Endogenous nitrogen excretion by red kangaroos (Macropus rufus): Effects of animal age and forage quality

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 424-436

  Munn, Adam J ^a,b   Dawson, Terence J ^a   Hume, Ian D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN;

ENDOGENOUS GROWTH; FORAGE; HERBIVORE; JUVENILE; NITROGEN;

AGING; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; DIET; DIGESTION; FECES; FEMALE; MARSUPIAL; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; URINE;

AGING; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; DIET; DIGESTION; FECES; FEMALE; MACROPODIDAE; NITROGEN;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA;

ANIMALIA; AVENA SATIVA; MACROPODIDAE; MACROPUS RUFUS; MEDICAGO SATIVA; METATHERIA;

EID: 33645820847     PISSN: 15222152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/499980     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Barker R.D. 1987. The diet of herbivores in the sheep rangelands. Pp. 69-83 in G. Caughley, N. Shepherd, and J. Short, eds. Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Barker S. 1968. Nitrogen balance and water intake in the Kangaroo Island wallaby, Protemnodon eugenii (Desmarest). Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 46:17-32.
3. Bayliss P. 1985. The population dynamics of red and western grey kangaroos in arid New South Wales, Australia. I. Population trends and rainfall. J Anim Ecol 54:111-125.
4. Bosshardt D.K. and R.H. Barnes. 1946. The determination of metabolic faecal nitrogen and protein digestibility. J Nutr 31:13-21.
5. Bradshaw F.J. and S.D. Bradshaw. 2001. Maintenance nitrogen requirement of an obligate nectarivore, the honey possum, Tarsipes rostratus. J Comp Physiol B 171:59-67.
6. Brody S. 1945. Bioenergetics and Growth: With Special Reference to the Efficiency Complex in Domestic Animals. Reinhold, New York.
7. Brown G.D. 1968. The nitrogen and energy requirements of the euro (Macropus robustus) and other species of macropod marsupials. Proc Ecol Soc Aust 3:106-112.
8. Brown G.D. and A.R. Main. 1967. Studies on marsupial nutrition. V. The nitrogen requirements of the euro (Macropus robustus). Aust J Zool 15:7-27.
9. Chowdhury S.A. and E.R. Ørskov. 1997. Protein energy relationships with particular references to energy undernutrition: a review. Small Ruminant Res 26:1-7.
10. Cork S.J. 1994. Digestive constraints on the dietary scope in small and moderately-small mammals: how much do we really understand? Pp. 337-369 in D.J. Chivers and P. Langer, eds. The Digestive System in Mammals: Food, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
11. Cork S.J. and H. Dove. 1989. Lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). II. Intake of milk components and maternal allocation of energy. J Zool (Lond) 219:399-409.
12. Dawson T.J. 1995. Kangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney.
13. Dawson T.J., C.E. Blaney, A.J. Munn, A. Krockenberger, and S.K. Maloney. 2000. Thermoregulation by kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: influence of temperature on routes of heat loss in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (Macropus rufus). Physiol Biochem Zool 73:374-381.
14. Dawson T.J., M.J.S. Denny, E.M. Russell, and B. Ellis. 1975. Water usage and diet preferences of free ranging kangaroos, sheep and feral goats in the Australian arid zone during summer. J Zool (Lond) 177:1-23.
15. Dawson T.J. and B.A. Ellis. 1994. Diets of mammalian herbivores in Australian arid shrublands: seasonal effects on overlap between red kangaroos, sheep and rabbits and on dietary niche breadths and electivities. J Arid Environ 26:257-271.
16. Dawson T.J. and A.J. Hulbert. 1970. Standard metabolism, body temperature, and surface areas of Australian marsupials. Am J Physiol 218:1233-1238.
17. Demment M.W. and P.J. Van Soest. 1985. A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. Am Nat 125:641-672.
18. Dove H. and S.J. Cork. 1989. Lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). I. Milk consumption and the algebraic description of the lactation curve. J Zool (Lond) 219:385-397.
19. Foley W.J. and I.D. Hume 1987. Nitrogen requirements and urea metabolism in two arboreal marsupials, the greater glider (Petauroides volans) and the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecular) fed eucalyptus foliage. Physiol Zool 60:241-250.
20. Frith H.J. and J.H. Calaby. 1969. Kangaroos. Cheshire, Melbourne.
21. Hayssen V. and R.C. Lacy. 1985. Basal metabolic rates in mammals: taxonomic differences in the allometry of BMR and body mass. Comp Biochem Physiol A 81:741-754.
22. Hume I.D. 1974. Nitrogen and sulphur retention and fibre digestion by euros, red kangaroos and sheep. Aust J Zool 22:13-23.
23. _. 1977. Maintenance nitrogen requirements of the macropodid marsupials Thylogale theits, red-necked pademelon, and Macropus eugenii, tammar wallaby. Aust J Zool 25:407-417.
24. _. 1986. Nitrogen metabolism in the parma wallaby, Macropus parma. Aust J Zool 34:147-155.
25. _. 1999. Marsupial Nutrition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
26. Knott K.K., P.S. Barboza, R.T. Bowyer, and J.E. Blake. 2004. Nutritional development of feeding strategies in arctic ruminants: digestive morphometry of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, and muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus. Zoology 107:315-333.
27. Low B. 1979. The predictability of rain and the foraging patterns of red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) in central Australia. J Arid Environ 2:61-76.
28. MacRae J.C. and G.E. Lobley. 1986. Interactions between energy and protein. Pp. 367-385 in L.P. Milligan, W.L. Grovum, and A. Dobson, eds. Control of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
29. Mason V.C. 1969. Some observations on the distribution and origin of nitrogen in sheep faeces. J Agric Sci 73:99-111.
30. McCullough D.R. and Y. McCullough. 2000. Kangaroos in Outback Australia: Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Three Coexisting Species. Columbia University Press, New York.
31. McIntosh D.L. 1966. The digestibility of two roughages and the rates of passage of their residues by the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest), and the merino sheep. CSIRO Wildl Res 11:125-135.
32. Moss G.L. and D.B. Croft. 1999. Body condition of the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) in arid Australia: the effect of environmental condition, sex and reproduction. Aust J Ecol 24:97-109.
33. Munn A.J. and T.J. Dawson. 2001. Thermoregulation in juvenile red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) after pouch exit: higher metabolism and evaporative water requirements. Physiol Biochem Zool 74:917-927.
34. _. 2003a. Energy requirements of the red kangaroos (Macropus rufus): impacts of age, growth and body size in a large desert-dwelling herbivore. J Comp Physiol B 173:575-582.
35. _. 2003b. How important is milk for near-weaned red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) fed different forages? J Comp Physiol B 173:141-148.
36. Newsome A.E. 1964a. Anoestrus in the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest). Aust J Zool 12:6-17.
37. _. 1964b. Oestrus in the lactating red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest). Aust J Zool 12:315-321.
38. Newsome A.E., D.R. Stephens, and A.K. Shipway. 1967. Effect of a long drought on the abundance of red kangaroos in central Australia. CSIRO Wildl Res 12:1-8.
39. Penning P.D., I.M. Penning, and T.T. Treacher. 1977. The effect of temperature and method of feeding on the digestibility of two milk substitutes and on the performance of lambs. J Agric Sci 88:579-589.
40. Robbins C.T. 1993. Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, New York.
41. Robertson G. 1986. The mortality of kangaroos in drought. Aust Wildl Res 13:349-354.
42. Robertson J.B. and P.J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. Pp. 123-158 in W.P.T. James and O. Theander, eds. The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food. Dekker, New York.
43. Roy J.H.B. 1980. The Calf. 4th ed. Butterworth, London.
44. Sharman G.B., H.J. Frith, and J.H. Calaby. 1964. Growth of the pouch young, tooth eruption and age determination in the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa. CSIRO Wildl Res 9:20-49.
45. Shepherd N. 1987. Condition and recruitment of kangaroos. Pp. 135-158 in G. Caughley, N. Shepherd, and J. Short, eds. Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
46. Smith A.P. and S.W. Green. 1987. Nitrogen requirements of the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps), an omnivorous marsupial, on a honey-pollen diet. Physiol Zool 60:82-92.
47. Smuts D.B. 1935. The relation between the basal metabolism and the endogenous nitrogen metabolism with particular reference to the estimation of the maintenance requirement of protein. J Nutr 9:403-433.
48. Ternouth J.H., I.J.F. Stobo, J.H.B. Roy, and A.W. Beattie. 1985. The effect of milk substitute concentration upon the intake, digestion and growth of calves. Anim Prod 41:151-159.
49. Tribe D.E. and L. Peel. 1963. Body composition of the kangaroos (Macropus sp.). Aust J Zool 11:273-289.
50. Van Soest P.J., J.B. Robertson, and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74:3583-3597.
51. White R.G., I.D. Hume, and J.V. Nolan. 1988. Energy expenditure and protein turnover in three species of wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). J Comp Physiol B 158:237-246.
52. Williams A. and R. Williams. 1999. Caring for Kangaroos and Wallabies. Kangaroo Press, East Roseville, New South Wales.
53. Zar J.H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.