Text legibility and the letter superiority effect

Human Factors

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 797-815

  Sheedy, James E ^a   Subbaram, Manoj V ^a,b   Zimmerman, Aaron B ^a   Hayes, John R ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEGIBILITY; PIXEL HEIGHTS; STROKE WIDTHS; THRESHOLD LEGIBILITY;

DESIGN; DISPLAY DEVICES; OPTIMIZATION; VISION;

TEXT PROCESSING;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DISPLAY SYSTEM; ELECTRONICS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; READING; VISUAL ACUITY; WORD RECOGNITION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COMPUTERS; HUMANS; PRINTING; READING;

EID: 33646124994     PISSN: 00187208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1518/001872005775570998     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arditi, A., Cagenello, R., & Jacobs, B. (1995). Letter, strokewidth, spacing, and legibility. 1995 Technical Digest Series, 1, 324-327.
2. Arditi, A., Knoblauch, K., & Grunwald, I. (1990). Reading with fixed and variable character pitch. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 7, 2011-2015.
3. Arps, R. B., Erdmann, R. L., Neal, A. S., & Schlaepfer, C. E. (1969). Character legibility versus resolution in image processing of printed matter. IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems, 10, 66-71.
4. Bailey, I. L., & Lovie, J. E. (1976). New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 53, 740-745.
5. Cheong, A. C., Lovie-Kitchin, J. E., & Bowers, A. R. (2002). Determining magnification for reading with low vision. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 85, 229-237.
6. Dillon, A. (1992). Reading from paper versus screens: A critical review of the empirical literature. Ergonomics, 35, 1291-1326.
7. Flom, M. C., Weymouth, F. W., & Kahneman, D. (1963). Visual resolution and contour interaction, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 53, 1026-1032.
8. Gould, J. D., Alfaro, L., Barnes, V., Finn, R., Grischokowsky, N., & Minuto, A. (1987). Reading from CRT displays can be as fast as reading from paper. Human Factors, 29, 497-517.
9. Gould, J. D., & Grischokowsky, N. (1984). Doing the same work with hard copy and with cathode-ray tube (CRT) computer terminals. Human Factors, 26, 323-337.
10. ISO. (1994). Optics and optical instruments: Visual acuity testing - Correlation of optotypes (ISO/DIS 8597). New York: American National Standards Institute.
11. Jorna, G. C., & Snyder, H. L. (1991). Image quality determines differences in reading performance and perceived image quality with CRT and hard-copy displays. Human Factors, 33, 459-469.
12. Juola, J. F., Tiritogly, A., & Pleunis, J. (1995). Reading text presented on a small display. Applied Ergonomics, 26, 227-229.
13. Luckiesh, M., & Moss, F. K. (1939). The visibility and readability of printed matter. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 645-659.
14. Luckiesh, M., & Moss, F. K. (1940). Boldness as a factor in type-design and typography. Journal of Applied Psychology, 24, 170-183.
15. Miyao, M., Hacisalihzade, S. S., Allen, J. S., & Stark, L. W. (1989). Effects of VDT resolution on visual fatigue and readability: An eye movement approach. Ergonomics, 32, 603-614.
16. Muter, P., Latremouille, S. A., Treumiet, W. C., & Beam, P. (1982). Extended reading of continuous text on television screens. Human Factors, 24, 501-508.
17. Naiman, A. C., & Makous, W. (1993). Undetected gray strips displace perceived edges nonlinearly. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 10, 794-803.
18. National Research Council. (1994). Measurement of visual field and visual acuity for disability determination. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
19. Ovink, G. W. (1938). Legibility, atmosphere-value and forms of printing types (1st ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: A. W. Sitjthoff's Uitgerversmaatschappij.
20. Paap, K. R., Newsome, S. L., & Noel, R. W. (1984). Word shape's in poor shape for the race to the lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 413-428.
21. Patterson, D. G., & Tinker, M. A. (1929). Studies of typographical factors influencing speed of reading: II. Size of type. Journal of Applied Psychology, 13, 120-130.
22. Patterson, D. G., & Tinker, M. A. (1940). How to make type readable. Ames, IA: Harpers.
23. Rayner, K., & Pollatseck, A. (1989). The psychology of reading (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
24. Reicher, G. M. (1969). Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 275-280.
25. Roethlein, B. E. (1912). The relative legibility of different faces of printing types. American Journal of Psychology, 23, 1-36.
26. SAS Institute. (1999). SAS/Stat user's guide, Version 8. Cary, NC: Author.
27. Sheedy, J. E., & Bailey, I. L. (1994). Using visual acuity to measure display legibility. In SID symposium digest of technical papers (pp. 77-81). San Jose, CA: Society for Information Display.
28. Sheedy, J. E., & McCarthy, M. (1994). Reading performance and visual comfort with scale to grey compared with black-and-white scanned print. Displays, 15, 27-30.
29. Sheedy J. E., Subbaram, M. V., & Hayes, J. R. (2002). Computer displays - Performance and comfort displays [Abstract]. Optometry and Vision Science, 79, S285.
30. Starch, D. (1923). Principles of advertising. Chicago: A. W. Shaw.
31. Tinker, M. A. (1955). Prolonged reading tasks in visual research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 444-446.
32. Tinker, M. A. (1963). Legibility of print (1st ed.). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
33. Tinker, M. A., & Patterson, D. G. (1928). Influence of type form on speed of reading. Journal of Applied Psychology, 12, 359-368.
34. Tinker, M. A., & Patterson, D. G. (1939). Influence of type form on eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 528-531.
35. Tyrrell, R. A., Pasquale, T. B., Aten, T., & Francis, E. L. (2000). Empirical evaluation of user responses to reading text rendered using ClearType technologies. In SID symposium digest of technical papers (Vol. 32, pp. 1205-1207). San Jose, CA: Society for Information Display.
36. Weiss, A. P. (1917). The focal variator. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 106-113.
37. Whittaker, S. G., & Lovie-Kitchin, J. (1993). Visual requirements for reading. Optometry and Vision Science, 70, 54-65.
38. Wilkinson, R., & Robinshaw, H. (1987). Proofreading: VDU and paper text compared for speed, accuracy and fatigue. Behaviour and Information Technology, 6, 125-133.
39. Yager, D., Aquilante, K., & Plass, R. (1998). High and low luminance letters, acuity reserve, and font effects on reading speed. Vision Research, 38, 2527-2531.
40. Ziefle, M. (1998). Effects of display resolution on visual performance. Human Factors, 40, 554-568.