A case of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia treated with immunosuppressive therapy: A lesson for immunologists

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

Volumn 140, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 82-88

  Sirianni, Maria Caterina ^a   Atzori, Chiara ^c   De Santis, Wladimiro ^a   Milito, Cinzia ^a   Esposito, Antonella ^a   Marziali, Marco ^a   Bernardi, Maria Livia ^a   Cargnel, Antonietta ^c   Aiuti, Fernando ^a,b  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b POLICLINICO UMBERTO I   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Lymphoproliferative response; Na ve T cells; Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia; X linked agammaglobulinaemia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CEFTRIAXONE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DEFLAZACORT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; MITOGENIC AGENT; PADGEM PROTEIN; PREDNISONE; SALICYLIC ACID; STEROID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CD4 CD8 RATIO; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL COUNT; COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA M; HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION; LENGTH OF STAY; LONG TERM CARE; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MALE; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MEMORY CELL; PHENOTYPE; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REMISSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULITIS; X LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA;

ADULT; AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS, CULTURED; GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INFANT; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; MALE; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS;

EID: 33645990606     PISSN: 10182438     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000092139     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Bruton OC: Agammaglobulinemia. Pediatrics 1952;9:722-728.
2. Tsukada S, Saffran DC, Rawlings DJ, Parolini O, Allen RC, Klisak I, Sparkes RC, Kubagawa H, Mohandas T, Quan S, Belmont JW, Cooper MD, Conley ME, Witte ON: Deficient expression of a B cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase in human X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Cell 1993;72:279-290.
3. Stringer JR: Pneumocystis. Int J Med Microbiol 2002;292:391-404.
4. Fuleihan RL: The X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome. Semin Hematol 1998;35:321-331.
5. Baumgartner R, Durant PJ, van Gessel Y, Chattopadhyay S, Beswick RL, Tadaki DK, Lasbury ME, Lee CH, Perrin PJ, Lee KP: Evidence for the requirement of T cell costimulation in the pathogenesis of natural Pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infection. Microb Pathog 2002;33:193-201.
6. Berrington JE, Flood TJ, Abinun M, Galloway A, Cant AJ: Unsuspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at presentation of severe primary immunodeficiency. Arch Dis Child 2000;82:144-147.
7. Alibrahim A, Lepore M, Lierl M, Filipovich A, Assaad A: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:552-553.
8. Gaspar HB, Ferrando M, Caragol I, Hernandez M, Bertran JM, De Gracia X, Lester T, Kinnon C, Ashton E, Espanol T: Kinase mutant Btk results in atypical X-linked agammaglobulinaemia phenotype. Clin Exp Immunol 2000;120:346-350.
9. Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, Walzer PD, Hanson DL, Frederick T, Huang L, Beard CB, Kaplan JE: Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:1713-1720.
10. Radisic M, Lattes R, Chapman JF, del Carmen Rial M, Guardia O, Seu F, Gutierrez P, Goldberg J, Casadei DH: Risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: a case-control study. Transpl Infect Dis 2003;5:84-93.
11. Dworkin MS, Williamson J, Jones JL, Kaplan JE: Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project. Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: impact on risk for infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:393-398.
12. Guazzi V, Aiuti F, Mezzaroma I, Mazzetta F, Andolfi G, Mortellaro A, Pierdominici M, Fantini R, Marziali M, Aiuti A: Assessment of thymic output in common variable immunodeficiency patients by evaluation of T cell receptor excision circles. Clin Exp Immunol 2002;129:346-353.
13. Atzori C, Clerici M, Trabattoni D, Fantoni G, Valerio A, Tronconi E, Cargnel A: Assessment of immune reconstitution to Pneumocystis carinii in HIV-1 patients under different highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:276-281.
14. Fauci AS: The vasculitis syndromes; in Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, ed 15. New York, McGraw Hill, 2001, pp 1956-1969.
15. Kanegane H, Ito Y, Ohshima K, Shichijo T, Tomimasu K, Nomura K, Futatani T, Sumazaki R, Miyawaki T: X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome presenting with systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. Am J Hematol 2005;78:130-133.
16. Brewer JA, Kanagawa O, Sleckman BP, Muglia LJ: Thymocyte apoptosis induced by T cell activation is mediated by glucocorticoids in vivo. J Immunol 2002;169:1837-1843.
17. Bach JF: Infections and autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2005;25(suppl):74-80.
18. Raychaudhuri SP, Siu S: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for dermatological diseases. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:528-530.
19. Mezzaroma I, Giovannetti A, Pinter E, Ensoli F, Aiuti F: Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-I-infected patients responding to HAART: is prophylaxis discontinuation a safe tool? AIDS 1999;13:2488-2489.
20. Vossen MT, Biezeveld MH, de Jong MD, Gent MR, Baars PA, von Rosenstiel IA, van Lier RA, Kuijpers TW: Absence of circulating natural killer and primed CD8+ cells in life-threatening varicella. J Infect Dis 2005;191:198-206.
21. Clerici M, Stocks NI, Zajac RA, Boswell RN, Lucey DR, Via CS, Shearer GM: Detection of three distinct patterns of T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. Independence of CD4+ cell numbers and clinical staging. J Clin Invest 1989;84:1892-1899.