Totipotency, twinning, and ensoulment at fertilization

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 139-164

  Koch Hershenov, Rose ^a  

^a NIAGARA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aquinas; Ensoulment; Hylomorphism; Monozygotic twinning; Totipotency

Indexed keywords

EMBRYO CELL; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYO RESEARCH; EMBRYO TRANSFER; EMBRYOLOGY; ETHICS; FERTILIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; LEGAL ASPECT; METAPHYSICS; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; PHILOSOPHY; PREGNANCY; RELIGION; REVIEW; TOTIPOTENT STEM CELL; TWIN PREGNANCY; ZYGOTE;

BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE; EMBRYO; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; EMBRYO RESEARCH; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; FERTILIZATION; HUMANS; PERSONHOOD; PHILOSOPHY, MEDICAL; RESEARCH EMBRYO CREATION; TWINNING, MONOZYGOTIC; VALUE OF LIFE; ZYGOTE;

EID: 33645783249     PISSN: 03605310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03605310600588673     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Alikani, M., Noyes, N., Cohen, J., & Rosenwaks Z. (1994). 'Monozygotic twinning in the human is associated with the zona pellucida architecture,' Human Reproduction, 9, 1318-1321.
2. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1923). Quaestiones disputatae de potentia dei. Trans. English Dominican Fathers. London: Burns, Oates and Washburn.
3. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1923). The Summa Contra Gentiles of St. Thomas Aquinas, Book II Trans. English Dominican Fathers. London: Burns, Oates and Washburn.
4. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1948). Summa Theologiae I. Trans. English Dominican Fathers. New York: Benzinger Brothers.
5. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1968). On Being and Essence. Trans. A. Maurer. Toronto: Toronto Pontifical Institute.
6. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1984). Quaestiones de anima. Trans. J. H. Robb. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
7. Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1986). Faith, Reason, and Theology, Questions I-IV of the Commentary on Boethius' De Trinitate. Trans. A. Maurer. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
8. Ashley, B. (1992). 'Delayed hominization Catholic theological perspective,' in The Interaction of Catholic Bioethics and Secular Society. Proceedings of the Eleventh Bishops Workshop, Dallas, Texas; Russell E. Smith (Ed.). Braintree, MA: The Pope John Center.
9. Ashley, B. M. & Moraczewski, A. S. (1994). 'Is the biological subject of human rights present from conception?' in P. J. Cataldo & A. S. Moraczewski (Eds.), The Fetal Tissue Issue: Medical and Ethical Aspects. Braintree, MA: Pope John Center.
10. Baker, L. (2000). Persons and Bodies: A Constitution Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
11. Baker, L. (2003). 'Why Christians should not be libertarians: An Augustinian challenge.' Faith and Philosophy, 20, 460.
12. Blickstien, I., Verhoeven, H., & Keith, L. (1999). 'Zygotic splitting after assisted reproduction,' New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 738-739.
13. Chan A. W. S., Dominko, T., Luetjens, C. M., Neuber, E. Martinovich, C., Hewitson, L., Simerly, C. R., & Schatten, G. P. (2000). 'Clonal propagation of primate offspring by embryo splitting,' Science, 287, 317-319.
14. Da Costa, A. L. E., Abdelmassih, S., de Oliveira, F. G., Abdelmassih, V., Abdelmassih, R., Nagy, Z. P., & Balmaceda, J. P. (2001). 'Monozygotic twins and transfer at blastocyst stage after ICSI,' Human Reproduction, 16, 333-336.
15. Derom, C., Derom, R., Vleitinck, R., Van den Berghe, H., & Thiery, M. (1987). 'Increased monozygotic twinning rate after ovulation induction,' Lancet, i, 1236-1238.
16. Donceel, J. (1970). 'Immediate animation and delayed hominization,' Theological Studies, 31(1), 76-105.
17. Edwards, R. G., Mettler, L. & Walters, D. E. (1986). 'Identical twins and in vitro fertilization,' Journal of In Vitro Fertilization. Embryo Transfer, 3, 14-17.
18. Fine, K. (2000). 'A counterexample to Locke's thesis,' Monist, 83, 357-361.
19. Ford, N. (1988). When Did I Begin? Conception of the Human Individual in History, Philosophy and Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Gilson, E. (1956). The Christian Philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas. New York: Random House.
21. Grobstein, C. (1988). Science and the Unborn: Choosing Human Futures. New York: Basic Books.
22. Hall, J. L., Engel, D., Motta, G. L., Gindoff, P. R., & Stillman, R. J. (1993). 'Experimental cloning of human polyploid embryos using an artificial zona pellucida,' The American Fertility Society conjointly with the Canadian Fertility Society and Andrology Society, Program Supplement. Abstracts of the Scientific Oral and Poster Sessions, Abstract 0-001, S1.
23. Haldane, J. & Lee, P. (2003). 'Aquinas on ensoulment and abortion and the value of life,' Philosophy, 78(304), 255-278.
24. Hershenov, D. (2003). 'Can there be spatially coincident entities of the same kind?' Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 31, 1-23.
25. Hershenov, D. & Koch, R. (2005). 'How a hylomorphic metaphysics constrains the abortion debate,' National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 5(4), 751-764.
26. Hughes, C. (1997). 'Same-kind coincidence and the ship of Theseus,' Mind, 106(421), 53-67.
27. Johnson, M. (1995). 'Delayed hominization: Reflections on some recent Catholic claims for delayed hominization,' Theological Studies, 56(4), 743-763.
28. Johnson, M. (1997). 'Delayed hominization: A rejoinder to Thomas Shannon,' Theological Studies, 58, 708-713.
29. McCormick, R. (1991). 'Who or what is the preembryo?' Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 1(1), 1-15.
30. McMahan, J. (2002). The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
31. National Advisory Board on Ethics in Reproduction. (1994). 'Report on human cloning through embryo splitting: An amber light,' Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 4(2), 251-282.
32. NIH Statement Before the Senate Appropriations Committee. (2000). [On-line]. Available: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/State.htm. Accessed March, 2004.
33. Olson, E. (1997). The Human Animal Without Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Owens, J. (1994). 'Thomas Aquinas,' in J. J. E. Gracia (Ed.), Individuation in Scholasticism: The Later Middle Ages and the Counter-Reformation, 1150-1650 (pp. 173-194). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
35. Robinson, H. P. & Caines, J. S. (1977). 'Sonar evidence of early twin pregnancy failure in patients with twin conceptions,' British Journal of Obstretics and Gynecology, 84, 22-25.
36. Schacter. M., Raziel, A., Friedler, S., Strassburger, D., Bern, O., & Ron-El, R. (2001). 'Monozygotic twinning after assisted reproductive techniques: A phenomenon independent of micromanipulation,' Human Reproduction, 16, 1264-1269.
37. Schieve, L., Meikle, S. F., Peterson, H. B., Jeng, G., Burnett, N. M., & Wilcox, L. S. (2000). 'Does assisted hatching pose a risk for monozygotic twinning in pregnancies conceived through in vitro fertilization?' Fertility and Sterility, 74, 288-294.
38. Shannon, T. (1996). 'Delayed hominization: A response to Mark Johnson,' Theological Studies, 57, 731-734.
39. Shannon, T. (1997). 'A further postscript to Mark Johnson,' Theological Studies, 58, 715.
40. Sills, S., Moomjy, M., Zaninovic, N., Veeck, L. L., McGee, M., Palermo, G. D., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2000). 'Human zona pellucida micromanipulation and monozygotic twinning frequency after IVF,' Human Reproduction, 15, 890-895.
41. Singer, P., Kuhse, H., Buckel, S., Dawson K., & Kasimba, P. (Eds.). (1990). Embryo Experimentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42. Smith, B. & Brogaard, B. (2003). '16 days,' Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 28, 45-78.
43. Solter, D. & Gearhart, J. (2000). 'Biomedicine: Enhanced: Putting stem cells to work,' Science, 283, 1468-1470.
44. Stump, E. (1995). 'Non-Cartesian substance dualism and materialism without reductionism,' Faith and Philosophy, 12, 505-537.
45. Swinburne, R. (1984). Personal Identity. Oxford, England: B. Blackwell.
46. Tarlatzis, B. C., Qublan, H. S., & Sanopoulou, T. (2002). 'Increase in the monozygotic twinning rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and blastocyst stage embryo transfer.' Fertility and Sterility, 77(1), 196-198.
47. Unger, P. (1992). Identity, Consciousness and Value. New York: Oxford University Press.
48. Van Inwagen, P. (1990). Material Beings. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
49. Wiggins, D. (1980). Sameness and Substance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.