Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 163, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 411-417

  Rosenheck, Robert ^a   Leslie, Douglas ^b   Keefe, Richard ^b   McEvoy, Joseph ^b   Swartz, Marvin ^b   Perkins, Diana ^b   Stroup, Scott ^b   Hsiao, John K ^b   Lieberman, Jeffrey ^b  

^a VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITION; DEMOGRAPHY; EMPATHY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTIVATION; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECONOMICS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HOSPITALIZATION; INSURANCE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEGRO; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL WELFARE; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNITED STATES; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION;

ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT, SUPPORTED; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; INSURANCE, DISABILITY; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MOTIVATION; PREJUDICE; REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SOCIAL WELFARE; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33645937613     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.411     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Becker D, Drake RE: A Working Life. New York, Oxford University Press, 2001
2. Drake RE, McHugo GJ, Bebout RR, Becker DR, Harris M, Bond GR, Quimby E: A randomized clinical trial of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:627-633
3. Becker DR, Bond GR, McCarthy D, Thompson D, Xie H, McHugo GJ, Drake RE: Converting day treatment centers to supported employment programs in Rhode Island. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:351-357
4. Bond GR, Becker DR, Drake RE, Rapp CA, Meisler N, Lehman AF, Bell MD, Blyler CR: Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:313-322
5. The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health: Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America: DHHS Publication SAM-03-3832. Rockville, Md, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2003
6. Bond G: Supported employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2004; 27:345-359
7. Slade E, Salkever D: Symptom effects on employment in a structural model of mental illness and treatment: analysis of patients with schizophrenia. J Ment Health Policy Economics 2001; 4:25-34
8. Green MF: What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:321-330
9. Drew D, Drebing C, Van Ormer A, Losardo M, Krebs C, Penk W, Rosenheck R: Effects of disability compensation on participation in and outcomes of vocational rehabilitation. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:1479-1484
10. Rosenheck RA, Frisman LK, Sindelar J: Disability compensation and work: a comparison of veterans with psychiatric and non-psychiatric impairments. Psychiatr Serv 1995; 46:359-365
11. Burkhauser RV, Hountenville AJ, Wittenburg DC: A user's guide to current statistics on the employment of people with disabilities, in The Decline in Employment of People With Disabilities. Edited by Stapleton DC, Burkhauser RV. Kalamazoo, Mich, WE Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2003, pp 26-86
12. Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Byerly MJ, Glick ID, Canive JM, McGee MF, Simpson GM, Stevens MC, Lieberman JA: The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project: schizophrenia trial design and protocol development. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29:15-31
13. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II Disorders, version 2.0, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1995
14. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13:261-276
15. Heinrichs DW, Hanlon TE, Carpenter WT Jr: The Quality of Life Scale: an instrument for rating the schizophrenic deficit syndrome. Schizophr Bull 1984; 10:388-398
16. Barnes TRE: A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154:672-676
17. Guy W (ed): ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology: Publication ADM 76-338. Washington, DC, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976
18. Simpson GM, Angus JWS: A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1970; 212:11-19
19. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E: A depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 1996; 3:247-251
20. Drake RE, Osher FC, Noordsy DL, Hurlburt SC, Teague GB, Beaudett MS: Diagnosis of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16:57-67
21. Keefe RS, Mohs RC, Bilder RM, Harvey PD, Green MF, Meltzer HY, Gold JM, Sano M: Neurocognitive assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project schizophrenia trial: development, methodology, and rationale. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29:45-55
22. Liang K, Zeger SL: Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986; 73:13-22
23. Blank RM, Dabady M, Citro CF: Measuring Racial Discrimination. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 2004
24. Kaye HS: Employment and the changing disability population, in The Decline in Employment of People With Disabilities. Edited by Stapleton DC, Burkhauser RV. Kalamazoo, Mich, WE Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2003, pp 217-258
25. Autur D, Duggan M: The rise in disability recipiency and the decline in employment. Q J Economics 2003; 118:157-205
26. Burkhauser RV, Stapleton DC: A review of the evidence and its implications for policy change, in The Decline in Employment of People With Disabilities. Edited by Stapleton DC, Burkhauser RV. Kalamazoo, Mich, WE Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2003, pp 369-405
27. Tollefson GD, Beasley CM Jr, Tran PV, Street JS, Krueger JA, Tamura RN, Graffeo KA, Thieme ME: Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:457-465
28. Rosenheck R, Perlick D, Bingham S, Liu-Mares W, Collins J, Warren S, Leslie D, Allan E, Campbell EC, Caroff S, Corwin J, Davis L, Douyon R, Dunn L, Evans D, Frecska E, Grabowski J, Graeber D, Herz L, Kwon K, Lawson W, Mena F, Sheikh J, Smelson D, Smith-Gamble V (Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on the Cost-Effectiveness of Olanzapine): Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2693-2702