Institutional changes and the commercialization of academic knowledge: A study of Italian universities' patenting activities between 1965 and 2002

Research Policy

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 518-532

  Baldini, Nicola ^a   Grimaldi, Rosa ^a   Sobrero, Maurizio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Organizational change; Patents; Regulations; Technology transfer; University

Indexed keywords

LAWS AND LEGISLATION; PATENTS AND INVENTIONS; REGIONAL PLANNING; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE; UNIVERSITY;

SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

EID: 33646129681     PISSN: 00487333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2006.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Agrawal A., and Henderson R. Putting patents in context: exploring knowledge transfer from MIT. Management Science 48 (2002) 44-60
2. AUTM, 2003. Licensing survey: FY 2002. www.autm.net.
3. Balconi M., Borghini S., and Moisello A. Ivory tower vs. spanning university: il caso dell'Università di Pavia. In: Bonaccorsi A. (Ed). Il Sistema della Ricerca Pubblica in Italia (2003), Franco Angeli, Milan 133-175
4. Balconi M., Breschi S., and Lissoni F. Il trasferimento di conoscenze tecnologiche dall'università all'industria in Italia: nuova evidenza sui brevetti di paternità dei docenti. In: Bonaccorsi A. (Ed). Il Sistema Della Ricerca Pubblica in Italia (2003), Franco Angeli, Milan 58-100
5. Balconi M., Breschi S., and Lissoni F. Networks of inventors and the role of academia: an exploration of Italian patent data. Research Policy 33 (2004) 127-145
6. Baldini N., Grimaldi R., and Sobrero M. La diffusione di pratiche organizzative tra pressioni ambientali e processi di legittimazione: un'analisi empirica dei regolamenti universitari in materia di invenzioni. In: Zollo G. (Ed). Valori, Risorse e Competenze nelle Organizzazioni (2004), Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Naples
7. Breschi S., Lissoni F., and Montobbio F. Open science and university patenting: A bibliometric analysis of the Italian case. International J. A. Schumpeter Society Conference. Milan, 9-12 June (2004)
8. Calderini, M., Franzoni, C., 2004. Is academic patenting detrimental to high quality research? An empirical analysis of the relationship between scientific careers and patent applications. Working paper # 162, CESPRI, Bocconi University, Milan.
9. Carayol N., and Matt M. Does research organization influence academic production? Laboratory level evidence from a large European university. Research Policy 33 (2004) 1081-1102
10. Cesaroni F., and Piccaluga A. L'attività brevettuale degli enti pubblici di ricerca in Italia ed in Europa. Rilevante? In crescita? Utile?. In: Bonaccorsi A. (Ed). Il Sistema della Ricerca Pubblica in Italia (2003), Franco Angeli, Milan 101-132
11. Coriat B., and Orsi F. Establishing a new intellectual property rights regime in the United States. Origins, content and problems. Research Policy 31 (2002) 1491-1507
12. David, P.A., 1994. Reputation and agency in the historical emergence of the institutions of open science, CEPR discussion paper # 261, Stanford University.
13. Etzkowitz H. The norm of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages. Research Policy 27 (1998) 823-833
14. Etzkowitz H., Webster W., Gebhardt C., and Cantisano Terra B.R. The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy 29 (2000) 313-330
15. Feller I. Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: they think they can. Research Policy 19 (1990) 335-348
16. Florida R. The role of the university: leveraging talent, not technology, issues in science and technology. Summer (1999) 67-73
17. Geuna A. The changing rationale for university research funding: are there negative unintended consequences?. Journal of Economic Issues 35 (2001) 607-632
18. Goldfarb B., and Henrekson M.R. Bottom-up versus top-down policies towards the commercialization of university intellectual property. Research Policy 32 (2003) 639-658
19. Griliches Z. R&D, Patents, and Productivity (1984), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
20. Grimaldi R., and von Tunzelmann N. Assessing collaborative, pre-competitive R&D projects: The case of the UK LINK scheme. R&D Management 32 (2002) 165-173
21. Guy K., and Quintas P. Collaborative, pre-competitive R&D and the firm. Research Policy 24 (1995) 325-348
22. Hausman J., Hall B.H., and Griliches Z. Econometric models for count data with an application to the patents-R&D relationship. Econometrica 52 (1984) 909-938
23. Henderson R., Jaffe A.B., and Trajitenberg M. Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965-88. The Review of Economics and Statistics 80 (1998) 119-132
24. Henrekson M., and Rosenberg N. Designing efficient institutions for science-based entrepreneurship: lessons from U.S. and Sweden. Journal of Technology Transfer 26 (2001) 207-231
25. Huber P.J. The behaviour of maximum likelihood estimates under non-standard conditions. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, vol. 1. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1967) 221-233
26. Lach, S., Schankerman, M., 2003. Incentives and invention in universities, NBER working paper # 9727.
27. Liang K.-Y., and Zeger S.L. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73 (1986) 13-22
28. Mansfield E. Academic research and industrial innovation. Research Policy 20 (1991) 1-12
29. McMillan G.S., and Hamilton III R.D. The impact of publicly funded basic research: an integrative extension of Martin and Salter. IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management 50 (2003) 184-191
30. Meyer M. Academic patents as an indicator of useful research? A new approach to measure academic inventiveness. Research Evaluation 12 (2003) 17-27
31. Mian S.A. Assessing value-added contributions of university technology business incubators to tenant firms. Research Policy 25 (1996) 325-335
32. Mowery D.C., Nelson R.R., Sampat B.R., and Ziedonis A.A. Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation (2004), Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
33. Mowery D.C., Sampat B.N., and Ziedonis A.A. Learning to patent: institutional experience, learning and the characteristics of U.S. university patents after the Bayh-Dole Act, 1981-2002. Management Science 48 (2002) 73-89
34. OECD, 2003. Turning Science into Business. Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organizations. OECD Publications, Paris.
35. Rosenberg N., and Nelson R.R. American universities and technical advance in industry. Research Policy 23 (1994) 323-348
36. Sampat B.N., Mowery D.C., and Ziedonis A.A. Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole act: a re-examination. International Journal of Industrial Organization 21 (2003) 1371-1390
37. Saragossi S., and van Pottelsberghe B. What patent data reveal about universities: the case of Belgium. The Journal of Technology Transfer 28 (2003) 47-51
38. Shane S. Selling university technology: patterns from MIT. Management Science 48 (2002) 122-137
39. Shane S. Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spin-offs and Wealth Creation (2004), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA
40. The Economist, 2004. What next for Britain universities? 29th January.
41. Thursby J.C., Jensen R., and Thursby M.C. Objectives, characteristics and outcomes of university licensing: a survey of major U.S. universities. Journal of Technology Transfer 26 (2001) 59-72
42. Trune D., and Goslin L. Assessment of technology transfer profitability within U.S. universities. European Biopharmaceutical Review 4 3 (2000) 56-62
43. van Looy B., Ranga M., Callaert J., Debackere K., and Zimmermann E. Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?. Research Policy 33 (2004) 425-441
44. White H. Where do markets come from?. American Journal of Sociology 87 (1981) 517-547