Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study

Journal of Public Health

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 94-102

  Ruiz, Jonatan R ^a,b   Ortega, Francisco B ^a,b   Meusel, Dirk ^c   Harro, Maarike ^d   Oja, Pekka ^a   Sjöström, Michael ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^c DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH DEVELOPMENT   (Estonia)

Author keywords

Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cardiovascular diseases; Children; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ARTICLE; BICYCLE ERGOMETRY; CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHILD; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MONITORING; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 33645761462     PISSN: 09431853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10389-006-0026-8     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Andersen LB, Hasselstrøm H, Grønfeldt V, Hansen SE, Froberg K (2004) The relationship between physical fitness and clustered risk, and tracking of clustered risk from adolescence to young adulthood: eight years follow-up in the Danish Youth and Sport Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 1:6
2. Balady GJ (2002) Survival of the fittest-more evidence. N Engl J Med 346:852-854
3. Boreham C, Twisk J, Murray L, Savage M, Strain JJ, Cran G (2001) Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:270-274
4. Boreham C, Twisk J, Neville C, Savage M, Murray L, Gallagher A (2002) Associations between physical fitness and activity patterns during adolescence and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Int J Sports Med 23:22S-26S
5. Boreham CA, Ferrera I, Twisk JW Gallagher AM, Savage MJ, Murray LJ (2004) Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and arterial stiffness: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Hypertension 44:721-726
6. Brage S, Wedderkopp N, Ekelund U, Franks PW, Wareham NJ, Andersen LB, Froberg K (2004) European Youth Heart Study (EYHS): Features of the metabolic syndrome are associated with objectively measured physical activity and fitness in Danish children: the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Diabetes Care 27:2141-2148
7. Carnethon MR, Gidding SS, Nehgme R, Sidney S, Jacobs DR, Liu K (2003) Cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood and the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors. JAMA 290:3092-3100
8. Church TS, LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Blair SN (2005) Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men with diabetes. Arch Intern Med 10:2114-21220
9. Eisenmann JC, Katzmarzyk PT, Perusse L, Tremblay A, Despres JP, Bouchard C (2005a) Aerobic fitness, body mass index, and CVD risk factors among adolescents: the Quebec family study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 29:1077-1083
10. Eisenmann JC, Wickel EE, Welk GJ, Blair SN (2005b) Relationship between adolescent fitness and fatness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adulthood: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Am Heart J 149:46-53
11. Ferreira I, Twisk JW, Stehouwer CD, van Mechelen W, Kemper HC. (2003) Longitudinal changes in VO2max: associations with carotid IMT and arterial stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1670-1678
12. Ferreira I, Twisk JW, Stehouver CD, van Mechelen W, Kemper HC (2005) The metabolic syndrome, cardiopulmonary fitness, and subcutaneous trunk fat as independent determinants of arterial stiffness: the Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med 25:875-882
13. Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, Lauderdale DS, Thisted RA, Wicklund RH, Al-Hani AJ, Black HR (2003) Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St. James women take heart project. Circulation 108:1554-1559
14. Gutin B, Litaker M, Islam S, Manos T, Smith C, Treiber F (1996) Body-composition measurement in 9-11-y-old children by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold thickness measurements, and bioimpedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 63:287-292
15. Gutin B, Yin Z, Humphries MC, Bassali R, Le NA, Daniels S, Barbeau P (2004) Relations of fatness and fitness to fasting insulin in black and white adolescents. J Pediatr 145:737-743
16. Gutin B, Yin Z, Humphries MC, Bassali R, Le NA, Daniels S, Barbeau P (2005) Relations of body fatness and cardiovascular fitness to lipid profile in black and white adolescents. Pediatr Res 58:78-82
17. Hansen HS, Froberg K, Nielsen JR, Hyldebrandt N (1989) A new approach to assessing maximal aerobic power in children: the odense school child study. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 58:618-624
18. Hasselstrøm H, Hansen SE, Froberg K, Andersen LB (2002) Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Danish youth and sports study. An eight-year follow-up study. Int J Sports Med 23:27S-31S
19. Janz KF, Dawson JD, Mahoney LT (2002) Increases in physical fitness during childhood improve cardiovascular health during adolescence: The muscatine study. Int J Sports Med 23:15S-21S
20. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Blair SN (2004) Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the effects of the metabolic syndrome on all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Arch Intern Med 164:1092-1097
21. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Janssen I, Ross R, Blair SN (2005) Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness. Diabetes Care 28:391-397
22. Kurl S, Laukkanen JA, Rauramaa R, Lakka TA, Sivenius J, Salonen JT (2003) Cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk for stroke in men. Arch Intern Med 163:1682-1688
23. LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Jurca R, Kampert JB, Church TS, Blair SN (2005) Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study of men and women. Circulation 26:505-512
24. Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS (1999) Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr 69:373-380
25. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412-419
26. Mora S, Redberg RF, Cui Y, Whiteman MK, Flaws JA, Sharrett AR, Blumenthal R (2003) Ability of exercise testing to predict cardiovascular and all-cause death in asymptomatic women: a 20-year follow-up of the lipid research clinics prevalence study. JAMA 290:1600-1607
27. Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood JE (2002) Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med 346:793-801
28. Nielsen GA, Andersen LB (2003) The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness, and body mass index in adolescents. Prev Med 36:229-234
29. Park MK, Menard SM (1987) Accuracy of blood pressure measurement by the Dinamap monitor in infants and children. Pediatrics 79:907-914
30. Poortvliet E, Yngve A, Ekelund U, Hurtig-Wennlöf A, Nilsson A, Hagströmer M, Sjöström M (2003) The European Youth Heart Survey (EYHS). An international study that addresses the multi-dimensional issues of CVD risk factors. Forum Nutr 56:254-256
31. Reed KA, Warburton DE, Lewanczuk RZ, Haykowski MJ, Scott JM, Whitney CL, McGavock JM, McKay HA (2005) Arterial compliance in young children: the role of aerobic fitness. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:492-497
32. Riddoch C, Edwards D, Page A, Froberg K, Anderssen SA, Wedderkopp N, Brage S, Cooper AR, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Klasson-Heggebø L, van Mechelen W, Boreham C, Ekelund U, Bo Andersen L, and the European Youth Heart Study team (2005) Cardiovascular disease risk factors in children: Rationale, aims, study, design, and validation of methods. J Phys Act Health 2:115-129
33. Twisk JW, Kemper HC, van Mechelen W (2002) The relationship between physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and cardiovascular disease risk factors at adult age. The Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study. Int J Sports Med 23:S8-S14
34. Sjöström M, Poortvliet E, Nelson M (2005) Monitoring public health nutrition in Europe: nutritional indicators and determinants of health status. J Public Health1 3:74-83
35. Wennlöf AH, Yngve A, Sjöström M (2003) Sampling procedure, participation rates and representativeness in the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Public Health Nutr 6:291-299
36. Wennlöf AH, Yngve A, Nilsson TK, Sjöström M (2005) Serum lipids, glucose and insulin levels in healthy schoolchildren aged 9 and 15 years from Central Sweden: reference values in relation to biological, social and lifestyle factors. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 65:65-76