Transverse and longitudinal CTE measurements of carbon fibers and their impact on interfacial residual stresses in composites

Journal of Composite Materials

Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 733-754

  Kulkarni, Raghav ^a   Ochoa, Ozden ^a  

^a Texas AandM University   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon fibers; Coefficient of thermal expansion; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Finite element analysis; Transmission electron microscopy

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE MATERIALS; FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; MORPHOLOGY; RESIDUAL STRESSES; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMAL EXPANSION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION; EPOXY MATRIX; FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

CARBON FIBERS;

EID: 33645740005     PISSN: 00219983     EISSN: 1530793X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0021998305055545     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chand, S. (2000). Review: Carbon Fibers for Composites, Journal of Materials Science, 35 (6). 1303 - 1313.
2. Donnet, J.B., Rebouillat, S., Wang, T.K. and Peng, C.M. (1998). Carbon Fibers, 3rd edn, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
3. Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Sugihara, K., Spain, I.L. and Goldberg, H.A. (1988). Graphite Fibers and Filaments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
4. Diefendorf, R.J. and Tokarsky, E. (1975). High-Performance Carbon Fibers, Polymer Engineering and Science, 15 (3). 150 - 159.
5. Daniel, I.M. and Ishai, O. (1993). Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, Oxford University Press, New York.
6. Fletcher, A.J. and Oakeshott, J.L. (1994). Thermal Residual Microstress Generation during the Processing of Unidirectional Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Resin Composites: Random Fibre Arrays, Composites, 25 (8). 806 - 813.
7. Kumar, S. and Singh, R.N. (1995). Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modelling of Residual Thermal Stresses in Graphite/Aluminum Composites, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 43 (6). 2417 - 2498.
8. Villeneuve, J.F., Naslain, R., Fourmeaux, R. and Sevely, J. (1993). Longitudinal/Radial Thermal Expansion and Poisson Ratio of Some Ceramic Fibers as Measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Composites Science and Technology, 49: 89 - 103.
9. Tzeng, S.S. (1992). Structure and Property Relationships in Carbon Fibers, PhD Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
10. Hashin, Z. (1979). Analysis of Properties of Fiber Composites with Anisotropic Constituents, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 46: 543 - 550.
11. Fanning, R.C. and Fleck, J.N. (1971). Transverse Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Graphite Fibers, In: Extended Abstracts of 10th Biennial Carbon Conference, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, pp. 47 - 48.
12. Wagoner, G. and Bacon, R. (1989). Elastic Constants and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Various Carbon Fibers, In: Extended Abstracts of 19th Biennial Carbon Conference, Penn State University, State College, PA, pp. 296 - 297.
13. Wagoner, G., Smith, R.E. and Bacon, R. (1987). Thermal Expansion and Elastic Constant Measurement of Carbon Fibers, In: Extended Abstracts of 18th Biennial Carbon Conference, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, pp. 415 - 416.
14. Van Schooneveld, H.G. and Diefendorf, R.J. (1980). Transverse Thermal Expansion in Carbon Fibers and their Composites, In: Proceedings Baden Baden Carbon Conference, Baden-Baden, West Germany, pp. 606 - 609.
15. Trinquecoste, M., Carlier, J.L., Derre, A., Delhaes, P. and Chadeyron, P. (1996). High Temperature Thermal and Mechanical Properties of High Tensile Carbon Single Filaments, Carbon, 34 (7). 923 - 929.
16. Wasan, V.P. (1979). Sag Method for the Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Carbon Fibers, Carbon, 17: 55 - 58.
17. Marciniak, W. and Rozploch, F. (1979). Measurement of the Radial Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Carbon Fibers, High Temperatures-High Pressures, 11: 709 - 710.
18. Rozploch, F. and Marciniak, W. (1986). Radial Thermal Expansion of Carbon Fibers, High Temperatures-High Pressures, 18: 585 - 587.
19. Ochoa, O.O. (2003). Thermophysical ESEM & TEM Characterization of Carbon Fibers: CTE, Spectroscopy and Roughness Studies at High Temperatures, Project Report, NASA Grant NAG 8-1802.
20. Sheaffer, P.M. (1987). Transverse Thermal Expansion of Carbon Fibers, In: Extended Abstracts of 18th Biennial Carbon Conference, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, pp. 20 - 21.
21. http://www.hexcelfibers.com/NR/rdonlyres/ elqq2u6rghe6b7w5nxhyhzkrrww7akw aebzyte6ugsezipr3v4icmkpdt4yszkriily35ctdialprnrpg2lw3tqhq5d/Magnamite_IM7_5000. pdf accessed July '03.
22. www.toray.co.jp/english/technology/html/tee_a032.html accessed July '03.
23. Veize, D.L. and Adams, W.W. (1990). High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy of PAN-Based and Pitch-Based Carbon Fibre, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 9: 883 - 887.
24. Lide, D.R. (1997-98). Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals, In: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th edn, pp. 12-191 - 12-192, CRC Press, New York.
25. www.tamu.edu/mic/instruments.html #leo accessed January '04.
26. Guigon, M., Oberlin, A. and Desarmot, G. (1984). Microtexture and Structure of Some High Tensile Strength, PAN-Base Carbon Fibers, Fibre Science and Technology, 20 (1). 55 - 72.
27. Bennett, S.C. and Johnson, D.J. (1979). Electron-Microscope Studies of Structural Heterogeneity in PAN-Based Carbon Fibres, Carbon, 17: 25 - 39.
28. Huang, Y. and Young, R.J. (1995). Effect of Fiber Microstructure upon the Modulus of Pan- and Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers, Carbon, 33 (2). 97 - 107.
29. Young, R.J., Lu, D., Day, R.J., Knoff, W.F. and Davis, H.A. (1992). Relationship between Structure and Mechanical Properties for Aramid Fibers, Journal of Materials Science, 27 (20). 5431 - 5440.
30. Bourrat, X., Roche, E.J. and Lavin, J.G. (1990). Structure of Mesophase Pitch Fibers, Carbon, 28 (2/3). 435 - 446.
31. Luo, Z.P., Sue, J., Ochoa, O. and Holzenburg, A. (2002). Cross-Sectional Examination of Crystallinity of Carbon Fibers by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 8 (S02). 1254 - 1255.
32. Tandon, G.P. and Kim, R.Y. (Jan 2004). Personal Communication, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH.
33. Guigon, M., Oberlin, A. and Desarmot, G. (1984). Microtexture and Structure of Some High-Modulus PAN-Based Carbon Fibres, Fibre Science and Technology, 20 (3). 177 - 198.
34. Rosen, B.W. and Hashin, Z. (1970). Effective Thermal Expansion Coefficients and Specific Heats of Composite Materials, International Journal of Engineering Science, 8 (2). 157 - 173.
35. Avery, W.B. and Herakovich, C.T. (1986). Effect of Fiber Anisotropy on Thermal Stresses in Fibrous Composites, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 53 (4). 751 - 756.
36. Bohm, H.J. (1998). A Short Introduction to Basic Aspects of Continuum Micromechanics, CDL-FMD Report, hjb/ILFB040623.
37. http://www.cytec.com/business/EngineeredMaterials/Datasheets/ CYCOM%20977-2.pdf accessed May '03.
38. Kulkarni, R.S. (2004). Characterization of Carbon Fibers: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Microstructure, MS Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A & M University, TX.
39. Kim, R.Y. and Rice, B.P. (2002). Microcracking in Composite Laminates Under Thermal Environments: 150 to 196 C, In: Proceedings of the Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering, Long Beach, CA, pp. 833 - 839.