Apolipoproteins AI and B as therapeutic targets

Journal of Internal Medicine

Volumn 259, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 462-472

  Charlton Menys, V ^a   Durrington, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Apolipoprotein AI; Apolipoprotein B; Cholesterol; Fibrates; Statins

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; ATORVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPID; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APOLIPOPROTEIN B APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 RATIO; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG RESPONSE; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MEASUREMENT; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CLINICAL TRIALS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD; PYRROLES;

EID: 33645976902     PISSN: 09546820     EISSN: 13652796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01646.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (69)

1. Durrington PN Whicher JJ Warner C Bolton CH Hartog M. A comparison of methods for the immunoassay of apolipoprotein B in man. Clin Chim Acta 1976 71 95 108.
2. Durrington PN Bolton CH Hartog M. Serum and lipoprotein apolipoprotein B levels in normal subjects and patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. Clin Chim Acta 1978 82 151 60.
3. Sniderman A Shapiro S Marpole D Skinner B Teng B Kwiterovich POJ. Association of coronary atherosclerosis with hyperapobetalipoproteinaemia (increased protein but normal cholesterol levels in human plasma low density (beta) lipoproteins). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980 77 604 8.
4. Austin MA Breslow JL Hennekens CH Buring JE Willett WC Kauss RM. Low density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1988 260 1917.
5. De Graaf J Hak-Lemmers H Hectors M Demacker P Hendriks J Statenhof AFH. Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein sub-fraction in healthy subjects. Arterioscler Thromb 1991 11 298 306.
6. Chait A Brazg R Tribble D Krauss R. Susceptibility of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins to oxidative modification in subjects with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, pattern B. Am J Med 1993 94 350 6.
7. Dejager S Bruckert E Chapman MJ. Dense low density lipoprotein subspecies with diminished oxidative resistance predominate in combined hyperlipidaemia. J Lipid Res 1993 34 295 308.
8. Benitez S Sanchez-Quesada J Ribas V et al. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase is mainly associated with electronegative low-density lipoprotein subfractions. Circulation 2003 108 92 6.
9. Griffin BA Freeman DJ Tait G et al. Role of plasma triglyceride in the regulation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions. Relative contribution of small dense LDL to coronary heart disease risk. Atherosclerosis 1994 106 241 9.
10. Avogaro P Bittolo Bon G Cazzolato G Quina GB. Are apolipoproteins better discriminators than lipids for atherosclerosis Lancet 1979 i 901 3.
11. Sniderman AD Wolfson C Teng B Franklin FA Bachorik PS Kwiterovich PO. Association of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia and atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1982 97 833 9.
12. Durrington PN Hunt L Ishola M Kane J Stephens WP. Serum apolipoproteins AI and B and lipoproteins in middle-aged men with and without previous myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1986 56 206 12.
13. Lamarche B Moorjani S Lupien PJ et al. Apolipoprotein AI and B levels and the risk of ischemic heart disease during a five-year follow-up of men in the Quebec cardiovascular study. Circulation 1996 94 273 8.
14. Walldius G Jungner I Holme I Aastveit AH Kolar W Steiner E. High apolipoprotein B, low apolipoprotein A-1, and improvement in the prediction of fatal myocardial infarction (AMORIS study): a prospective study. Lancet 2001 358 2026 33.
15. Talmud PJ Hawe E Miller GJ Humphries SE. Non-fasting apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels as a useful predictor of coronary heart disease risk in middle-aged UK men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002 22 1918 23.
16. Lamarche B Tchernof A Dagenais GR Cantin B Lupien PJ Després JP. Small, dense LDL particles and the risk of ischemic heart disease. Prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Circulation 1997 95 69 75.
17. Gofman JW de Lalla O Glazier F et al. The serum lipoprotein transport system in health, metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Plasma 1954 2 413 84.
18. Gordon DJ Probstfield JL Garrison RJ et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 1989 79 8 15.
19. Bhatnagar D Durrington PN. Measurement and clinical significance of apolipoproteins A-1and B Chapter 14. In Rifai N Warnick GR Dominiczak MH eds. Handbook of Lipoprotein Testing 2nd edn.
20. Yusuf S Hawken S Öunpuu S et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004 364 937 52.
21. Meisinger C Loewel H Mraz W Koening W. Prognostic value of apolipoprotein B and AI in the prediction of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Eur Heart J 2005 26 271 8.
22. Colhoun HM Betteridge DJ Durrington PN et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004 364 685 96.
23. Colhoun H Betteridge DJ Durrington PN et al. Rapid emergence of effect of Atorvastatin on cardiovascular outcomes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS). Diabetologia 2005 48 2482 5.
24. Ballantyne CM Andrews TC Hsia JA Kramer JH Shear C for the ACCESS Study Group. Correlation of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with apolipoprotein B: effect of 5-hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Am J Cardiol 2001 88 265 9.
25. Sniderman AD Furberg CD Keech A et al. Apolipoproteins versus lipids as indices of coronary risk and as targets for statin therapy treatment. Lancet 2003 361 777 80.
26. Gaw A Packard CJ Murray EF et al. Effects of simvastatin on apo B metabolism and LDL subfraction distribution. Arterioscler Thromb 1993 13 170 89.
27. Caslake MJ Stewart G Day SP et al. Phenotype-dependent and independent action of rosuvastatin on atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions in hyperlipidaemia. Atherosclerosis 2003 171 245 53.
28. Soedamah-Muthu SS Colhoun HM Thomason MJ et al. The effect of atorvastatin on serum lipids, lipoproteins and NMR-spectroscopy defined lipoprotein subclasses in type 2 diabetic patients with ischaemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2003 167 243 55.
29. Barter P. CETP and atherosclerosis. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 2000 20 2029 31.
30. Chung BH Segrest JP Franklin F. In vitro production of β-very low density lipoproteins and small dense low density lipoproteins in mildly hypertriglyceridemic plasma: role of activities of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesteryl ester transfer proteins and lipoprotein lipase. Atherosclerosis 1998 141 209 25.
31. Zambon A Austin MA Brown BG Hokanson JE Brunzell JD. Effect of hepatic lipase on LDL in normal men and those with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1993 13 147 53.
32. Taskinen MR. Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice. Diabetologia 2003 46 733 49.
33. Arrol S Mackness MI Durrington PN. Vitamin E supplementation increases the resistance of both LDL and HDL to oxidation and increases cholesteryl ester transfer activity. Atherosclerosis 2000 150 129 34.
34. Bhatnagar D Durrington PN Channon K Prais H Mackness MI. Increased transfer of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins to low density and very low density lipoproteins in patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1993 98 25 32.
35. Bhatnagar D Kumar S Mackness MI Durrington PN. Plasma lipoprotein composition and cholesteryl ester transfer form high density lipoproteins to very low density lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Med 1996 13 139 44.
36. Sakai N Matsuzawa Y Kirano K et al. Detection of two species of low density lipoprotein particles in cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb 1991 11 71 79.
37. Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis. Nature 2000 407 233 41.
38. Durrington PN Mackness MI Bhatnagar D et al. Effects of two different fibric acid derivatives on lipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor and paraoxonase activity in type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia. Atherosclerosis 1998 138 217 25.
39. Caslake MJ Packard CJ Gaw A et al. Fenofibrate and LDL metabolic heterogeneity in hypercholesterolaemia. Arteriosclerosis 1993 13 702 11.
40. Gaw A Packard CJ Caslake MJ et al. Effects of ciprofibrate on LDL metabolism in man. Atherosclerosis 1994 108 137 48.
41. Carlson LA Olsson AG Ballantyne D. On the rise in low density and high density lipoproteins in response to treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia in type IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemia. Atherosclerosis 1977 26 603 9.
42. Mann CJ Yen FT Grant AM Bihain BE. Mechanism of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in hypertriglyceridaemia. J Clin Invest 1991 88 2059 66.
43. Bhatnagar D Durrington PN Mackness MI Arrol S Winocour PH Prais H. Effects of treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia with gemfibrozil on serum lipoproteins and the transfer of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoproteins to low density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1992 92 49 57.
44. Genest J Sniderman AD Cianflone K et al. Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia: plasma lipoprotein responses to oral fat load. Arteriosclerosis 1986 6 297 304.
45. Bhatnagar D Durrington PN Arrol S. Postprandial plasma lipoprotein responses to a mixed meal in subjects with hyperapobetalipoproteinaemia. Clin Biochem 1992 25 341 3.
46. Channon KM Clegg RJ Bhatnagar D Ishola M Arrol S Durrington PN. Investigation of lipid transfer in human serum leading to the development of an isotopic method for the determination of endogenous cholesterol esterification and transfer. Atherosclerosis 1990 80 217 26.
47. Krauss RM Burke DJ. Identification of multiple subclasses of plasma low density lipoproteins in normal humans. J Lipid Res 1982 23 97 104.
48. Kazumi T Kawaguchi A Hozumi T et al. Low density lipoprotein particle diameter in young, non-obese, normolipidemic Japanese men. Atherosclerosis 1999 142 113 9.
49. Hirano T Ito Y Saegusa H Yoshino G. A novel and simple method for quantification of small dense LDL. J Lipid Res 2003 44 2193 201.
50. Menys VC Liu Y Mackness MI et al. Isolation of plasma small-dense low-density lipoprotein using a simple air-driven ultracentrifuge and quantification using immunoassay of apolipoprotein B. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004 42 30 6.
51. Anderson KM Wilson PWF Odell PM Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation 1991 83 356 62.
52. National Cholesterol Education Program. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001 285 2486 97.
53. Menys VC Liu Y Mackness MI Caslake MJ Kwok S Durrington PN. Measurement of plasma small-dense LDL concentration by a simplified ultracentrifugation procedure and immunoassay of apolipoprotein B. Clin Chim Acta 2003 334 95 106.
54. Brousseau ME Schaefer EJ Wolfe ML et al. Effects of an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on HDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2004 350 1505 15.
55. Durrington PN Tuomilehto J Hamann A Kallend D Smith K. Rosuvastatin and fenofibrate alone and in combination in type 2 diabetes with combined hyperlipidaemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004 64 137 51.
56. Durrington P. HDL in risk prediction and its direct and indirect involvement in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2002 Suppl 3/4 3 12.
57. Assmann G von Eckardstein A Funke H. High density lipoproteins, reverse transport of cholesterol, and coronary artery disease. Insights from mutations. Circulation 1993 87 Suppl. III III28 34.
58. Li H Reddick RL Maeda N. Lack of apo A-1 is not associated with increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb 1993 13 1814 21.
59. Ordovas JM Cassidy DK Civeira F Bisgaier CL Schafer EJ. Familial apolipoprotein A1, CIII and AIV deficiency and premature atherosclerosis due to deletion of a gene complex on chromosome II. J Biol Chem 1989 264 16339 42.
60. Sacks FM Castelli WP Donner A Kass EH. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls. N Engl J Med 1975 292 1148 51.
61. Burslem J Schonfeld G Howald MA Weidman SW Miller JP. Plasma apoprotein and lipid levels in vegetarians. Metabolism 1978 27 711.
62. Simons LA. Interrelations of lipids and lipoproteins with coronary artery disease mortality in 19 countries. Am J Cardiol 1986 57 5G 10G.
63. Patel J Vyas A Cruickshank JK et al. Impact of migration on coronary heart disease risk factors: comparison of Gujaratis in Britain and their contemporaries in villages of origin in India. Atherosclerosis 2006 185 297 306.
64. Grundy SM. Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for plasma cholesterol lowering. N Engl J Med 1986 314 745 8.
65. Kwok S Selby PL McElduff P et al. Progestrogens of varying androgenicity and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women receiving oestrogen replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol 2004 61 60 7.
66. Durrington PN. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus: an analysis of factors which influence its concentration. Clin Chim Acta 1980 104 11 23.
67. Brewer HB. High-density lipoproteins: a new potential therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004 24 387 91.
68. Richard E von Muhlen D Barrett-Conner E Alcarez J Davis R McCarthy JJ. Modification of the effects of estrogen therapy on HDL cholesterol levels by polymorphisms of the HDL-C receptor, SR-B1: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Atherosclerosis 2005 180 255 62.
69. Mackness B Durrington PN Boulton AJM Hine D Mackness MI. Serum paraoxonase activity in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. Eur J Clin Invest 2002 32 259 64.