메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 456-463

Ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) consumption, seizures, related offences, prices, dosage levels and deaths in the UK (1994-2003)

Author keywords

Ecstasy deaths; Ecstasy offenders; Ecstasy prevalence of use; Ecstasy price; Ecstasy seizures; MDMA

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLAMINO 1 (3 4 METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL)BUTANE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; N ETHYL 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 33645730370     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: 14617285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0269881106060147     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 33645728449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug seizure and offender statistics, United Kingdom, 2001 and 2002
    • Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • Ahmad M, Mwenda L (2004) Drug seizure and offender statistics, United Kingdom, 2001 and 2002. In Statistical Bulletin 8/04. Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • (2004) Statistical Bulletin 8/04
    • Ahmad, M.1    Mwenda, L.2
  • 3
    • 0346158387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of an international nightlife resort in the proliferation of recreational drugs
    • Bellis M A, Hughes K, Bennett A, Thomson R (2003) The role of an international nightlife resort in the proliferation of recreational drugs. Addiction 98: 1713-1721
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 1713-1721
    • Bellis, M.A.1    Hughes, K.2    Bennett, A.3    Thomson, R.4
  • 5
    • 0038049864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sizing the UK market for illicit drugs
    • Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • Bramley-Harker E (2001) Sizing the UK market for illicit drugs. RDS Occasional Paper No 74. Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • (2001) RDS Occasional Paper No 74
    • Bramley-Harker, E.1
  • 6
    • 0043028595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine ('Ecstasy') abuse
    • Budisavljevic M N, Stewart L, Sahn S A, Ploth D W (2003) Hyponatremia associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine ('Ecstasy') abuse. Am J Med Sci 326: 89-93
    • (2003) Am J Med Sci , vol.326 , pp. 89-93
    • Budisavljevic, M.N.1    Stewart, L.2    Sahn, S.A.3    Ploth, D.W.4
  • 7
    • 0032159354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-related Mortality: Methods and Trends
    • Autumn 1998. Office for National Statistics, London
    • Christophersen O, Rooney C, Kelly S (1998) Drug-related Mortality: Methods and Trends. Population Trends No 93, Autumn 1998. Office for National Statistics, London
    • (1998) Population Trends No 93
    • Christophersen, O.1    Rooney, C.2    Kelly, S.3
  • 8
    • 0036913518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The content of ecstasy tablets: Implications for the study of their long-term effects
    • Cole J C, Bailey M, Sumnall H R, Wagstaff G F, King L A (2002) The content of ecstasy tablets: implications for the study of their long-term effects. Addiction 97: 1531-1536
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1531-1536
    • Cole, J.C.1    Bailey, M.2    Sumnall, H.R.3    Wagstaff, G.F.4    King, L.A.5
  • 9
    • 0942268714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with Ecstasy use in Turkish students
    • Corapcioglu A, Ogel K (2004) Factors associated with Ecstasy use in Turkish students. Addiction 99: 67-76
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , pp. 67-76
    • Corapcioglu, A.1    Ogel, K.2
  • 10
    • 0346999394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug seizure and offender statistics, United Kingdom, 2000
    • Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • Corkery J M (2002) Drug seizure and offender statistics, United Kingdom, 2000, Home Office Statistical Bulletin 4/02. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • (2002) Home Office Statistical Bulletin 4/02
    • Corkery, J.M.1
  • 12
    • 28644441585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; EMCDDA (2004) The state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
    • (2004) The State of the Drugs Problem in the European Union and Norway
  • 14
    • 0036183351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and its metabolites on neurohypophysial hormone release from the isolated rat hypothalamus
    • Forsling M L, Fallon J K, Shah D, Tilbrook G S, Cowan D A, Kicman A T, Hutt A J (2002) The effect of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and its metabolites on neurohypophysial hormone release from the isolated rat hypothalamus. Br J Pharmacol 135: 649-656
    • (2002) Br J Pharmacol , vol.135 , pp. 649-656
    • Forsling, M.L.1    Fallon, J.K.2    Shah, D.3    Tilbrook, G.S.4    Cowan, D.A.5    Kicman, A.T.6    Hutt, A.J.7
  • 15
    • 33645741433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues 103-113 (Old Series) and Issues 1-27 (New Series). Drugs Intelligence Unit, Forensic Science Service, Birmingham
    • Forensic Science Service (2003) Drug Abuse Trends, publication 1994-2003. Issues 103-113 (Old Series) and Issues 1-27 (New Series). Drugs Intelligence Unit, Forensic Science Service, Birmingham
    • (2003) Drug Abuse Trends, Publication 1994-2003
  • 16
    • 33645733803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-related deaths as reported by participating Procurators Fiscal and coroners in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey
    • International Centre for Drug Policy, St George's Hospital Medical School, London
    • Ghodse A H, Schifano F, Oyefeso A, Bannister D, Cobain K, Dryden R, Corkery J (2004) Drug-related deaths as reported by participating Procurators Fiscal and coroners in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey. Annual report 2004 and Surveillance Report No. 13. International Centre for Drug Policy, St George's Hospital Medical School, London
    • (2004) Annual Report 2004 and Surveillance Report No. 13
    • Ghodse, A.H.1    Schifano, F.2    Oyefeso, A.3    Bannister, D.4    Cobain, K.5    Dryden, R.6    Corkery, J.7
  • 17
    • 0036965857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2D6 deficiency, a factor in ecstasy related deaths?
    • Gilhooly T C, Daly A K (2002) CYP2D6 deficiency, a factor in ecstasy related deaths? Br J Clin Pharmacol 54: 69-70
    • (2002) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 69-70
    • Gilhooly, T.C.1    Daly, A.K.2
  • 18
    • 16544365079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths related to drug poisoning: England and Wales, 1998-2002
    • Griffiths C (2004) Deaths related to drug poisoning: England and Wales, 1998-2002. Hlth Stat Quart 21: 59-66
    • (2004) Hlth Stat Quart , vol.21 , pp. 59-66
    • Griffiths, C.1
  • 19
    • 0029846521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in plasma and urine by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS
    • Helmlin H J, Bracher K, Bourquin D, Vonlanthen D, Brenneisen R (1996) Analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in plasma and urine by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 20: 432-440
    • (1996) J Anal Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 432-440
    • Helmlin, H.J.1    Bracher, K.2    Bourquin, D.3    Vonlanthen, D.4    Brenneisen, R.5
  • 20
    • 0026680529 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy')
    • Henry J A, Jefferys K J, Dawling S (1992) Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy'). Lancet 340: 384-387
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 384-387
    • Henry, J.A.1    Jefferys, K.J.2    Dawling, S.3
  • 23
    • 0036324580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA: A review of epidemiological data
    • Landry M J (2002) MDMA: a review of epidemiological data. J Psychoactive Drugs 34: 163-169
    • (2002) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.34 , pp. 163-169
    • Landry, M.J.1
  • 25
    • 0142068292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Criminal Intelligence Service, London
    • National Crime Intelligence Service (2002) Streetwise publication 1994-2002. National Criminal Intelligence Service, London
    • (2002) Streetwise Publication 1994-2002
  • 26
    • 0031059830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatraemia and death after 'ecstasy' ingestion
    • Parr M J, Low H M, Botterill P (1997) Hyponatraemia and death after 'ecstasy' ingestion. Med J Aust 166: 136-137
    • (1997) Med J Aust , vol.166 , pp. 136-137
    • Parr, M.J.1    Low, H.M.2    Botterill, P.3
  • 27
    • 0035669358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human psychopharmacology of Ecstasy (MDMA): A review of 15 years of empirical research
    • Parrott A C (2001) Human psychopharmacology of Ecstasy (MDMA): a review of 15 years of empirical research. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 16: 557-577
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp , vol.16 , pp. 557-577
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 28
    • 0036119214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotinin syndrome, and serotinergic neurotoxicity
    • Parrot A C (2002) Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotinin syndrome, and serotinergic neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 71: 837-844
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.71 , pp. 837-844
    • Parrot, A.C.1
  • 29
    • 2542619028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity
    • Parrott A C (2004) Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity. Psychopharmacology 173: 234-241
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 234-241
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 30
    • 0842282692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shedding new light on the 'safe' club drug: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy)-related fatalities
    • Patel M M, Wright D W, Ratcliff J J, Miller M A (2004) Shedding new light on the 'safe' club drug: methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy)-related fatalities. Acad Emerg Med 11: 208-210
    • (2004) Acad Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 208-210
    • Patel, M.M.1    Wright, D.W.2    Ratcliff, J.J.3    Miller, M.A.4
  • 31
    • 0037096036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy') metabolism with cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors and pharmacogenetic variants in vitro
    • Ramamoorthy Y, Yu A M, Suh N, Haining R L, Tyndale R F, Sellers E M (2002) Reduced (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy') metabolism with cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors and pharmacogenetic variants in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 63: 2111-2119
    • (2002) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 2111-2119
    • Ramamoorthy, Y.1    Yu, A.M.2    Suh, N.3    Haining, R.L.4    Tyndale, R.F.5    Sellers, E.M.6
  • 32
    • 0003453889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug misuse declared in 2000: Results from the British Crime Survey
    • Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • Ramsay M, Baker P, Goulden C, Sharp C, Sondhi A (2001) Drug misuse declared in 2000: results from the British Crime Survey. Home Office Research Study 224. Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate, London
    • (2001) Home Office Research Study , vol.224
    • Ramsay, M.1    Baker, P.2    Goulden, C.3    Sharp, C.4    Sondhi, A.5
  • 33
    • 3142666936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of patients attended in an emergency department due to ecstasy consumption
    • Barc
    • Sanjurjo E, Nogue S, Miro O, Munne P (2004) Analysis of patients attended in an emergency department due to ecstasy consumption. Med Clin (Barc) 123: 90-92
    • (2004) Med Clin , vol.123 , pp. 90-92
    • Sanjurjo, E.1    Nogue, S.2    Miro, O.3    Munne, P.4
  • 34
    • 0033921470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential human neurotoxicity of MDMA ('Ecstasy'): Subjective self-reports, evidence from an Italian drug addiction centre and clinical case studies
    • Schifano F (2000) Potential human neurotoxicity of MDMA ('Ecstasy'): subjective self-reports, evidence from an Italian drug addiction centre and clinical case studies. Neuropsychobiology 42: 25-33
    • (2000) Neuropsychobiology , vol.42 , pp. 25-33
    • Schifano, F.1
  • 35
    • 0034881699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New trends in drug addiction: Synthetic drugs; epidemiological, clinical and preventative issues
    • Schifano F (2001) New trends in drug addiction: synthetic drugs; epidemiological, clinical and preventative issues. Epidemiol Psich Soc 10: 63-70
    • (2001) Epidemiol Psich Soc , vol.10 , pp. 63-70
    • Schifano, F.1
  • 36
    • 2542629618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bitter pill? Overview of ecstasy (MDMA: MDA) related fatalities
    • Berl
    • Schifano F (2004) A bitter pill? Overview of ecstasy (MDMA: MDA) related fatalities. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 173: 242-248
    • (2004) Psychopharmacol , vol.173 , pp. 242-248
    • Schifano, F.1
  • 37
  • 40
    • 5444220550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behavioural economic analysis of alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy purchases by polysubstance misusers
    • Sumnall H R, Tyler E, Wagstaff G F, Cole J C (2004) A behavioural economic analysis of alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy purchases by polysubstance misusers. Drug Alcohol Depend 76: 93-99
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.76 , pp. 93-99
    • Sumnall, H.R.1    Tyler, E.2    Wagstaff, G.F.3    Cole, J.C.4
  • 41
    • 0346055149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adapting the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) to examine the feasibility of monitoring trends in the markets for 'party drugs'
    • Topp L, Breen C, Kaye S, Darke S (2004) Adapting the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) to examine the feasibility of monitoring trends in the markets for 'party drugs'. Drug Alcohol Depend 73: 189-197
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.73 , pp. 189-197
    • Topp, L.1    Breen, C.2    Kaye, S.3    Darke, S.4
  • 43
    • 17144434475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy use in New Zealand: Findings from the 1998 and 2001 National Drug Surveys
    • Wilkins C, Bhatta K, Pledger M, Casswell S (2003) Ecstasy use in New Zealand: findings from the 1998 and 2001 National Drug Surveys. N Z Med J 116: U383
    • (2003) N Z Med J , vol.116
    • Wilkins, C.1    Bhatta, K.2    Pledger, M.3    Casswell, S.4
  • 44
    • 1442359521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking ecstasy trends in the United States with data from three national drug surveillance systems
    • Yacoubian G S Jr (2003) Tracking ecstasy trends in the United States with data from three national drug surveillance systems. J Drug Ed 33: 245-258
    • (2003) J Drug Ed , vol.33 , pp. 245-258
    • Yacoubian Jr., G.S.1
  • 45
    • 0035987204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated methylation metabolism of endogenous bioactive catechols and modulation by endobiotics and xenobiotics: Importance in pathophysiology and pathogenesis
    • Zhu B T (2002) Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated methylation metabolism of endogenous bioactive catechols and modulation by endobiotics and xenobiotics: importance in pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Curr Drug Metab 3: 321-349
    • (2002) Curr Drug Metab , vol.3 , pp. 321-349
    • Zhu, B.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.