Identification, diagnosis, and management of anemia in adult ambulatory patients treated by primary care physicians: Evidence-based and consensus recommendations

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 385-395

  Dubois, Robert W ^a   Goodnough, L Tim ^b   Ershler, William B ^c   Van Winkle, Lloyd ^d   Nissenson, Allen R ^e  

^a Cerner Health Insights   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Institute for Advanced Studies in Aging and Geriatric Medicine   (United States)

^d Medina Valley Family Practice   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anemia; Appropriateness of treatment; Clinical recommendations; Disease management

Indexed keywords

ERYTHROPOIETIN; HEMOGLOBIN; IRON;

ADULT; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE; ANEMIA; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSENSUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYANOCOBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMPIRICISM; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; IRON DEFICIENCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATIENT REFERRAL; PHYSICIAN; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; ADOLESCENT; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; MIDDLE AGED;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE; ANEMIA; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIANS, FAMILY;

EID: 33645747428     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/030079906X89720     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Ania BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF, et al. Prevalence of anemia in medical practice: community versus referral patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:730-5
2. Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. JAMA 1997;277:973-6
3. Niederau C, Niederau CM, Lange S, et al. Screening for hemochromatosis and iron deficiency in employees and primary care patients in Western Germany. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:337-45
4. Van der Werf MJ, van Benthem BH, van Ameijden EJ. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of anaemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug users. Addiction 2000;95:383-92
5. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1011-23
6. Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L, et al. Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood 2004;104:2263-8
7. Goodnough LT, Dubois RW, Nissenson AR. Anemia: not just an innocent bystander? Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1400-4
8. Maeda K, Tanaka Y, Tsukano Y, et al. Multivariate analysis using a linear discriminant function for predicting the prognosis of congestive heart failure. Jpn Circ J 1982;46:137-42
9. Carson JL, Duff A, Poses RM, et al. Effect of anaemia and cardiovascular disease on surgical mortality and morbidity. Lancet 1996;348:1055-60
10. Hebert PC, Wells G, Tweeddale M, et al. Does transfusion practice affect mortality in critically ill patients? Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care (TRICC) Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1618-23
11. McClellan WM, Flanders WD, Langston RD, et al. Anemia and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for death among patients with congestive heart failure admitted to community hospitals: a population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:1928-36
12. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Sheps D, et al. The effect of correction of mild anemia in severe, resistant congestive heart failure using subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron: a randomized controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1775-80
13. Wu WC, Rathore SS, Wang Y, et al. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1230-6
14. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Morgan J. A randomized controlled trial of complete vs partial correction of anemia in hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic concentric LV hypertrophy or LV dilatation. Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:208
15. Levin A, Thompson CR, Ethier J, et al. Left ventricular mass index increase in early renal disease: impact of decline in hemoglobin. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:125-34
16. Collins AJ, Ma JZ, Ebben J. Impact of hematocrit on morbidity and mortality. Semin Nephrol 2000;20:345-9
17. Low-Friedrich I, Grutzmacher P, Marz W, et al. Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin reduces cardiac size and improves heart function in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 1991;11:54-60
18. Goldberg N, Lundin AP, Delano B, et al. Changes in left ventricular size, wall thickness, and function in anemic patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Am Heart J 1992;124:424-7
19. Low I, Grutzmacher P, Bergmann M, et al. Echocardiographic findings in patients on maintenance hemodialysis substituted with recombinant human erythropoietin. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:26-30
20. NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. National Kidney Foundation-dialysis outcomes quality initiative. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30: S192-240
21. Rizzo JD, Lichtin AE, Woolf SH, et al. Use of epoetin in patients with cancer: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. Blood 2004;100:2303-20
22. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010: understanding and improving health. 2nd edn. Washington DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000
23. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aguilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 2001
24. Kravitz RL, Laouri M, Kahan JP, et al. Validity of criteria used for detecting underuse of coronary revascularization. JAMA 1995;274:632-8
25. Shekelle PG, Kahan JP, Bernstein SJ, et al. The reproducibility of a method to identify the overuse and underuse of medical procedures. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1888-95
26. Joosten E, Pelemans W, Hiele M, et al. Prevalence and causes of anaemia in a geriatric hospitalized population. Gerontology 1992;38:111-7
27. Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, et al. Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 1998;91:301-8
28. Ania BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF, et al. Prevalence of anemia in medical practice: community versus referral patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:730-5
29. Salive ME, Cornoni-Huntley J, Guralnik JM, et al. Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender, and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:489-96
30. Nilsson-Ehle H, Jagenburg R, Landahl S, et al. Haematological abnormalities and reference intervals in the elderly. A cross-sectional comparative study of three urban Swedish population samples aged 70, 75 and 81 years. Acta Med Scand 1988;224:595-604
31. De Craen AJ, Gussekloo J, Teng YK, et al. Prevalence of five common clinical abnormalities in very elderly people: population based cross sectional study. BMJ 2003;327:131-2
32. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M, et al. The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35: 1737-44
33. Baer AN, Dessypris EN, Krantz SB. The pathogenesis of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and laboratory analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1990;19:209-23
34. De Marchi S, Pirisi M, Ferraccioli GF. Erythropoietin and the anemia of chronic diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993;11: 429-44
35. Schreiber S, Howaldt S, Schnoor M, et al. Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:619-23
36. Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, et al. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of and risk factors for anemia in a multicenter cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected women. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:260-6
37. Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2001;15:473-80
38. Semba RD, Shah N, Vlahov D. Improvement of anemia among HIV-infected injection drug users receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;26:315-9
39. Bothwell T. The importance of assessing iron status. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1991;26(Suppl 3):11-6
40. Gordon SR, Smith RE, Power GC. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in patients over the age of 50. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1963-7
41. Sari R, Aydogdu I, Sevinc A, et al. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopical investigation in elderly patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Haematologia (Budap) 2002;31:327-32
42. Beveridge BR, Bannerman RM, Evanson JM, et al. Hypochromic anaemia. A retrospective study and follow-up of 378 in-patients. Q J Med 1965;34:145-61
43. Kirkeby OJ, Fossum S, Risoe C. Anaemia in elderly patients. Incidence and causes of low haemoglobin concentration in a city general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 1991;9:167-71
44. Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood 1997;89:1052-7
45. Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M, et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med 1990;88:205-9
46. Remacha AF, Rodriguez-de la Serna A, Garcia-Die F, et al. Erythroid abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of erythropoietin. J Rheumatol 1992;19:1687-91
47. Peeters HR, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Raja AN, et al. Course and characteristics of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset. Ann Rheum Dis 1996;55:162-8
48. Izaks GJ, Westendorp RG, Knook DL. The definition of anemia in older persons. JAMA 1999;281:1714-17
49. Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Anemia and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998;19:29-33
50. Linde T, Wikstrom B, Andersson LG, et al. Renal anaemia treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin increases cardiac output in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1996;30:115-20
51. Peeters HR, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Bakker CH, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin improves health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia of chronic disease; utility measures correlate strongly with disease activity measures. Rheumatol Int 1999;18:201-6
52. Gasche C, Dejaco C, Waldhoer T, et al. Intravenous iron and erythropoietin for anemia associated with Crohn disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:782-7
53. Kaltwasser JP, Kessler U, Gottschalk R, et al. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and intravenous iron on anemia and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2001;28:2430-6
54. DeMaeyer E, Adiels-Tegman M. The prevalence of anaemia in the world. World Health Stat Q 1985;38:302-16
55. Adams PF, Hendershot GE, Marano MA. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1996. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1999;10:1-203
56. Park RE, Fink A, Brook RH, et al. Physician ratings of appropriate indications for three procedures: theoretical indications vs indications used in practice. Am J Public Health 1989;79: 445-7