Fire calorimetry relying on the use of the fire propagation apparatus. Part I: Early learning from use in Europe

Fire and Materials

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 131-149

  Brohez, Sylvain ^a   Marlair, G ^b   Delvosalle, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONS   (Belgium)

^b INSTITUT NATIONAL DE L ENVIRONNEMENT INDUSTRIEL ET DES RISQUES INERIS   (France)

Author keywords

Commissioning tests; Fire propagation apparatus; Heat release rate; Species yields; Underventilation

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; CALIBRATION; FLAMMABILITY TESTING; METHANE;

BENCH-SCALE FIRE TESTS; COMMISSIONING TESTS; FIRE CALORIMETER; FIRE PROPAGATION APPARATUS; HEAT RELEASE RATE;

CALORIMETERS;

EID: 33645975232     PISSN: 03080501     EISSN: 10991018     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/fam.896     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Tewarson A, Pion RF. Flammability of plastics. I. Burning intensity. Combustion and Flame 1976; 26:85-103.
2. Costa C, Tréand G, Moineault F, Gustin J-L. Assessment of the thermal and toxic effects of chemical and pesticide pool fires bases on experimental data obtained using the Tewarson apparatus. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 1999; 77(B3):154-164.
3. Marlair G, Prager FH, Sand H. The behaviour of commercially important diisocyanates in fire conditions. Part I and II. Fire and Materials 1993; 17:91-102 and 1994; 18:17-30.
4. ISO 5660-1. Rate of Heat Release of Building Products (Cone Calorimeter). International Standards Organisation: Geneva, 1992.
5. ASTM E 906. Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products. ASTM Fire Tests Standards. The American Society for Testing and Materials: PA, 1999; 658-683.
6. ASTM E 2058-00. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA), January 2000. American Society for Testing and Materials: West Conshohocken, PA, 2000.
7. NFPA 287. Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Flammability of Materials in Clean Rooms Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA). 2000 edition, NFPA International: Quincy, MA, USA.
8. Tewarson A. Heat release rates from burning plastics. Journal of Fire and Flammability 1977; 8:115-130.
9. Tewarson A, Chu F, Jiang FH. Combustion of halogenated polymers. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of Fire Safety Science, 13/14 June 1994, Ottawa, Canada, 563-574.
10. Tewarson A, Jiang FH, Morikawa T. Ventilation controlled combustion of polymers. Combustion and Flame 1993; 95:151-169.
11. Thibert E, Gautier B. Combustion of an electrical cable insulation: thermal study and modeling at EDF. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1999; 64:585-593.
12. Marlair G, Costa C, Gautier B, Ledoux H, Brohez S. On going experimental fire research and testing in France using test rigs derived from the 'Tewarson Apparatus'. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Fire Safety Science, Curtat M (ed.), 5-9 July 1999, Poitiers, France, 1216.
13. Malet JC. Main results of the MISTRAL program. Application to real accident cases and R&D needs for the safety of industrial facilities. Industrial Fires III Workshop, Rasmussen B, Petersen KE (eds), 17/18 September 1996, Riso, DK. EUR17477 EN.
14. Tewarson A. Generation of heat and chemical compounds in fires. In The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd edn. The National Fire Protection Association Press: Quincy, MA. 1995; Section 3, Chapter 4: 353-3-124.
15. Janssens ML, Parker WJ. Oxygen consumption calorimetry. In Heat Release in Fires, Babrauskas V, Grayson SJ (eds), 1992; Chapter 3: 31-59.
16. Khan MM, Bill RG. Comparison of flammability measurements in vertical and horizontal exhaust duct in the ASTM E-2058 fire propagation apparatus. Fire and Materials 2003; 27:253-266.
17. Janssens M, Calorimetry. In The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd edn. The National Fire Protection Association Press: Quincy, MA. 1995; Section 3, Chapter 2.
18. Ogden SD. Calibration of infra-red radiant heaters FMRC 50kW and 500kW Apparatus, Standards Cable Flammability Apparatus. Flammability Laboratory Report (FMRC). Report No Flam/Lab 1994-Heaters. FM Global Research: Boston-Providence Turnpike, Norwood, MA.
19. Brohez S, Delvosalle C, Marlair G, Tewarson A. The measurement of heat release from oxygen consumption in sooty fires. Journal of Fire Sciences 2000; 18:327-353.
20. Enright PA, Fleischmann CM, Cone calorimeter - an alternative calibration constant calculation. Fire and Materials 2000; 24:187-193.
21. Pitts WM. The global equivalence ratio concept and the formation mechanisms of carbon monoxide in enclosures fires. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 1995; 21:197-237.
22. Tewarson A. Heat release rate in fires. Fire and Materials 1980; 4:185-191.
23. Beyler CL. Major species production by diffusion flames in a two-layer compartment fire environment. Fire Safety Journal 1986; 10:47-56.
24. Gottuk DT, Roby RJ. Effect of combustion conditions on species production. In The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd edn. The National Fire Protection Association Press: Quincy, MA. 1995; Section 2, Chapter 7, 2.64-2.84.
25. Hietaniemi J, Kallonen R, Mikkola E. Burning characteristics of selected substances: production of heat, smoke, and chemical species. Fire and Materials 1999; 23:171-185.
26. Janssens ML. Variability in oxygen consumption calorimetry tests. In Thermal Measurements: The Foundation of Fire Standards, ASTM STP 1427, Gritzo AL, Alvares NJ (eds). ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 2002.
27. Messerschmidt B, van Hess P. Influence of delay time and response times on heat release measurements. Fire and Materials 2000; 24:121-130.
28. Brohez S, Delvosalle C, Marlair G, Tewarson A. Soot generation in fires: an important parameter for accurate calculation of heat release. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Fire Safety Science, Curtat M (ed.), 5-9 July 1999, Poitiers, France, 265-275.
29. Lönnermark A, Babrauskas V. TOXFIRE - Fire Characteristics and Smoke Gas Analyses in Under-ventilated Large-scale Combustion Experiments. Theoretical Background and Calculations. SP report 1996:49.
30. Mulholland GW, Croarkin C. Specific extinction coefficient of flame generated smoke. Fire and Materials 2000; 24:227-230. SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute: Borås.
31. Putorti AD Jr. Design Parameters for Tack-mounted Light Extinction Measurement Devices. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999, NISTIR 6215. NIST: Gaithersburg, MD.