A proposed Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series: The Niquivil section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina

Episodes

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-15

  Albanesi, Guillermo L ^a   Carrera, Marcelo G ^a   Cañas, Fernando L ^b   Saltzman, Matthew ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA   (Argentina)

^b DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA   (Argentina)

^c OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBONATE; LITHOLOGY; ORDOVICIAN; RADIOCARBON DATING; STRATOTYPE;

ARGENTINA; PRECORDILLERA; SAN JUAN [ARGENTINA]; SOUTH AMERICA;

ISOGRAPTUS; OEPIKODUS EVAE;

EID: 33645916741     PISSN: 07053797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i1/001     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Aigner, T. 1985. Storm Depotitional Systems. Lectures Notes in Earth Sciences 3, Springer Verlag, 3: 1-174.
2. Albanesi, G.L. 1998a. Taxonomía de conodontes de las secuencias ordovícicas del cerro Potrerillo, Precordillera Central de San Juan, R. Argentina. Actas XII Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba: 101-253.
3. Albanesi, G.L. 1998b. Biofacies de conodontes de las secuencias ordovícicas del cerro Potrerillo, Precordillera Central de San Juan, R. Argentina. Actas XII Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba: 75-98.
4. Albanesi G.L. and Bergström, S.M. 2004. Conodonts: Lower to Middle Ordovician record. in B.D. Webby, F. Paris, M.L. Droser and I. G. Percival, eds, The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press. New York: 312-336.
5. Albanesi, G.L. and Carrera, M.G. 2001. Niquivil Section of Central Precordillera, Argentina, proposed as the Global Stratotype for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston, Abstracts: A446.
6. Albanesi, G.L., Carrera, M.G., Cañas, F. and Saltzman, M. 2003. The Niquivil Section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina, Proposed GSSP for the Lower/Middle Ordovician boundary. in G.L. Albanesi, M.S. Beresi and S.H. Peralta, eds, Ordovician from the Andes, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, San Juan, Argentina. Serie Correlación Geológica 17, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 33-40.
7. Albanesi, G.L, Hünicken, M. and Barres, C.R. 1998a. Bioestratigrafía de conodontes de las secuencias ordovícicas del Cerro Potrerillo, Precordillera central de San Juan, R. Argentina. Actas XII Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba: 7-72.
8. Albanesi, G.L. and Ortega, G. 2000. The North American Ibex-Whiterock boundary correlated in the Ordovician System of Argentina. "Summit 2000", Geological Society of America annual meeting. Reno, Nevada. Abstract with Programs A 32 (7): 391.
9. Albanesi G.L. and Ortega, G. 2002. Advances on conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of the Ordovician System of Argentina. in F.G. Aceñolaza (ed). Aspects on the Ordovician System in Argentina. In: Aceñolaza, F.G., ed, Aspects on the Ordovician System in Argentina. Serie Correlación Geológica 16, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 143-165.
10. Albanesi, G.L., Ortega, G., Barnes, C.R. and Hünicken, M.A. 1999. Conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of the Gualcamayo Formation (Middle Ordovician) in the Gualcamayo-Guandacol rivers area, Argentina Precordillera. in P. Kraft and O. Fatka, eds, Quo Vadis Ordovician? Short papers of the 8th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Prague, Acta Univesitatis Carolinae - Geologica 43 (1/2): 45-48.
11. Albanesi G.L., Ortega, G. and Hünicken, M.A.. 1998b. High resolution conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy controlling the diachronous boundary between the San Juan and Gualcamayo formations (Arenig-Llanvirn) in the Argentine Precordillera. ECOS VII (Seventh International Conodont Symposium Held in Europe), Bologna-Modena, Italia. Abstracts: 2-4.
12. Alberstadt, L. and Repetski, J.E. 1989. A Lower Ordovician sponge/algae facies in the southern United States and its counterparts elsewhere in North America. Palaios, 4: 225-242.
13. An, T.-X. 1987. The Lower Paleozoic conodonts of South China. Peking University Publication House, Beijing: 1-238.
14. Astini, R.A. 1993, Secuencias deposicionales y niveles del mar en el Sistema Ordovícico de la Precordillera Argentina: Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Geol.), 88: 113-126.
15. Bagnoli, G. and Stouge, S. 1997. Lower Ordovician (Billingenian-Kunda) conodont zonation and provinces based on sections from Horns Udde, north Öland, Sweden. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 35: 109-163.
16. Baldis, B.A.J. 1979. Ensayo de análisis paleoecológicos con trilobites ordovícicos argentinos. Ameghiniana, 15 (1-2): 3-14.
17. Baldo, E.G., Fanning, C.M., Rapela, C.W., Pankhurst, R.J., Casquet, C. and Galindo, C. 2003. U-Pb shrimp dating of rhyolite volcanism in the Famatinian belt and k-bentonites in the Precordillera. In Albanesi, G.L., M.S Beresi and S.H. Peralta, eds. Ordovician from the Andes. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium of the Ordovician System, Serie Correlación Geológica 17, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 185-190.
18. Benedetto, J.L. 1998. Early Paleozoic braquiopods and associated shelly faunas from western Gondwana; its bearing on the geodynamic history of the pre Andean margin: en Pankhurst, R. and Rapella, C.W., (eds.), The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: Geological Society, Special Publication. 142: 57-83.
19. Benedetto, J.L. 2002. The Ordovician brachiopod faunas of Argentina: Chronology and biostratigraphic succession. in F.G. Aceñolaza, ed, Aspects on the Ordovician System of Argentina. INSUGEO, Tucumán, Serie Correlación Geológica 16: 87-106.
20. Benedetto, J.L., Cañas, F. and Astini, R. 1986. Braquiópodos y trilobites de la zona de transición entre las Formaciones San Juan y Gualcamayo en el área de Guandacol (La Rioja, Argentina). IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Mendoza, Actas, 1: 103-111.
21. Bergström, S.M. 1995. The search for global biostratigraphic reference levels in the Ordovician System: regional correlation potential of the base of the North American Whiterockian Stage. in Cooper, J.D.; Droser, M.L. and Finney, S.C., eds, Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Las Vegas, SEPM, Fullerton: 149-152.
22. Berry, W.B.N. 1960. Graptolite faunas of the Maratón region, West Texas. University of Texas Pubilcation 6005, 1-179.
23. Cañas, F.L. 1995. Early Ordovician Carbonate platform facies of the Argentine Precordillera: restricted shelf to open plataform evolution. in Fullerton, Cooper, J.D., Drosser, M.K. and Finney, S.C., eds, Seventh International Symposium on Ordovician System. The pacific secton Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Book 77:221-224.
24. Cañas, F.L. 1999. Facies and sequences of late Cambian-early Ordovician carbonates of the Argentina Precordillera: A stratigraphic comparation whit Laurentia platforms. in Keppie D. and Ramos, V., eds, Laurentia-Gondwana connections before Pangea: Geological Society of America Special paper, 336: 43-62.
25. Cañas, F.L. and Carrera, M.G. 1993. Early Ordovician microbial-sponge-receptaculitid bioherms of the Precordillera, Western Argentina. Facies 29:169-178.
26. Cañas, F.L. and Keller, M. 1993. Arrecifes y montículos arrecifales en la Formación San Juan (Precordillera Sanjuanina, Argentina): Los arrecifes más antiguos de Sudamérica. Boletín Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Geología), 88 (1-4): 127-136.
27. Carrera, M.G. 1991. Los géneros Selenoides Owen y Calathium Billings (Receptaculitaceae) en el Ordovícico de la Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 28: 375-380.
28. Carrera, M.G. 1997. Significado paleoambiental de los poríferos y briozoos de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico), Precordillera Argentina. Ameghiniana, 34 (2): 179-199.
29. Carrera, M.G., 2001. Análisis de la distribución y composición de las biofacies de la Formación San Juan (Ordivícico Temprano), Precordillera Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38: 169-184.
30. Carrera, M.G., Sánchez, T.M. and Benedetto, J.L. 1999. Paleoenvironmental controls on biofacies in the Early Ordovician limestones of the Argentine Precordillera. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43:475-477.
31. Cech, N. and Carrera, 2002. Dinámica de las comunidades arenigianas de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico), precordillera argentina. Ameghiniana, 39: 21-40
32. Chen Xu, Zhou Zhi-Yi, Rong Jia-Yu and Li Jun. Ordovician seires and stages in Chinese stratigraphy: steps toward a global usage. Alcheringa 25: 131-141.
33. Church, S.B. 1974. Lower Ordovician patch reefs in western Utah. Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Studies, 21/3: 41-62.
34. Cooper, B.J. 1981. Early Ordovician conodonts from the Horn Valley Siltstone, central Australia. Palaeontology, 24(1): 147-183.
35. Dattilo, B.F. 1993. The Lower Ordovician Fillmore Formation of western Utah: storm-dominated sedimentation on a passive margin. Brigham Young Univ. Studies in Geology, 39: 71-100.
36. Epstein, A.G., Epstein, J.B. and Harris, L.D. 1977. Conodont color alteration - An index to organic metamorphism. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 995: 1-27.
37. Ethington, R.L. and Clark, D.L. 1971. Lower Ordovician conodonts in North America. in Sweet, W.C. and Bergström, S.M., eds, Symposium on conodont biostratigraphy. Geological Society of America Memoir, 127: 63-82.
38. Ethington, R.L. and Clark, D.L. 1981. Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Ibex area, western Millard County, Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 28 (2): 1-160.
39. Fåhraeus, L.E. and Roy, K. 1993. Conodonts from the Cambro-Ordovician Cooks Brook and Middle Arm Point Formations, Bay of Islands, weste rn0 Newfoundland. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 27, 1-53.
40. Finney, S.C. and Ethington, R.L. 1992. Whiterockian graptolites and conodonts from the Vinini Formation, Nevada: Biostratigraphic implications. in Webby, B.D. and Laurie, J.R., eds, Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology, Balkema, Rotterdam: 153-169.
41. Finney, S.C. and Ethington, R.L. 1995. Base of Whiterock Series correlates with base of Isograptus victoriae lunatus Zone in Vinini Formation, Roberts Mountains, Nevada. in Cooper, J.D.; Droser, M.L. and Finney, S.C., eds,. Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Las Vegas, SEPM, Fullerton: 153-156.
42. Finney, S.C. and Ethington, R.L. 2000a. Global Ordovician Series boundaries and global event horizons, Monitor Range and Roberts Mountains, Nevada. in Legeson, D.R., Peters, S.G. and Lahern, M.M., eds, Great Basin and Sierra Nevada. Boulder, Colorado, Geol. Soc. Am. Field Guide 2: 301-318.
43. Finney, S.C. and Ethington, R.L. 2000b. Whiterock Narrows Section, Monitor Range, Nevada, proposed as the Global Stratotype for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Reno, Abstracts: A391.
44. Finney, S.C., Gleason, J., Gehrels, G., Peralta, S. and Aceñolaza, G. 2003. Early Gondwanan connection for the Argentine Precordillera terrane. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205: 349-359.
45. Fortey, R.A. 1975. Early Ordovician trilobite communities. Fossils and Strata 4: 339-360.
46. Fortey, R.A., Harper, D.A.T., Ingham, J.K., Owen, A.W., Parkes, M.A., Rushton, A.W.A. and Woodcock, N.H. 2000. A revised correlation of Ordovician rocks in the British Isles. The Geological Society. Special Report, 24: 1-83.
47. Herrera, Z. and Benedetto, J.L. 1991. Early Ordovician brachiopod faunas of the Precordillera basin, Western Argentina: Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeographical afinities. in MacKinnon, L. and Campbell, J., eds, Brachiopods trhough time, A.A. Balkema press: 283-301.
48. Hünicken, M. and Ortega, G. 1987. Lower Llanvirn-Lower Caradoc (Ord.) conodonts and graptolites from the Argentine Precordillera. 4° European Conodont Symposyum, Nottingam: 136-145.
49. Izold, M.D. 1993. Early Ordovician shelf-slope conodont biostratigraphy and biofacies differentiation of western lapetus in West Texas and New York. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, The Ohio State University, 1-220.
50. Ji, Z. and Barnes, C.R. 1994. Lower Ordovician conodonts of the St. George Group, Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana, Geological Association of Canada and Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 11: 1-149.
51. Johnston, D.I. and Barnes, C.R. 1999, 2000. Early and middle Ordovician (Arenig) conodonts from St. Pauls Inlet and Martin Point, Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland, Canada; 1-2. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 33: 21-70.
52. Keller, M. 1999. Argentine Precordillera. Sedimentary and Plate Tectonic History of a Laurentian Crustul Fragment in South America. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 341: 1-131.
53. Keller, M., Buggish, W., and Lehnert, O. 1998, The stratigraphic record of the Argentine Precordillera and its plate-tectonic background: in Pankhurst, S.L., and Rapela, C.W. (eds.), The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: Geological Society of London, Special Publications no. 142, p. 35-56.
54. Keller, M., Cañas, F.L., Lehnert,O. and Vaccari, N.E. 1994. The Upper Cambrrian and Lower Ordovician of the Precordillera (Western Argentina): Some stratigraphic reconsiderations. Newsletter on Stratigraphy, 31(2):115-132.
55. Keller, M. and Flügel, E. 1996. Early Ordovician reefs from Argentina: stromatoporoid vs. stromatolite origin. Facies 34: 177-192.
56. Kreisa, R.D. 1981. Storm-generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with examples from the middle Ordovician of southwestern Virginia. Jour. Sed. Petrol., 51: 823-848.
57. Lehnert, O. 1993. Bioestratigrafía de los conodontes arenigianos de la Formación San Juan en la localidad de Niquivil (Precordillera san-juanina, Argentina) y su correlación intercontinental. Revista Española de Paleontología, 8 (2): 153-164.
58. Lehnert, O. 1995a. Ordovizische Conodonten aus der Präkordillere Westargentiniens: Ihre Bedeutung für Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie. Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, 125: 1-193.
59. Lehnert, O. 1995b. Geodynamic processes in the Ordovician of the Argentine Precordillera: New biostratigraphic contraints. In: Cooper, J., Droser, M. L. and Finney, S. C. (eds.), Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. The Pacific section Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton, Book 77: 75-79.
60. Lehnert, O. and Keller, M. 1993. Posición estratigráfica de los arrecifes arenigianos en la Precordillera Argentina. Docum. Lab. Géol. Lyon, 125: 263-275.
61. Lindström, M. 1971. Lower Ordovician conodonts of Europe. Geological Society of America, Memoir 127:21-61.
62. Löfgren, A. 1978. Arenigian and Llanvirnian conodonts from Jämtland, northern Sweden. Fossils and Strata, 13: 1-129.
63. Löfgren, A. 1993. Arenig conodont successions from central Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm Förhandlingar, 115, 3: 193-207.
64. Maletz, J., Mitchell, C.E., Melchin, M.J. and Dunlavey, T. 2003. Revision of the Castlemainian isograptid (graptolite) biostratigraphy in western Newfoundland. in Ortega, G. and Aceñolaza, eds, G.F. Proceedings of the 7th International Graptolite Conference and Field Meeting of the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy. Serie Correlación Geológica, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 55-60.
65. Markello, J.R. and Read, J.F. 1981. Carbonate ramp-to-deeper shale shelf transitions of an Upper Cambrian intrashelf basin, Nolichucky Formation, Southwest Virginia Appalachians. Sedimentology, 28: 573-597.
66. Ortega, G. and Albanesi, G.L. 1999. Graptolite biostratigraphy of the Gualcamayo Formation (Middle Ordovician) at the Los Sapitos creek section, Argentina Precordillera. in P. Kraft and O. Fatka, eds, Quo Vadis Ordovician? Short papers of the 8th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Prague, Acta Univesitatis Carolinae - Geologica 43 (1/ 2): 49-52.
67. Ortega, G. and Albanesi, G.L. 2000. Graptolitos de la Formación Gualcamayo (Arenigiano-Llanvirniano) en el cerro Potrerillo, Precordillera Central de San Juan, Argentina. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba. 64: 27-60.
68. Ortega, G., Cañas, F. and Hünicken, M.A. 1985. The occurrence of Isograptus victoriae Harris in the Gualcamayo Formation, Guandacol, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, Argentina, 56 (3-4): 127-133.
69. Ottone, E.G., Albanesi, G., Ortega, G. and Holfeltz, G. 1999. Palynomorphs, conodonts and associated graptolites from the Ordovician Los Azules Formation, Central Precordillera, Argentina. Micropaleontology, 45 (3): 225-250.
70. Pohler, S.M.L. 1994. Conodont biofacies of Lower to lower Middle Ordovician Mega-conglomerates, Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 459: 1-71.
71. Pohler, S.M.L. and Orchard, M.J. 1990. Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy, western Canadian Cordillera. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 15: 1-37.
72. Pratt, B.R. 2001. Calcification of cyanobacterial filaments: Girvanella and the origin of lower Paleozoic lime mud. Geology, 29: 763-766.
73. Pyle, L.J. and Barnes, C.R., 2002. Taxonomy, evolution, and biostratigraphy of conodonts from the Kechika Formation, Skoki Formation, and Road River Group (Upper Cambrian to Lower Silurian), Northeastern British Columbia. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1-227.
74. Remane, J., Bassett, M.G., Cowie, J.W., Gohrbandt, K.H., Lane, H.R., Michelsen, O. and Naiwen, W. 1996. Revised guidelines for the establishment of global chronostratigraphic boundaries by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). Episodes, 19: 77-80.
75. Repetski, J.E. 1982. Conodonts from El Paso Group (Lower Ordovician) of westernmost Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Minera Resources Memoir, 40: 1-121.
76. Repetski, J.E., Harris, A.G. and Stamm, N.R. 1995. An overview of conodonts from New Jersey. in Baker, J.E.B., ed, Contributions to the Paleontology of New Jersey. Geol. Assoc. New Jersey, XII: 192-208.
77. Ross, R.J. Jr. and Ethington, R.L. 1991. Stratotype of Ordovician Whiterock Series. Palaios, 6: 156-173.
78. Ross, R.J. Jr., Hintze, L.F., Ethington, R.L., Miller, J.F., Taylor, M.E. and Repetski, J.E. 1997. The Ibexian, Lower most Series in the North American Ordovician. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1579: 1-50.
79. Sánchez, T.M., Carrera, M. and Benedetto, J.L. 1996. Variaciones faunísticas en el techo de la formación San Juan (Ordovícico temprano, Precordillera argentina): Significado paleoambiental. Ameghiniana, 33 (2): 185-200.
80. Serpagli, E. 1974. Lower Ordovician conodonts from Precordilleran Argentina (Province of San Juan). Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 13(1-2): 17-98.
81. Stait, K. and Druce, E.C. 1993. Conodonts from the Lower Ordovician Coolibath Formation, Georgina Basin, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources Journal of Australian Geology and Geophisics, 13: 293-322.
82. Sweet, W.C. 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics, Oxford University Press, New York, 10: 1-212.
83. Sweet, W.C., Ethington, R.L. and Barnes, C.R. 1971. North American Middle and Upper Ordovician conodont faunas. in Sweet, W.C. and Bergström, S.M., eds,. Symposium on conodont biostratigraphy. Geological Society of America Memoir, 127: 163-193.
84. Sweet, W.C. and Tolbert, C.M. 1997. An Ibexian (Lower Ordovician) Reference Section in the Southern Egan Range, Nevada, for a Conodon-Based Chronostratigraphy. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1579: 53-84.
85. Tipnis, R.S., Chatterton, B.D.E. and Ludvigsen, R. 1978. Ordovician conodont Biostratigraphy of the Southern District of Mackenzie, Canada. in Stelck, C.R. and Chatterton, B.D.E., eds, Western and Arctic Canadian Biostratigraphy. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 18: 39-91.
86. Tolmacheva, T.J. 2001. Conodont biostratigraphy and diversity in the Lower-Middle Ordovician of Eastern Baltoscandia (St. Petersburgh region, Russia) and Kazakhstan. Comprehensive summary of doctoral dissertation, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University: 1-40.
87. Toomey, D. and Nitecki, M. 1979. Organic buildups in the Lower Ordovician (Canadian) of Texas and Oklahoma. Fieldiana Geology 2: 1-181.
88. Vaccari, N.E. 1993. El género Annamitella Mansuy, 1920 (Trilobita, Leiostegiidae) en el Ordovícico de la Precordillera argentina. Ameghiniana, 30: 395-405.
89. Vaccari, N.E. 1995. Early Ordovician trilobite biogeography of Precordillera and Famatina, western Argentina: preliminary results. in Cooper J.D., M.L.Droser and S.C. Finney, eds, Ordovician Odyssey: Short papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. The Pacific section Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM): 193-196. Fullerton.
90. Vaccari, N.E. 2001. Trilobites de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico Inferior), Precordillera Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38: 331-347.
91. Vaccari, N.E. 2003. Trilobites de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico Inferior), Precordillera Argentina: Pliomeridae Raymond, 1913. Ameghiniana, 40: 239-248.
92. Waisfeld, B., Sánchez, T.M. and Carrera, M. 1999. Biodiversification patterns in the early Ordovician of Argentina. Palaios, 14:198-214.
93. Wang Xiafeng, Chen Xiaohong, Li Zhihong and Wang Chuanshang. 2003. The Huanghuachang Section, potential as Global Stratotype for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series. in G.L. Albanesi, M.S. Beresi and S.H. Peralta, eds, Ordovician from the Andes, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, San Juan, Argentina. Serie Correlación Geológica 17, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 153-159.
94. Wang Xiaofeng, Li Zhihong, Chen Xiaohong and Wang Chuanshang. 2003. The conodont succession from the proposed GSSP for the Middle Ordovician base at Huanghuachang Section, Yichang, China. in G.L. Albanesi, M.S. Beresi and S.H. Peralta, eds, Ordovician from the Andes, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, San Juan, Argentina. Serie Correlación Geológica 17, INSUGEO, Tucumán: 161-166.
95. Webby, B.D. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletter Stratigraphy, 36: 1-33.
96. Webby, B.D., Cooper, R.A, Bergström, S.M. and Paris, F. 2004. Stratigraphic framework and time slices. in B.D. Webby, F. Paris, M.L. Droser and I. G. Percival, eds, The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press. New York: 41-47.
97. Williams, S.H. and Stevens, R.K. 1988. Early Ordovician (Arenig) graptolites
98. Zhen, Y.Y., Percival, I.G. and Webby, B.D. 2003. Early Ordovician conodonts from western New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 55(2): 169-220.