts and in nests of the California vole. J Med Entomol 2002 ; 39 : 818-24.
14. BACOT AW - A study of the bionomics of the common rat fleas and other species associated with Human habitaitons, with special reference to the influence of temperature and humidity at various periods of the life-history of the Insect. J Hyg Plague 1914 ; 447-651.
15. MARGALIT J, SHULOV AS - Effect of temperature on the development of prepupa and pupa of the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild. J Med Entomol 1972 ; 9 : 117-25.
16. METZGER ME, RUST MK - Effect of temperature on cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) development and overwintering. J Med Entomol 1997 ; 34 : 173-8.
17. HAAS GE - Temperature and humidity in the microhabitat of rodent fleas in Hawaiian cane fields. J Med Entomol 1965 ; 2 : 313-6.
18. SILVERMAN J, RUST MK - Some abiotic factors affecting the survival of the cat flea Ctenocephaldies felis (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae). Environmental Entomology 1983 ; 12 : 490-5.
19. KRASNOV BR, KHOKHLOVA IS, FIELDEN LJ, BURDELOVA NV - Effect of air temperature and humidity on the survival of pre-imaginal stages of two flea species (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 2001 ; 38 : 629-37.
20. SILVERMAN J, RUST MK, REIERSON DA - Influence of temperature and humidity on survival and development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Puhcidae). J Med Entomol 1981 ; 18 : 78-83.
21. TIFLOV VE, LOLL IG - Observations on the biology of fleas. Rev Microbiol 1932 ; XI : 95-117. En russe.
22. ROTHSCHILD M, FORD B - Breeding of the rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) controlled by the reproductive hormones of the host. Nature 1964 ; 201 : 103-4.
23. KRASNOV BR, SHENBROT GI, MEDVEDEV SG et Coll - Host-habitat relation as an important determinant of spatial distribution of flea assemblages (Siphonaptera) on rodents in the Negev Desert. Parasitology 1997 ; 114 : 159-73.
24. BEAUCOURNU JC - Les siphonaptères et leurs hôtes : rapports phylétiques, convergences et déviations. In Deuxième Symposium sur la spécificité parasitaire des parasites de vertébrés, 13-17 avril 1981. Mémoires de Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, n.s., série A, Zoologie, 1982, n°123, 203-208.
25. HOUHAMDI L, PAROLA P, RAOULT D - Les poux et les maladies transmises à l'homme. Med Trop 2005 ; 65 : 13-23.
26. BUCKLAND PC, SADLER JP - A biogeography of the human flea, Pulex irritans L., Siphonaptera, Insecta. J Biogeography 1989 ; 16 : 115-20.
27. KARIMI Y, FARHANG-AZAD A - Sur Pulex irritans, puce humaine dans le foyer de la peste au lac du général Mobutu (ancien lac Albert) : déduction épidemiologique. Bull World Health Organ 1974 ; 50 : 564-5.
28. GUIGUEN C, BEAUCOURNU JC - Présence de Pulex irritans L. (Siphonaptera) au Burundi, région à risque pesteux. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1979 ; 72 : 481-6.
29. ROLAIN JM, BOURRY O, DAVOUST B, RAOULT D - Bartonella quinatana and Rickettsia felis in Gabon. Emerg Infect Dis 2005 ; 11 : 1742-4.
30. BEAUCOURNU JC, MENIER K - Le genre Ctenocephalides, Stiles et Collins,1930 (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae). Parasite 1998 ; 5 : 3-16.
31. BALTAZARD M, EFTEKHARI M - Techniques de récolte, de manipulation et d'élevage des puces de rongeurs. Bull World Health Organ 1957 ; 16 : 436-40.
32. KARTMAN LR, LONERGAN P - Wild rodent flea control in rural areas of enzootic plague region in Hawaii. A preliminary investigation of methods. Bull World Health Organ 1955 ; 13 : 49-68.
33. RATOVONJATO J, DUCHEMIN J-B, DUPLANTIER J-M, CHANTEAU S - Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera : Xenopsyllinae), puces des foyers ruraux de peste des Hautes Terres malgaches : niveau de sensibilité au DDT, aux pyrèthrinoïdes et aux carbamates après 50 années de lutte chimique. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 2000 ; 66 : 9-12.
34. ELSTON DM - Prevention of arthropod-related disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 ; 51 : 947-54.
35. FELDMEIER H, EISELE M, SABOIA-MOURA RC, HEUKELBACH J - Severe tungiasis in underprivileged communities : case series from Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 ; 9 : 949-55.
36. PARKHILL J, WREN BW, THOMSON NR et Coll - Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Nature 2001 ; 413 : 523-7.
37. BROSSOLET J, MOLLARET H - Pourquoi la peste ? Le rat, 1a. puce et le bubon. Coll. Découvertes n°229. Gallimard ed, Paris, 1994.
38. BALTAZARD M - Déclin et destin d'une maladie infectieuse : la Peste. Bull OMS 1960 ; 23 : 247-62.
39. DEVIGNAT R - Variétés de l'espèce Pasteurella pestis : nouvelle hypothèse. Bull OMS 1951 ; 4 : 247-63.
40. DRANCOURT AM, ROUX V, DANG LVT-HL et Coll - Genotyping, Orientalis-like Yersinia pestis, and plague pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 ; 10 : 1585-92.
41. OMS - La peste humaine en 2002 et en 2003. Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire 2004 ; 79 : 301-6.
42. CARNIEL E - Situation mondiale des infections à Y. pestis. Med Mal Inf 1995 ; 25 Special : 675-9.
43. ANONYME - Plague in Algeria - Update 2. World Health Organisation 2003 ;Accessible à http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_07_10/en/
44. DUPLANTIER J-M, DUCHEMIN J-B, CHANTEAU S, CARNIEL E - From the recent lessons of the Malagasy foci towards a global understanding of the factors involved in plague reemergence. Vet Res 2005 ; 36 : 437-53.
45. MOLLARET H - Conservation de la peste dans le sol. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1963 ; 56 : 1168-82.
46. POLLITZER R - (1954) La peste, Geneve, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (Séries de Monographies n°22).
47. BACOT AW, MARTIN CJ - Observations on the mechanism of the transmission of plague by fleas. J Hyg 1914 ; Suppl 3 : 423-39.
48. GAGE KL, KOSOY MY - Natural history of plague : perspectives from more than a century of research. Ann Rev Entomol 2005 ; 50 : 505-28.
49. GAN NV, VORONOVA GA, YUZVIK LN, BELYAEVA VA - The capability of Rhadinopsylla rothschildi and R. dahurica fleas as vectors of plague pathogen in Transbaikal natural focus. Parazitologiya 1990 ; 24 : 151-4. En russe.
50. KARTMAN L, PRINCE FM, QUAN SF, STARK HE - New knowledge on the ecology of sylvatic plague. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1958 ; 70 : 668-711.
51. THOMAS RE, KARSTENS RH, SCHWAN TG - Experimental infection of Ornithodoros spp. ticks (Acari : Argasidae) with Yersinia pestis. J Med Entomol 1990 ; 27 : 720-3.
52. KARTMAN L, MARTIN AR, HUBBERT WT et Coll - Epidemiologic features and results of field studies. Public Health Rep 1967 ; 82 : 1084-94.
53. RAOULT D, ROUX V - Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997 ; 10 : 694-719.
54. AZAD AF, RADULOVIC S, HIGGINS JA et Coll - Flea-borne rickettsioses : ecologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 1997 ; 3 : 319-27.
55. GIKAS A, DOUKAKIS S, PEDIADITIS J et Coll - Murine typhus in Greece : epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data from 83 cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002 ; 96 : 250-3.
56. LETAIEF AO, KAABIA N, CHAKROUN M et Coll - Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in central Tunisia : a report of seven cases. Int J Infect Dis 2006 (sous presse).
57. SAKAGUCHI S, SATO I, MUGURUMA H et Coll - Reemerging murine typhus, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 ; 10 : 964-5.
58. PAROLA P, VOGELAERS D, ROURE C et Coll - Murine typhus in travelers returning from Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis 1998 ; 4 : 677-80.
59. WATT G, PAROLA P - Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003 ; 16 : 429-36.
60. SILVA LJ, PAPAIORDANOU PM - Murine (endemic) typhus in Brazil : case report and review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2004 ; 46 : 283-5.
61. PAROLA P, MILLER RS, MCDANIEL P et Coll - Emerging rickettsioses of the Thai-Myanmar border. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 ; 9 : 592-5.
62. PAROLA P, DAVOUST B, RAOULT D - Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. Vet Res 2005 ; 36 : 469-92.
63. OGATA H, RENESTO P, AUDIC S et Coll - The genome sequence of Rickettsia felis identifies the first putative conjugative plasmid in an obligate intracellular parasite. PLos Biol 2005 ; 3 : e-248.
64. PAROLA P, PADDOCK C, RAOULT D - Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world : emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005 ; 18 : 719-56.
65. OLIVEIRA RP, GALVAO MA, MAFRA CL et Coll - Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides spp. fleas, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2002 ; 8 : 317-9.
66. MARQUEZ FJ, MUNIAIN MA, PEREZ JM, PACHON J - Presence of Rickettsia felis in the cat flea from southwestern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2002 ; 8 : 89-91.
67. ROLAIN JM, FRANC M, DAVOUST B, RAOULT D - Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, and Wolbachia pipientis in cat fleas, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 ; 9 : 228-342.
68. PAROLA P, SANOGO YO, LERDTHUSNEE K et Coll - Identification of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in fleas from the Thai-Myanmar border. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003 ; 990 : 173-81.
69. KELLY P, ROLAIN JM, RAOULT D - Prevalence of human pathogens in cat and dog fleas in New Zealand. 2005 Nov 25;. N Z Med J 2005 ; 118 : 1754.
70. STEVENSON HL, LABRUNA MB, MONTENIERI JA et Coll - Detection of Rickettsia felis in a New World flea species, Anomiopsyllus nudata (Siphonaptera : Ctenophthalmidae). J Med Entomol 2005 ; 42 : 163-7.
71. DOLAN MJ, WONG MT, REGNERY RL et Coll - Syndrome of Rochalimaea henselae adenitis suggesting cat scratch disease. Ann Intern Med 1993 ; 118 : 331-6.
72. JACOMO V, KELLY PJ, RAOULT D - Natural history of Bartonella infections (an exception to Koch's postulate). Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 ; 9 : 8-18.
73. REGNERY RL, MARTIN M, OLSON JG - Naturally occuring Rochalimaea henselae infection in domestic cat. Lancet 1992 ; 340 : 557-8.
74. KOEHLER JE, GLASER CA, TAPPERO JW - Rochalimaea henselae infection : a new zoonosis with the domestic cat as a reservoir. JAMA 1994 ; 271 : 531-5.
75. LA SCOLA B, DAVOUST B, BONI M, RAOULT D - Lack of correlation between Bartonella DNA detection within fleas, serological results, and results of blood culture in a Bartonella-infected stray cat population. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002 ; 8 : 345-51.
76. KELLY PJ, MEADS N, THEOBALD A et Coll - Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) from New Zealand. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 ; 10 : 967-8.
77. LAPPIN MR, GRIFFIN B, BRUNT J et Coll - Prevalence of Bartonella species, Haemoplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neorickettsia risticii DNA in the blood of cats and their fleas in the United States. J Feline Med Surg 2005 ; Epub ahead of print.
78. SHAW SE, KENNY MJ, TASKER S, BIRTLES RJ - Pathogen carriage by the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) in the United Kingdom. Vet Microbiol 2004 ; 102 : 183-8.
79. FINKELSTEIN JL, BROWN TP, O'REILLY KL et Coll - Studies on the growth of Bartonella henselae in the cat flea (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 2002 ; 39 : 915-9.
80. CHOMEL BB, KASTEN RW, FLOYD-HAWKINS K et Coll - Experimental transmission of Bartonella henselae by the cat flea. J Clin Microbiol 1996 ; 34 : 1952-6.
81. GURFIELD AN, BONLOUIS HJ, CHOMEL BB et Coll - Epidemiology of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in France. Vet Microbiol 2001 ; 80 : 185-98.
82. MARIÉ JL, FOURNIER PE, ROLAIN JM et Coll - Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, B. elizabethae, B. koehlerae, B. doshiae, B. taylorii, and Rickettsia felis in rodent fleas collected in Kabul, Afghanistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006 (in press).
83. AVIDOR B, GRAIDY M, EFRAT G et Coll - Bartonella koehlerae, a new cat-associated agent of culture-negative human endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2004 ; 42 : 3462-8.
84. KERKHOFF FT, BERGMANS AM, VAN DER ZEE A, ROTHOVA A - Demonstration of Bartonella grahamii DNA in ocular fluids of a patient with neuroretinitis. J Clin Microbiol 1999 ; 37 : 4034-8.
85. BOWN KJ, BENNET M, BEGON M - Flea-borne Bartonella grahamii and Bartonella taylorii in bank voles. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 ; 10 : 684-7.
86. DALY JS, WORTHINGTON MG, BRENNER DJ et Coll - Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. isolated from a patient with endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 1993 ; 31 : 872-81.
87. PAROLA P - Utilisation des arthropodes comme outils épidé miologiques et diagnostiques des maladies infectieuses. Med Mal Inf 2005 ; 35 Suppl 2 : S41-3.