Experimental and theoretical simulation of heterogeneous catalysis in aerothermochemistry (a review)

Fluid Dynamics

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 669-693

  Kovalev, V L ^a   Kolesnikov, A F ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSPACE VEHICLES; CARBON CARBON COMPOSITES; CATALYSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FIBERS; HEAT SHIELDING; QUARTZ; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;

EID: 33645748468     PISSN: 00154628     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10697-005-0106-4     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. G. E. Lozino-Lozinskii, "Buran' flight," in: Gagarin Scientific Studies in Aviation and Cosmonautics, 1989 [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1990), pp. 6-21.
2. G. E. Lozino-Lozinskii and A. G. Bratukhin (Eds.), Aviation-Space Systems [in Russian], Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow (1997).
3. R. Goulard, "On catalytic recombination rates in hypersonic stagnation heat transfer," Jet Propulsion, 28, No.11, 737-745 (1958).
4. V. D. Berkut, V. M. Doroshenko, V. V. Kovtun, and N. N. Kudryavtsev, Nonequilibrium Physicochemical Processes in Hypersonic Aerodynamics [in Russian], Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1994).
5. V. L. Kovalev, Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes in Aerothermodynamics [in Russian], Fizmatlit, Moscow (2002).
6. K. F. Bonhoeffer, "Das Verhalten von aktiven Wasserstoff," Z. Physikal. Chem., 113, No.3/4, 199-219 (1924).
7. N. A. Anfimov, G. A. Beda, I. P. Danilenko, S. L. Zolotarev, and V. A. Faddeev, "TsNIIMash electric-arc gas dynamic facilities. Schematics and test methods," in: Cosmonautics and Rocket Production, No. 2 [in Russian], Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Kaliningrad, Moscow Region (1994), pp. 33-46.
8. D. A. Stewart, Y. K. Chen, B. J. Bamford, and A. B. Romanovsky, "Predicting material surface catalytic efficiency using arc-jet tests," AIAA Paper, No. 95-2013 (1995).
9. C. D. Scott, "Catalytic recombination of nitrogen and oxygen on high-temperature reusable surface insulation," in: Crosbie A. L. (Ed.) Progr. Astronautics and Aeronaut.: Aerothermodynamics and Planetary Entry, AIAA, N. Y. (1981), pp. 192-212.
10. P. N. Baronets, A. F. Kolesnikov, B. M. Mysova, I. S. Pershin, Yu. K. Rulev, and M. I. Yakushin, "Simulation of physicochemical nonequilibrium heat transfer processes in subsonic induction plasmatron jets," in: Problems of Physical Gas Dynamics. Tr. TsAGI, No. 2424, 283-293 (1990).
11. Yu. I. Andronova, B. E. Zhestkov, I. G. Makarov, A. S. Litvin, "Determination of the catalytic properties of materials from the heat flux," in: Aerodynamics of Aerospace Vehicles, Vol. 1 [in Russian], TsAGI, Moscow (1992), pp. 209-216.
12. G. N. Zalogin, B. A. Zemlyanskii, V. B. Knot'ko, L. A. Kuz'min, V. V. Lunev, I. N. Murzinov, and A. N. Rumynskii, "High-frequency plasmatron - an apparatus for the investigation of aerophysical problems using high-enthalpy gas flows," in: Cosmonautics and Rocket Production, No. 2 [in Russian], Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Kaliningrad, Moscow Region (1994), pp. 22-32.
13. M. Auweter-Kurtz, H. L. Kurtz, and S. Laure, "Plasma generators for re-entry simulation," J. Propulsion and Power, 12, No.6, 1053-1061 (1996).
14. J. M. Bascle, D. Conte, and R. Leroux, "A new test facility for experimental characterization of high temperature composites and ceramics," Proc. 3rd Europ. Workshop on TPS, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESTEC (1998).
15. A. Garcia, O. Chazot, D. Fletcher, "Investigations in plasmatron facilities on catalyticity determination," in: R. A. Harris (Ed.) Proc. 4th Europ. Symp. Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. 2001, Capua, Italy, ESA SP-487, (2002), pp. 489-495.
16. S. A. Vasil'evskii, A. F. Kolesnikov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Determination of effective probabilities of heterogeneous atom recombination when gas-phase reactions affect the heat flow," Teplophys. Vysok. Temp., 29, No.3, 521-529 (1991).
17. A. F. Kolesnikov, "The aerothermodynamic simulation in sub-and supersonic high-enthalpy jets: Experiments and theory," in: J. J. Hunt (Ed.) Proc. 2nd Europ. Symp. Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESTEC, ESA SP-367, (1994), pp. 583-590.
18. A. V. Vlasov, G. N. Zalogin, B. A. Zemlyanskii, and V. B. Knot'ko, "Methods and results of an experimental determination of the catalytic activity of materials at high temperatures," Fluid Dynamics, 38, No.5, 815-825 (2003).
19. P. N. Baronets, A. N. Gordeev, A. F. Kolesnikov, M. I. Yakushin et al. "Developing heat shield materials for the 'Buran' orbital vehicle in inductive plasmatrons," in: Gagarin Scientific Studies in Aviation and Cosmonautics, 1990, 1991 [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1991), pp. 41-52.
20. N. G. Bykova, S. A. Vasil'evskii, A. N. Gordeev, A. F. Kolesnikov, I. S. Pershin, and M. I. Yakushin, "Determination of the effective probabilities of catalytic reactions on the surfaces of heat shield materials in dissociated carbon dioxide flows," Fluid Dynamics, 32, No.6, 876-886 (1997).
21. A. F. Kolesnikov, I. S. Pershin, S. A. Vasil'evskii, and M. I. Jakushin, "Study of quartz surface catalyticity in dissociated carbon dioxide subsonic flow," J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 37, No.5, 573-579 (2000). (AIAA Paper, No. 98-2847 (1999).)
22. G. Herdrich, M. Auweter-Kurtz, and P. Endlich, "Mars re-entry simulation using the inductively heated plasma generator IPG4," AIAA Paper, No. 2001-3013 (2001).
23. V. B. Knotko, V. A. Osipov, A. N. Rumynsky, G. N. Zalogin, and B. A. Zemliansky, "Experimental study of different thermal protection materials in dissociated carbon dioxide flow," in: R. A. Harris (Ed.) Proc. 3rd Europ. Symp. on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESTEC, ESA SP-426, (1999), pp. 147-154.
24. 2 subsonic flow for the Mars entry conditions," in: Intern. Workshop on Planetary Probe Atmospheric Entry and Descent Trajectory Analysis and Science. Lisbon, Portugal, 2003. ESE SP-544 (2004), pp. 77-83.
25. R. J. Vidal and T. C. Golian, "Heat transfer measurements with a catalytic flat plate in dissociated oxygen," AIAA J., 5, No.8, 1579-1587 (1967).
26. M. J. H. Balat, M. Czerniak, and J. M. Badie, "Ceramic catalysis evaluation at high temperature using thermal and chemical approaches," J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 36, No.2, 273-279 (1999).
27. A. N. Gordeev, A. F. Kolesnikov and M. I. Yakushin, "Effect of surface catalytic activity on nonequilibrium heat transfer in a subsonic jet of dissociated nitrogen," Fluid Dynamics, 20, No.3, 478-484 (1985).
28. V. M. Doroshenko, V. M. Mysova, Yu. K. Rulev, and M. I. Yakushin, "Measurements of the enthalpy in high-temperature subsonic nitrogen and air jets in an induction plasmatron," Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., 53, No.3, 492-493 (1987).
29. G. N. Zalogin, V. B. Knot'ko, V. V. Lunev, O. N. Ostapovich, and S. B. Redichkin, "Measurements of the enthalpy in high-temperature subsonic low-density flow," Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., 54, No.1, 5-9 (1988).
30. A. V. Vlasov, G. N. Zalogin, and V. B. Knot'ko, "Diagnostics of a nonequilibrium plasma flow in a high-frequency inductive plasmatron using a double catalytic probe," in: Cosmonautics and Rocket Production, No. 19 [in Russian], Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Kaliningrad, Moscow Region (2000), pp. 97-106.
31. N. G. Bykova, S. A. Vasil'evskii, and A. F. Kolesnikov, "Effect of radiation on the space temperature distribution of subsonic induction plasma flows," Teplophys. Vysok. Temp., 42, No.1, 16-22 (2004).
32. G. N. Zalogin, P. G. Itin, V. V. Lunev, and S. L. Perov, "Anomalous heat transfer on a catalytic surface in a dissociated nitrogen flow," in: Gagarin Scientific Studies in Cosmonautics and Aviation, 1988 [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1989), pp. 26-33.
33. P. N. Baronets, A. F. Kolesnikov, S. N. Kubarev, I. S. Pershin, A. S. Trukhanov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Superequilibrium heating of the surface of a heat-shield tile in a subsonic jet of dissociated air," Fluid Dynamics, 26, No.6, 437-443 (1991).
34. V. G. Andrianova, Yu. G. Goryachkovskii, V. A. Petrov, V. Yu. Reznik and Yu. V. Filin, "Investigation of the spectral emittance of boron-silicate coatings on high-temperature heat-insulation materials," Teplophys. Vysok. Temp., 20, No.5, 992-995 (1982).
35. V. V. Shvedchenko, B. Eu. Zhestkov, W. P. P. Fisher, and W.-D. Ebeling, "Methodology and results of catalyticity and plasma erosion tests on FEI components," SAE Techn. Paper, No. 941586 (1994).
36. J. A. Fay and F. F. Riddell, "Theory of stagnation point transfer in dissociated air," J. Aeronaut Sci., 25, No.2, 73-85 (1958).
37. A. F. Kolesnikov, M. I. Yakushin, S. A. Vasil'evskii, I. S. Pershin, and A. N. Gordeev, "Catalysis heat effects on quartz surfaces in high-enthalpy subsonic oxygen and carbon dioxide flows," in: R. A. Harris (Ed.) Proc. 3rd Europ. Symp. on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESTEC, ESA SP-426, (1999), pp. 537-544.
38. A. F. Kolesnikov and M. I. Yakushin, "Determination of effective probabilities of heterogeneous recombination on the basis of the heat fluxes to a surface in dissociated air flow," Mat. Modelirovanie, 1, No.3, 44-60 (1989).
39. N. E. Afonina, S. A. Vasil'evskii, V. G. Gromov, A. F. Kolesnikov, I. S. Pershin, V. I. Sakharov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Flow and heat transfer in underexpanded air jets flowing out from a sonic plasmatron nozzle," Fluid Dynamics, 37, No.5, 437-443 (2002).
40. G. G. Chernyi, Introduction to Hypersonic Flow, Academic Press, New York (1961).
41. V. V. Lunev, Hypersonic Aerodynamics [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1975).
42. D. A. Stewart, I. V. Rakich, and M. Z. Lanfranco, "Catalytic surface effects experiment on Space Shuttle," in: T. E. Horton (Ed.), Prog. Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 82, AIAA, N. Y. (1982), pp. 248-272.
43. P. Kolodziej and D. A. Stewart, "Nitrogen recombination on high-temperature reusable surface insulation and the analysis of its effect on surface catalysis," AIAA Paper, No. 87-1637 (1987).
44. O. N. Suslov, "Asymptotic integration of the equations of a multicomponent, chemically nonequilibrium boundary layer," in: Aerodynamics of Hypersonic Flows with Blowing [in Russian], Izd. MGU, Moscow (1979), pp. 6-39.
45. V. L. Kovalev and O. N. Suslov, "Diffusion separation of chemical elements on a catalytic surface," Fluid Dynamics, 24, No.4, 579-585 (1988).
46. V. L. Kovalev and O. N. Suslov, "Asymptotic formulas for investigating heat-and mass transfer in a chemically nonequilibrium boundary layer on a catalytic surface," Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 345, No.4, 483-486 (1995).
47. O. N. Suslov and G. A. Tirskiy, "The kinetics of the recombination of nitrogen atoms on HRSI in hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium flows," in: J. J. Hunt (Ed.) Proc. 2nd Europ. Symp. Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESTEC, ESA SP-367, (1994), pp. 413-419.
48. G. Tirskiy, S. Vasil'evskiy, and V. Kovalev, "Elements separation in hypersonic flow over a body due to the multicomponent diffusion, non-equilibrium homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous surface recombination," in: K. Lu. Frank (Ed.) Shock Waves: Proc. 23rd Intern. Symp. on Shock Waves, Fort Worth, Texas, USA (2001), pp. 1018-1024.
49. I. V. Yegorov, M. V. Yegorova, and D. V. Ivanov, "Simulation of non-equilibrium separated flows," AIAA Paper, No. 97-2583 (1997).
50. B. Eu. Zhestkov, D. V. Ivanov, V. V. Shvedchenko, I. V. Yegorov, W. P. P. Fisher, and J. Antonenko, "Calculated and experimental flat and wavy surface temperature distributions," AIAA Paper, No. 99-0733 (1999).
51. S. A. Vasil'evskii, A. F. Kolesnikov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Mathematical models for plasma and gas flows in induction plasmatrons," in: M. Capitelli (Ed.), Mol. Phys. and Hypersonic Flows, Vol. 482, Kluwer, NATO ASI Series, Dordrecht (1996), pp. 495-504.
52. Abeele D. Vanden and G. Degrez, "Efficient model for inductive plasma computations," AIAA J., 38, No.2, 234-242 (2000).
53. A. F. Kolesnikov, "Conditions of subsonic simulation of stagnation point heat transfer from a high-enthalpy flow," Fluid Dynamics, 28, No.5, 131-137 (1993).
54. A. F. Kolesnikov, "The concept of local simulation for stagnation point heat transfer in hypersonic flows: Application and validation," AIAA Paper, No. 2000-2515 (2000).
55. E. V. Zoby, "Analysis of STS-2 experimental heating rates and transition data," AIAA Paper, No. 82-0822 (1982).
56. D. A. Stewart and D. B. Leiser, "Catalytic surface effect of ceramic coating for an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle," Ceramic Eng. Sci. Proc., 5, 491-505 (1984).
57. Y. C. Kim and M. Boudart, "Recombination of O, N, and H atoms on silica: Kinetics and mechanism," J. Langmuir, No. 7, 2999-3005 (1991).
58. R. N. Gupta, "Reevaluation of flight-derived surface recombination-rate expressions for oxygen and nitrogen," J. Langmuir, No. 7, 2999-3005 (1991).
59. G. N. Zalogin and V. V. Lunev, "Catalytic properties of materials in a nonequilibrium dissociated air flow," Fluid Dynamics, 32, No.5, 748-755 (1997).
60. L. P. Voinov, G. N. Zalogin, V. V. Lunev, and V. P. Timoshenko, "Comparative analysis of laboratory and full-scale data on the catalyticity of the heat shield for the 'Bor' and 'Buran' orbital vehicles," in: Cosmonautics and Rocket Production, No. 2 [in Russian], Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Kaliningrad, Moscow Region (1994), pp. 51-57.
61. S. A. Vasil'evskii, A. F. Kolesnikov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Increased heat transfer to a titanium surface with oxygen injection into the nonequilibrium boundary layer," Fluid Dynamics, 26, No.5, 598-604 (1991).
62. V. L. Kovalev, A. F. Kolesnikov, A. A. Krupnov, and M. I. Yakushin, "Analysis of phenomenological models describing the catalytic properties of high-temperature reusable coatings," Fluid Dynamics, 31, No.6, 910-919 (1996).
63. V. P. Agafonov and M. M. Kuznetsov, "Simulation of nonequilibrium heat fluxes to a catalytic surface, Uch. Zap. TsAGI, 10, No.4, 66-78 (1979).
64. F. Nasuti, M. Barbato, and C. Bruno, "Material-dependent catalytic recombination modeling for hypersonic flows," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 10, No.1, 131-136 (1996).
65. A. Daiss, H. H. Fruhauf, and E. W. Messerschmid, "Modelling of catalytic reactions on silica surfaces with consideration of slip effects," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 11, No.3, 346-352 (1997).
66. 2 -based surface and application to real trajectory," AIAA Paper, No. 2000-2366 (2000).
67. E. J. Jumper and W. A. Seward, "Model for oxygen recombination on silicon-dioxide surfaces," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 5, No.3, 284-291 (1991).
68. E. J. Jumper, M. Newman, D. R. Kitchen, and W. A. Seward, "Recombination of nitrogen on silica-based, thermal-protection-tile-like surfaces," AIAA Paper, No. 93-0477 (1993).
69. O. Deutschmann, U. Riedel, and J. Warnatz, "Modeling of nitrogen and oxygen recombination on partial catalytic surfaces," Preprint No. 23, June 1994, Universitat Stuttgart, Institut fur Technische Verbrennung, (1994).
70. B. Halpern and D. E. Rosner, "Chemical energy accommodation at catalytic surfaces," Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. J., 74, 1833-1912 (1978).
71. R. J. Willey, "Comparison of kinetic models for atom recombination on high-temperature reusable surface insulation," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 7, No. 1, 55-62 (1993).
72. V. L. Kovalev and A. A. Krupnov, "Effect of the formation of nitrogen oxide in heterogeneous catalytic reactions on the heat fluxes to the surface of reentry space vehicles," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1. Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 1, 31-36 (2004).
73. V. L. Kovalev and O. N. Suslov, "Model of the interaction between partially ionized air and a catalytic surface," in: Investigation of Hypersonic Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer with Allowance for Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions [in Russian], Izd. MGU, Moscow (1987), pp. 58-69.
74. V. L. Kovalev and O. N. Suslov, "Simulation of the interaction between partially-ionized air and the catalytic surface of high-temperature reusable thermal insulation," Fluid Dynamics, 31, No.5, 775-784 (1996).
75. V. L. Kovalev, O. N. Suslov, and G. A. Tirskiy, "Phenomenological theory for heterogeneous recombination of partially dissociated air on high temperature surfaces," in: M. Capitelli (Ed.), Mol. Phys. and Hypersonic Flows. NATO ASI Ser. C, Vol. 482, Kluwer, Dordrecht (1996), pp. 193-203.
76. C. D. Scott, "Effect of nonequilibrium and wall catalysis on shuttle heat transfer," J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 22, No.5, 489-499 (1985).
77. V. P. Agafonov and V. S. Nikol'skii, "Interaction between gas-phase and surface reactions in strongly dissociated air flow in a boundary layer," Uchen. Zap. TsAGI, 11, No.2, 46-53 (1980).
78. V. G. Voronkin and G. A. Zalogin, "On the recombination mechanism of atomic nitrogen near a catalytic surface in a stream of dissociated air," Fluid Dynamics, 15, No.3, 454-456 (1980).
79. D. A. Stewart and D. B. Leiser, "Effect of radiant and convective heating on optical and thermochemical properties of reusable surface insulation," AIAA Paper, No. 76-444 (1976).
80. G. R. S. Sarma, "Physico-chemical modeling in hypersonic flow simulation," Progr. in Aerospace Sciences, 36, 281-349 (2000).
81. J. C. Greaves and J. W. Linnett, "Recombination of atoms at surfaces. P. 6. Recombination of oxygen atoms on silica from 20 C to 600 C," Trans. Faraday Soc., 55, 623-634 (1978).
82. C. Bruno and L. Guarino, "Re-entry problems," in: M. Capitelli and J. M. Beardsley, Nonequilibrium Processes in Ionized Gases. NATO ASI Ser. B, ESTEC, ESA-SP-367 (1994), pp. 413-429.
83. V. L. Kovalev and A. A. Krupnov, "Features of simulation of heat transfer with catalytic surfaces on entry of bodies into the Earth's atmosphere," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1. Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 5, 64-67 (1998).
84. R. A. Copeland, J. B. Pallix, and D. A. Stewart, "Surface-catalyzed NO from recombination of N and O atoms," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 12, No.4, 496-505 (1998).
85. V. G. Voronkin, "Nonequilibrium viscous shock layer on blunt cones," Fluid Dynamics, 14, No.6, 825-829 (1979).
86. G. Candler and R. W. MacCormack, "The computation of hypersonic ionized flows in chemical and thermal nonequilibrium," AIAA Paper, No. 89-0312 (1989).
87. V. A. Gorelov, M. K. Gladyshev, A. Yu. Kireev et al., "Ionization near hypersonic vehicles: The experience of numerical, laboratory and flight investigations," AIAA Paper, No. 95-1940 (1995).
88. V. L. Kovalev and O. N. Suslov, "Multicomponent nonequilibrium viscous shock layer on a catalytic surface," in: Hypersonic Flows past Bodies and in Wakes [in Russian], Izd. MGU, Moscow (1983), pp. 53-62.
89. G. A. Melin and R. J. Madix, "Energy accommodation during oxygen atom recombination on metal surfaces," Trans. Faraday Soc., 67, No.1, 198-211 (1971).
90. D. E. Rosner and H. H. Feng, "Energy transfer effects of excited molecule production by surface-catalyzed atom recombination," Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. J., 70, 884-906 (1974).
91. G. N. Zalogin and S. L. Perov, "Effect of partial energy accommodation in heterogeneous atomic recombination on a catalytic surface," in: Problems of Hydrodynamics, Aerophysics, and Applied Mathematics [in Russian], Izd-vo MFTI, Moscow (1985), pp. 29-33.
92. A. Daiss, H. H. Fruhauf, and E. W. Messerschmid, "Chemical reactions and thermal non-equilibrium on silica surface, in: M. Capitelli (Ed.), Mol. Phys. and Hypersonic Flows, Vol. 482, Kluwer, NATO ASI Series, Dordrecht (1996), pp. 203-218.
93. M. Cacciatore, M. Rutigliano, and G. Billing, "Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood oxygen atom recombination reaction on silica: Energy transfer and recombination coefficient calculation," 1st Electronic Conf. on Vibrational Kinetics in Non-Equilibrium Flows, Bari, Italy (1997).
94. M. Barbato, V. Belucci, and C. Bruno, "Effects of thermal non-equilibrium on catalytic boundary conditions for application to air inlets," System Analys. Modeling Simulation, 34, No.3, 435-483 (1999).
95. C. D. Scott, "Wall catalytic recombination and boundary conditions in nonequilibrium hypersonic flows with applications," in: J. J. Bertin et al. (Eds.), Advances in Hypersonics. Modeling Hypersonic Flows, Vol. 2. Birkhauser, Boston (1992), pp. 176-250.
96. K. L. Carleton and W. J. Marinelli, "Spacecraft thermal energy accommodation from atomic recombination," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 6, No.4, 650-655 (1992).
97. B. Halpern and D. E. Rosner, "Incomplete energy accommodation in surface-catalyzed reactions," Amer. Geophys. Union, 26, 167-171 (1982).
98. 2/O mixtures near catalytic surfaces," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 16, No.2, 238-244 (2002).
99. M. Cacciatore, M. Rutigliano, and G. Billing, "Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood recombination coefficients for oxygen on silica," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 13, No.2, 195-203 (1999).
100. M. J. H. Balat-Pichelin, V. L. Kovalev, A. F. Kolesnikov, and A. A. Krupnov, "An analysis and predicting the efficiency of atomic oxygen recombination and chemical energy accommodation on heated silica surfaces," in: Rarefied Gas Dynamics: Proc. 24th Symp. Bary, Italy (2004).
101. R. N. Gupta, C. D. Scott, and J. N. Moss, "Surface-slip equations for low Reynolds number multicomponent air flow," AIAA Paper, No. 84-1732 (1984).
102. B. A. Kiryutin and G. A. Tirskii, "Slip boundary conditions on a catalytic surface in a multicomponent gas flow," Fluid Dynamics, 31, No.2, 159-168 (1996).
103. N. A. Anfimov, "Some effects associated with the multicomponent nature of gas mixtures," Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Mekh. Mashinostr., No. 5, 117-123 (1963).
104. G. A. Tirskii, "Determination of the effective diffusion coefficients in a laminar multicomponent boundary layer," Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 155, No.6, 1278-1281 (1964).
105. V. G. Gromov, "Chemically nonequilibrium laminar boundary layer in dissociated air," Fluid Dynamics, 1, No.2, 1-4 (1966).
106. V. G. Voronkin and L. K. Geraskina, "Nonequilibrium laminar boundary layer of dissociating air on axisymmetric bodies," Fluid Dynamics, 4, No.3, 99-102 (1969).
107. V. L. Kovalev, "Modeling of the diffusion processes in describing chemically nonequilibrium flows in the neighborhood of catalytic surfaces," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1, Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 1, 86-89 (1995).
108. R. A. Mitcheltree and P. A. Gnoffo, "Wake flow about the Mars Pathfinder entry vehicle," J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 32, No.5, 771-776 (1995).
109. R. N. Gupta, K. P. Lee, and C. D. Scott, "Aerothermal study of Mars Pathfinder aeroshell," J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 33, No.1, 61-69 (1996).
110. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Simulation of catalytic properties of coatings of high-temperature heat shield materials in a dissociated carbon dioxide-nitrogen mixture," Fluid Dynamics, 35, No.1, 106-116 (2000).
111. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Model of heterogeneous recombination on heat shield coatings of space vehicles entering the Martian atmosphere with allowance for finite oxygen atom adsorption rate," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1, Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 3, 40-45 (2001).
112. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Catalysis modeling for thermal protection systems of vehicles entering into the Martian atmosphere," AIAA Paper, No. 01-2832 (2001).
113. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Investigation of the effect of different mechanisms of heterogeneous recombination on heat fluxes to a catalytic surface in dissociated carbon dioxide," Fluid Dynamics, 37, No.1, 132-140 (2002).
114. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Effect of different heterogeneous recombination mechanisms on heat fluxes to catalytic surfaces in carbon dioxide," in: R. A. Harris (Ed.) Proc. 4th Europ. Symp. on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles. Capua, Italy, 2001, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESA Publ. Division, ESTEC, ESA SP-487 (2002), pp. 131-136.
115. N. E. Afonina, V. G. Gromov, and V. L. Kovalev, "Low-catalyticity coatings on the leeward surface of a descent module entering the Martian atmosphere," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1, Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 6, 18-22 (2003).
116. G. A. Kravetskii, A. V. Kuznetsov, B. I. Kostikov, and V. V. Rodionova, "Heat-resistant non-oxidizing protective coating on carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon-carbide materials and structural elements made from these materials for aeronautical and rocket engineering," in: Proceedings of 1st International Aerospace Symposium "Men-Earth-Space", 1992, Vol. 5, Materials and Production Technology of Aerospace Engineering [in Russian], Engineering Academy Press, Moscow (1995), pp. 249-254.
117. S. Sepka, R. Copeland, Y.-K. Chen, and J. Marshall, "Experimental investigation of surface reactions in carbon monoxide and oxygen mixtures," J. Thermophys. and Heat Transfer, 14, No.1, 45-52 (2000).
118. V. L. Kovalev, "Phenomenological models of the catalytic properties of heat shield coatings of space vehicles entering the Martian atmosphere," in: Proc. 14th Session of Intern. School on Models of Continuum Mechanics, Zhukovskii, Russia, MFTI, Moscow (1998), pp. 83-91.
119. V. L. Kovalev, "Simulation of the catalytic properties of heat shield coatings on entry into the Martian atmosphere," Vestn. MGU, Ser. 1, Matematika, Mekhanika, No. 1, 37-43 (1999).
120. B. F. Gordiets and C. M. Ferreira, "Self-consistent modelling of volume and surface processes in air plasma," AIAA J., 36, No.9, 1643-1651 (1998).