Life cycle assessment study of solar PV systems: An example of a 2.7 kWp distributed solar PV system in Singapore

Solar Energy

Volumn 80, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 555-563

  Kannan, R ^a   Leong, K C ^a   Osman, R ^a   Ho, H K ^a   Tso, C P ^b  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^b MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Distributed generation; Greenhouse gas emissions; Life cycle assessment; Life cycle cost analysis; Solar PV

Indexed keywords

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; ENERGY UTILIZATION; IRRADIATION; LIFE CYCLE; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS;

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION; GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS; SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAICS;

SOLAR ENERGY;

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; ENERGY UTILIZATION; IRRADIATION; LIFE CYCLE; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SOLAR ENERGY;

ELECTRICITY; GREENHOUSE GAS; IRRADIATION; SOLAR POWER;

ASIA; EURASIA; SINGAPORE [SOUTHEAST ASIA]; SOUTHEAST ASIA;

EID: 33646129459     PISSN: 0038092X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.008     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. APERC, 2003. APEC energy overview, Asia Pacific Energy Research Center, Japan. Available from: .
2. BCA, 2004. Photovoltaic Demonstration-cum-Research Project, Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. Available from: .
3. Corkish R. Can solar cells ever recapture the energy invested in their manufacture?. Solar Progress 18 2 (1997) 16-17 Australia and New Zealand Solar Energy Society
4. EMA, 2003. Installed capacity and maximum demand, Fourth Quarterly report, Energy Market Authority, Singapore. Available from: .
5. EMA, 2004a. Historical yearly electricity consumption from 1986-2003, Energy Market Authority, Singapore. Available from: .
6. EMA, 2004b. Annual Report 2003/04, Energy Market Authority, Singapore. Available from: .
7. EMC, 2003. Wholesale Electricity Market Report, Energy Market Company, Singapore. Available from: .
8. Fthenakis V.M. End-of-life management and recycling of PV modules. Energy Policy 28 14 (2000) 1051-1058
9. Fthenakis V.M. Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 8 4 (2004) 303-334
10. Gagnon L., Belanger C., and Uchiyama Y. Life-cycle assessment of electricity generation options: The status of research in year 2001. Energy Policy 30 14 (2002) 1267-1278
11. GEMIS, 2002. Global emission model for integrated systems, GEMIS 4.1 Database (September 2002), Öko-Institut Darmstadt, Germany.
12. Hagedorn, G., 1989. Hidden energy in solar cells and photovoltaic power station. In: Proceedings of 9th PV specialist conference, Germany, pp. 542-546.
13. IPCC, 1996. Green House Gas Inventory Workbook: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, vol. 2, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
14. Kannan R., Leong K.C., Osman R., Ho H.K., and Tso C.P. Gas-fired combined cycle plant in Singapore: energy use, GWP and cost-a life cycle approach. Energy Conversion and Management 46 13-14 (2005) 2145-2157
15. Kannan R., Tso C.P., Osman R., and Ho H.K. LCA-LCCA of oil-fired steam turbine power plant in Singapore. Energy Conversion and Management 45 18-19 (2004) 3093-3107
16. Karl, E.K., Theresa, L.J., 2002. Initial empirical results for the energy payback time of photovoltaic modules, Siemens Solar Industries, Camarillo.
17. Kato K., Murata A., and Sakuta K. An evaluation on the life cycle of photovoltaic energy system considering production energy of off-grade silicon. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 47 (1997) 95-100
18. Mathur J., Bansal N.K., and Wagner H.J. Energy and environmental correlation for renewable energy systems in India. Energy Sources 24 (2002) 19-26
19. Meteorological Service Singapore, 1997. Monthly Abstract of Meteorological Observations.
20. Nieuwlaar E., Alsema E., and van Engelenburg B. Using life-cycle assessments for the environmental evaluation of greenhouse gas mitigation options. Energy Conversion and Management 37 6-8 (1996) 831-836
21. Phylipsen, G.J.M., Alsema, E., 1995. Environmental life-cycle assessment of multicrystalline silicon solar cell modules (Report no. 95057), Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
22. Singapore Department of Statistics, 2004. Yearbook of Statistics.
23. Singapore Power, 2004. SP PowerGrid Reduces Electricity Transmission Charges, press release 27 April.
24. Solarbuzz, 2005. Solar module and inverter prices. Available from: .
25. The Business Times, Singapore, 2004. Building a small LNG terminal, 22 November.
26. The Straits Times, Singapore, 2004. Oil prices heat up to new high as winter nears, 19 October.
27. van Margreet, B., van Barend, E., Nieuwlaar, E., 1994. Methodology for the life cycle assessment of energy technologies (Report No. 94024), Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
28. World Bank, 2004. World Development Indicators 2004 [CD ROM].
29. 10X Group, 2005. Singapore fuel oil (180 cst Sing swap) price-deal and midpoint reports. Available from: .