Thinking beyond the risk factors

European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 645-652

  Blackstone, Eugene H ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical epidemiology; Outcomes research; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

AORTA DISEASE; AORTA VALVE DISEASE; AORTA VALVE REGURGITATION; AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; ARTICLE; ATRESIA; CARDIAC PATIENT; CARDIOGENIC SHOCK; DISEASE SEVERITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART SURGERY; HISTORY; HUMAN; NORWOOD PROCEDURE; PATIENT CARE; PLAGUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SOCIAL ASPECT; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; UNITED KINGDOM;

CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HISTORY, 17TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; LONDON; PLAGUE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RISK FACTORS; RISK MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT FAILURE;

EID: 33646086495     PISSN: 10107940     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Graunt J. Natural and political observations made upon the Bills of Mortality. 1662. Reprint (1939), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
2. Hacking J. The emergence of probability (1975), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge p. 102
3. Blackstone E.H. Black death, smallpox, and continuity in nature: philosophies in generating new knowledge from clinical experiences. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 47 (1999) 279-287
4. Gordon T., and Kannel W.B. Predisposition to atherosclerosis in the head, heart, and legs. The Framingham study. J Am Med Assoc 221 (1972) 661-666
5. Gordon T. Statistics in a prospective study: the Framingham Study. In: Gail MH, Johnson NL, editors. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association: sesquicentennial invited paper sessions. Alexandria, VA: ASA; 1989. p. 719-26.
6. Belgin U., Critchley J.A., and Capewell S. Modelling the decline in coronary heart disease deaths in England and Wales, 1981-2000: comparing contributions from primary prevention and secondary prevention. Br Med J 331 (2005) 614-619
7. Kirklin J.W. A letter to Helen (presidential address). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 78 (1979) 643-654
8. Rizzoli G., Blackstone E.H., Kirklin J.W., Pacifico A.D., and Bargeron Jr. L.M. Incremental risk factors in hospital mortality rate after repair of ventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80 (1980) 494-505
9. Kouchoukos N.T., Blackstone E.H., Doty D.B., Hanley F.L., and Karp R.B. Cardiac surgery. 3rd ed. (2003), Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia p. 306-7
10. Blackstone E.H., and Kirklin J.W. Rational decision-making in paediatric cardiac surgery. In: Godman M. (Ed). Paediatric cardiology vol. 4 (1981), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 334-344
11. Kouchoukos N.T., Blackstone E.H., Doty D.B., Hanley F.L., and Karp R.B. Cardiac surgery (2003), Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia p. 259-69
12. Leape L.L. Error in medicine. J Am Med Assoc 272 (1994) 1851-1857
13. Dubois R.W., and Brook R.H. Preventable deaths: who, how often, and why?. Ann Intern Med 109 (1988) 582-589
14. Studer M., Blackstone E.H., Kirklin J.W., Pacifico A.D., Soto B., Chung G.K., Kirklin J.K., and Bargeron Jr. L.M. Determinants of early and late results of repair of atrioventricular septal (canal) defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 84 (1982) 523-542
15. Katz N.M., Blackstone E.H., Kirklin J.W., Bradley E.L., and Lemons J.E. Suture techniques for atrioventricular valves: experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81 (1981) 528-536
16. Bhudia SK, McCarthy PM, Kumpati GS, Helou J, Hoercher KJ, Rajeswaran J, Blackstone EH. Improved outcomes after aortic valve surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation with severe left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol, in press.
17. Jacobs M.L., Blackstone E.H., and Bailey L.L. Intermediate survival in neonates with aortic atresia: a multi-institutional study. The Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116 (1998) 417-431
18. Reason J. Human error (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
19. Stephenson A.J., Scardino P.T., Eastham J.A., Bianco Jr. F.J., Dotan Z.A., DiBlasio C.J., Reuther A., Klein E.A., and Kattan M.W. Postoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 7005-7012
20. Daly R.C., Dearani J.A., McGregor C.G., Mullany C.J., Orszulak T.A., Puga F.J., Schaff H.V., Sundt III T.M., and Zehr K.J. Fifty years of open heart surgery at the Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clin Proc 80 (2005) 636-640
21. Kouchoukos N.T., Blackstone E.H., Doty D.B., Hanley F.L., and Karp R.B. Cardiac surgery (2003), Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia p. 259-60
22. Porter M.E., and Teisberg E.O. Redefining competition in health care. Harv Bus Rev 82 (2004) 64-76
23. O'Brien M.M., Shroyer A.L., Moritz T.E., London M.J., Grunwald G.K., Villanueva C.B., Thottapurathu L.G., MaWhinney S., Marshall G., McCarthy Jr. M., Henderson W.G., Sethi G.K., Grover F.L., and Hammermeister K.E. Relationship between processes of care and coronary bypass operative mortality and morbidity. Med Care 42 (2004) 59-70
24. Silber J.H., Williams S.V., Krakauer H., and Schwartz J.S. Hospital and patient characteristics associated with death after surgery. A study of adverse occurrence and failure to rescue. Med Care 30 (1992) 615-629
25. Silber J.H., Rosenbaum P.R., Schwartz J.S., Ross R.N., and Williams S.V. Evaluation of the complication rate as a measure of quality of care in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Am Med Assoc 274 (1995) 317-323
26. Berkson J. Why I prefer logits to probits. Biometrics 7 (1951) 327-339