Antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci highly susceptible to penicillin: Historic overview and future considerations

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 57, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 819-824

  Verhagen, D W M ^a,b   Vedder, A C ^a   Speelman, P ^a   van der Meer, J T M ^a  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial therapy; Streptococcus spp.; Subacute endocarditis

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARINAMIDE; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; GENTAMICIN; HEPARIN; NETILMICIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN G; PENICILLIN V; PROCAINE PENICILLIN; STREPTOMYCIN; SULFAMIDOCHRYSOIDINE; SULFANILAMIDE; SULFONAMIDE;

ABSCESS; ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; BACTERIOSTASIS; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG TOLERANCE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; REVIEW; SHORT COURSE THERAPY; SUBACUTE ENDOCARDITIS; TREATMENT DURATION;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ENDOCARDITIS, SUBACUTE BACTERIAL; HUMANS; PENICILLINS; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI;

EID: 33645803377     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl087     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Osler W. Gulstonian lectures on malignant endocarditis. Lancet 1885; 1: 415-18.
2. van der Meer JT, van Vianen W, Hu E et al. Distribution, antibiotic susceptibility and tolerance of bacterial isolates in culture-positive cases of endocarditis in The Netherlands. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 728-34.
3. Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB. Infective endocarditis in adults. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1318-30.
4. Horder TJ. Infective endocarditis: With an analysis of 150 cases and with special reference to the chronic form of the disease. QJM 1909; 2: 289-329.
5. Libman E. A consideration of the prognosis in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Am Heart J 1925; 1: 25-33.
6. Lichtman SS. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis: Current results. Ann Intern Med 1943; 19: 787-94.
7. Kelson SR, White PD. Notes on 250 cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis studied and treated between 1927 and 1939. Ann Intern Med 1945; 22: 40-6.
8. Lichtman SS, Bierman W. The treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1941; 116: 286-92.
9. Seabury JH. Subacute bacterial endocarditis. Experiences during the past decade. Arch Intern Med 1947; 79: 1-21.
10. Favour CB, Janeway CA, Gibson JG et al. Progress in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. N Engl J Med 1946; 234: 71-7.
11. Osgood EE. Neoarsphenamine therapy of bacterial infections. Arch Intern Med 1942; 69: 746-7.
12. Long PH, Bliss EA. Chapter I. The historical aspects of sulfanilamide therapy. In: The Clinical and Experimental Use of Sulfanilamide, Sulfapyridine and Allied Compounds. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1939; 1-11.
13. Kelson SR, White PD. A new method of treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis using sulfapyridine and heparin in combination: Preliminary report. JAMA 1939; 113: 1700-2.
14. Leach CE, Faulkner JM, Duncan CN et al. Chemotherapy and heparin in subacute bacterial endocarditis: Further experiences. JAMA 1941; 117: 1345-50.
15. Katz LN, Elek SR. Combined heparin and chemotherapy in sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1944; 124: 149-52.
16. Levy L, McKrill N. Results in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1946; 77: 367-84.
17. Galbreath WR, Hull E. Sulfonamide therapy of bacterial endocarditis; results in 42 cases. Ann Intern Med 1942; 18: 201-3.
18. Smith C, Sauls HC, Stone CF. Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus viridans: Survey of present status of previously reported cures and clinical study of fifteen treated cases, including another cure. JAMA 1942; 119: 478-82.
19. Schein J, Baehr G. Sulfonamide therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Am J Med 1948; 4: 66-72.
20. Whitby L. Sulfapyridine in bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1939; 113: 703.
21. Kelson SR. Observations on the treatment of subacute bacterial (streptococcal) endocarditis since 1939. Ann Intern Med 1945; 22: 75-96.
22. White PD, Mathews MW, Evans E. Notes on the treatment of bacterial endocarditis encountered in 88 cases at the Massachusetts general hospital during the six year period 1939 to 1944 (inclusive). Ann Intern Med 1945; 22: 61-74.
23. Kinsella RA. Chemotherapy of bacterial endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1941; 15: 982-6.
24. Orgain ES, Donegan CK. The treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1950; 32: 1099-113.
25. Fleming A. On antibacterial action of cultures of penicillium, with special reference to their use in isolation of B. influenzae. Br J Exp Pathol 1929; 10: 226-36.
26. Florey ME, Florey HW. General and local administration of penicillin. Lancet 1943; 1: 387-91.
27. Keefer CS, Blake FG, Marshall EK et al. Penicillin in the treatment of infections: A report of 500 cases. JAMA 1943; 122: 1217-24.
28. Loewe L, Rosenblatt P, Greene HJ et al. Combined penicillin and heparin therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis: Report of seven consecutive successfully treated patients. JAMA 1944; 124: 144-9.
29. Dawson MH, Hunter TH. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin: Results in twenty cases. JAMA 1945; 127: 129-37.
30. Thill CJ, Meyer OO. Experiences with penicillin and dicumarol in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Am J Med Sci 1947; 213: 300-7.
31. Meads M, Harris W, Finland M. The treatment of bacterial endocarditis with penicillin: Experiences at the Boston city hospital during 1944. N Engl J Med 1945; 232: 463-74.
32. Flippin HF, Mayock RL, Murphy FD et al. Penicillin in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis: Preliminary report on twenty cases treated over one year ago. JAMA 1945; 129: 841-3.
33. Cole J, McCreedy ML. Subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with congenital heart disease. J Iowa State Med Soc 1946; 36: 355-7.
34. Glaser RJ, Smith RO, Harford CG et al. The treatment of bacterial endocarditis with penicillin. J Lab Clin Med 1946; 31: 291-312.
35. Friedberg CK. Subacute bacterial endocarditis: Revision of diagnostic criteria and therapy. JAMA 1950; 144: 527-34.
36. Littman D, Schaaf RS. Therapeutic experiences with subacute bacterial endocarditis: With special reference to the failures. N Engl J Med 1950; 243: 248-52.
37. Bloomfield AL, Amstrong CD, Kirby WM. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin. J Clin Invest 1945; 24: 251-67.
38. Bloomfield AL, Halpern RM. Penicillin treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis: Some problems. JAMA 1945; 129: 1135-41.
39. Goerner JR, Geiger AJ, Blake FG. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin: Report of cases treated without anticoagulant agents. Ann Intern Med 1945; 23: 491-519.
40. Ward GE, Meanock RI, Selbie FR et al Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis by penicillin: Preliminary report on 18 cases. BMJ 1946; 1: 383-6.
41. Dawson MH, Hunter TH. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin: Second report. Ann Intern Med 1946; 24: 170-85.
42. Jones SH, Tichy F. Bacterial endocarditis treated with penicillin: observations in nine cases. N Engl J Med 1947; 236: 729-36.
43. Paul O, Bland EF, White PD. Bacterial endocarditis: Experiences with penicillin therapy at the Massachusetts general hospital, 1944-1946. N Engl J Med 1947; 237: 349-54.
44. Jones AM, Herring R, Langley FA et al. Penicillin treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Br Heart J 1947; 9: 38-64.
45. Durack DT. Review of early experience in treatment of bacterial endocarditis, 1940-1955. In: Bisno AL, ed. Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. New York: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1981; 1-14.
46. Christie RV. Penicillin in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Report to the medical research council on 147 patients treated in 14 centres appointed by the penicillin clinical trials committee. BMJ 1946; 1: 361-3.
47. Christie RV. Penicillin in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Report to the medical research council on 269 patients treated in 14 centres appointed by the penicillin clinical trials committee. BMJ 1948; 2: 4539-42.
48. Christie RV. Penicillin in subacute bacterial endocarditis. BMJ 1949; 2: 950-1.
49. Cates JE, Christie RV. Subacute bacterial endocarditis: A review of 442 patients treated in 14 centres appointed by the Penicillin Trials Committee of the Medical Research Council. QJM 1951; 20: 93-130.
50. Geiger AJ, Goerner JR. The treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin in peanut oil and beeswax. N Engl J Med 1946; 235: 286-8.
51. Kennedy BJ, Seed J. The treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin in beeswax-peanut oil: Gluteal abscesses and rupture of the spleen. Am Heart J 1947; 34: 906-12.
52. Chertack MM, Best WR, Hick FK. Treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with massive doses of procaine penicillin in oil. Ill Med J 1951; 100: 228-31.
53. Bader M, Bader R, Friedberg CK. Causes of failure in treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1952; 148: 1498-501.
54. Quinn EL, Colville JM, Cox F et al. Phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillinV) therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1956; 160: 931-6.
55. Santos-Buch CA, Koenig G et al. Oral treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V). N Engl J Med 1957; 257: 249-57.
56. King FH, Schneierson SS, Sussman ML et al. Prolonged moderate dose therapy versus intensive short term therapy with penicillin and caronamide in subacute bacterial endocarditis. J Mt Sinai Hosp 1949; 16: 35-46.
57. Hamburger M, Stein L. Streptococcus viridans subacute bacterial endocarditis: Two-week treatment schedule with penicillin. JAMA 1952; 149: 542-5.
58. Hunter TH. Use of streptomycin in treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Am J Med 1947; 2: 436-42.
59. Hunter TH. Speculations on the mechanisms of the cure of bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 1950; 144: 524-7.
60. Hunter TH. Bacterial endocarditis. Am Heart J 1951; 42: 472-82.
61. Jawetz E. Antibiotic synergism and antagonism: Review of experimental evidence. AMA Arch Intern Med 1952; 90: 301-9.
62. Jawetz E, Gunnison JB, Coleman VR. The combined action of penicillin with streptomycin or chloromycetin on enterococci in vitro. Science 1950; 111: 254-6.
63. Gunnison JB, Jawetz E, Coleman VR. The effect of combinations of antibiotics on enterococci in vitro. J Lab Clin Med 1950; 36: 900-11.
64. Geraci JE, Martin WJ. Antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis. IV. Succesful short-term (two weeks) combined penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin therapy in subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by penicillin-sensitive streptococci. Circulation 1953; 8: 494-509.
65. Geraci JE. The antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis: Therapeutic data on 172 patients seen from 1951 through 1957: Additional observations on short-term therapy (two weeks) for penicillin sensitive streptococcal endocarditis. Med Clin North Am 1958; 42: 1101-40.
66. Hall B, Dowling HF, Kellow W. Successful short-term therapy of streptococcal endocarditis with penicillin and streptomycin. Am J Med Sci 1955; 230: 73-81.
67. Tompsett R, Robbins WC, Berntsen C. Short-term penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin therapy of streptococcal endocarditis: Results of the treatment of 35 patients. Am J Med 1958; 24: 57-67.
68. Hamburger M, Kaplan S, Walker WF. Subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by penicillin-sensitive streptococci: Value of oral phenoxymethyl penicillin and intramuscular streptomycin. JAMA 1961; 175: 554-7.
69. Hunter TH, Paterson PY. Bacterial endocarditis. In DM: Disease-a-month Series. Chicago: Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1956.
70. Tan JS, Terhune CA, Kaplan S et al. Successful two-week treatment schedule for penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. Lancet 1971; 2: 1340-3.
71. Wilson WR, Geraci JE, Wilkowske CJ et al. Short-term intramuscular therapy with procaine penicillin plus streptomycin for infective endocarditis due to viridans streptococci. Circulation 1978; 57: 1158-61.
72. Wilson WR, Thompson RL, Wilkowske CJ et al. Short-term therapy for streptococcal infective endocarditis: Combined intramuscular administration of penicillin and streptomycin. JAMA 1981; 245: 360-3
73. Kump J, Moskowitz J, Ehrenkranz et al. Cephaloridine in the treatment of streptococcal endocarditis: A preliminary evaluation. South Med J 1969; 62: 461-9.
74. Stamboulian D, Bonvehi P, Arevalo C et al. Antibiotic management of outpatients with endocarditis due to penicillin-susceptible streptococci. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13 Suppl 2: S160-3.
75. Francioli P, Etienne J, Hoigné R et al. Treatment of streptococcal endocarditis with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone sodium for 4 weeks: efficacy and outpatient treatment feasibility. JAMA 1992; 267: 264-7.
76. Francioli P, Ruch D, Stamboulian D. Treatment of streptococcal endocarditis with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone and netilmicin for 14 days: A prospective multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 1406-10.
77. Sexton DJ, Tenenbaum MJ, Wilson WR et al. Ceftriaxone once daily for four weeks compared with ceftriaxone plus gentamicin once daily for two weeks for treatment of endocarditis due to penicillin-susceptible streptococci. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 1470-4.
78. Shanson DC. New guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of streptococcal, enterococcal and staphylococcal endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42: 292-6.
79. Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS et al. Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association. JAMA 1995; 274: 1706-13.
80. Elliot TS, Foweraker J, Gould FK et al. Guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: Report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54: 971-81.
81. Bisno AL, Dismukes WE, Durack DT et al. Antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis due to viridans streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococci. JAMA 1989; 261: 1471-7.
82. Verhagen DW, van der Feltz M, Plokker HW et al. Optimisation of the antibiotic guidelines in The Netherlands. VII. SWAB guidelines for antimicrobial therapy in adult patients with infectious endocarditis. Neth J Med 2003; 61: 421-9.
83. Gengo FM, Mannion TW, Nightingale CH et al. Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methicillin in curative treatment of experimental endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984; 14: 619-31.
84. Joly V, Pangon B, Vallois JM et al. Value of antibiotic levels in serum and cardiac vegetations for predicting antibacterial effect of ceftriaxone in experimental Escherichia coli endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31: 1632-9.
85. Pangon B, Joly V, Vallois JM et al. Comparative efficacy of cefotiam, cefmenoxime, and ceftriaxone in experimental endocarditis and correlation with pharmacokinetics and in vitro efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31: 518-22.
86. Cremieux AC, Maziere B, Vallois JM et al. Ceftriaxone diffusion into cardiac fibrin vegetation. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation by autoradiography. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1991; 5: 53-60.
87. Sabath LD, Wheeler N, Laverdiere M et al. A new type of penicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 1977; 1: 443-7.
88. Brennan RO, Durack DT. Therapeutic significance of penicillin tolerance in experimental streptococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983; 23: 273-7.
89. Wilson WR, Zak O, Sande MA. Penicillin therapy for treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci in animals. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 1028-33.
90. Lerner PI, Weinstein L. Infective endocarditis in the antibiotic era (to be concluded). N Engl J Med 1966; 274: 323-31.
91. Prabhu RM, Piper KE, Baddour LM et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among viridans group streptococcal isolates from infective endocarditis patients from 1971 to 1986 and 1994 to 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 4463-5.
92. McCartney AC, Orange GV, Pringle SD. Serum C-reactive protein in infective endocarditis. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 44-8.
93. Olaison L, Hogevik H, Alestig K. Fever, C-reactive protein and other acute-phase reactants during treatment of infective endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 885-92.
94. Ghoneim AT, Path MR, McGoldrick J. Serial C-reactive protein measurements in infective complications following cardiac operation: evaluation and use in monitoring response to therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 1982; 34: 166-75.