Natural history of intracranial atherosclerosis: A critical review

Neurosurgery

Volumn 58, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 595-601

  Komotar, Ricardo J ^a,b   Wilson, David A ^a   Mocco, J ^a   Jones, Jess E ^a   Connolly Jr , E Sander ^a   Lavine, Sean D ^a   Meyers, Philip M ^a  

^a Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

^b Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain   (United States)

Author keywords

Artery; Atherosclerosis; Intracranial; Natural history; Prognosis; Stenosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; TICLOPIDINE; WARFARIN;

ANGIOGRAPHY; BLEEDING; BRAIN ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DECISION MAKING; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE COURSE; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; MICROEMBOLISM; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

HUMANS; INFARCTION, MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS;

EID: 33645763503     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000204102.88016.33     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Akins PT, Pilgram TK, Cross DT, Moran CJ: Natural history of stenosis from intracranial atherosclerosis by serial angiography. Stroke 29:433-438, 1998.
2. Arenillas JF, Molina CA, Montaner J, Abilleira S, Gonzalez-Sanchez MA, Alvarez-Sabin J: Progression and clinical recurrence of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: A long-term follow-up transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Stroke 32:2898-2904, 2001.
3. Barnett HJ, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yatsu FM (eds): Stroke. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. New York, Churchill Livingston, 1998, ed 3.
4. Bogousslavsky J: Prognosis of carotid siphon stenosis. Stroke 18:537, 1987.
5. Borozan PG, Schuler JJ, LaRosa MP, Ware MS, Flanigan DP: The natural history of isolated carotid siphon stenosis. J Vasc Surg 1:744-749, 1984.
6. Caplan LR: Advances in stroke research: Basic science, treatment, and clinical trials outcomes. Rev Neurol Dis 1:91-94, 2004.
7. Chimowitz MI: Angioplasty or stenting is not appropriate as first-line treatment of intracranial stenosis. Arch Neurol 58:1690-1692, 2001.
8. Chimowitz MI: Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) Trial: Final Results. Presented at The International Stroke Conference, San Diego, CA, February 5-7, 2004 (abstr).
9. Chimowitz MI, Kokkinos J, Strong J, Brown MB, Levine SR, Silliman S, Pessin MS, Weichel E, Sila CA, Furlan AJ: The Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Study. Neurology 45:1488-1493, 1995.
10. Corston RN, Kendall BE, Marshall J: Prognosis in middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke 15:237-241, 1984.
11. Craig DR, Meguro K, Watridge C, Robertson JT, Barnett HJ, Fox AJ: Intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 13:825-828, 1982.
12. EC/IC Bypass Study Group: Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 313:1191-1200, 1985.
13. Feldmeyer JJ, Merendaz C, Regli F: Symptomatic stenoses of the middle cerebral artery. Rev Neurol (Paris) 139:725-736, 1983.
14. Gao S, Wong KS, Hansberg T, Lam WW, Droste DW, Bernd Ringelstein E: Microembolic signal predicts recurrent cerebral ischemic events in acute stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke 35:2832-2836, 2004.
15. Hinton RC, Mohr JP, Ackerman RH, Adair LB, Fisher CM: Symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Ann Neurol 5:152-157, 1979.
16. Kremer C, Schaettin T, Georgiadis D, Baumgartner RW: Prognosis of asymptomatic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:1300-1303, 2004.
17. Marzewski DJ, Furlan AJ, St Louis P, Little JR, Modic MT, Williams G: Intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis: Longterm prognosis. Stroke 13:821-824, 1982.
18. Mohr JP, Thompson JL, Lazar RM, Levin B, Sacco RL, Furie KL, Kistler JP, Albers GW, Pettigrew LC, Adams HP, Jackson CM, Pullicino P: A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 345:1444-1451, 2001.
19. Moufarrij NA, Little JR, Furlan AJ, Leatherman JR, Williams GW: Basilar and distal vertebral artery stenosis: Long-term follow-up. Stroke 17:938-942, 1986.
20. Pessin MS, Gorelick PB, Kwan ES, Caplan LR: Basilar artery stenosis: Middle and distal segments. Neurology 37:1742-1746, 1987.
21. Pessin MS, Kwan ES, DeWitt LD, Hedges TR, Gale D, Caplan LR: Posterior cerebral artery stenosis. Ann Neurol 21:85-89, 1987.
22. Qureshi AI, Ziai WC, Yahia AM, Mohammad Y, Sen S, Agarwal P, Zaidat OO, Suarez JI, Wityk RJ: Stroke-tree survival and its determinants in patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis: A multicenter study. Neurosurgery 52:1033-1040, 2003.
23. Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, Gan R, Chen X, Kargman DE, Shea S, Paik MC, Hauser WA: Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community: The northern Manhattan stroke Study. Am J Epidemiol 147:259-268, 1998.
24. Sacco RL, Kargman DE, Gu Q, Zamanillo MC: Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 26:14-20, 1995.
25. Segura T, Serena J, Castellanos M, Teruel J, Vilar C, Davalos A: Embolism in acute middle cerebral artery stenosis. Neurology 56:497-501, 2001.
26. Sila CA: Medical management of intracranial atherosclerosis: Current state of the art. Cleve Clin J Med 71[Suppl 1]:S47-49, 2004.
27. Thijs VN, Albers GW: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: Outcome of patients who tail antithrombotic therapy. Neurology 55:490-497, 2000.
28. Voetsch B, DeWitt LD, Pessin MS, Caplan LR: Basilar artery occlusive disease in the new england medical center posterior circulation registry. Arch Neurol 61:496-504, 2004.
29. Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) Study Group: Prognosis of patients with symptomatic vertebral or basilar artery stenosis. Stroke 29:1389-1392, 1998.
30. Wechsler LR, Kistler JP, Davis KR, Kaminski MJ: The prognosis of carotid siphon stenosis. Stroke 17:714-718, 1986.
31. Wityk RJ, Lehman D, Klag M, Coresh J, Ahn H, Litt B: Race and sex differences in the distribution of cerebral atherosclerosis. Stroke 27:1974-1980, 1996.