How an antenna launches its input power into radiation: The pattern of the Poynting vector at and near an antenna

American Journal of Physics

Volumn 74, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 280-288

  Jackson, J D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645671471     PISSN: 00029505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1119/1.2063069     Document Type: Article

References (37)

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4. R. Bechmann, "On the calculation of radiation resistance of antennas and antenna combinations," Proc. IRE 19, 1471-1480 (1931).
5. H. C. Pocklington, "Electrical oscillations in wires," Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 9, 324-332 (1897).
6. Lord Rayleigh, "Electrical vibrations on a thin anchor-ring," Proc. R. Soc. London 87, 193-202 (1912).
7. R. W. P. King, The Theory of Linear Antennas (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1956),
8. L. V. King, "On the radiation field of a perfectly conducting base insulated cylindrical antenna over a perfectly conducting plane earth, and the calculation of radiation resistance and reactance," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 236, 381-422 (1937).
9. E. Hallén, "Theoretical investigations into transmitting and receiving antennae," Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Ups. [4] 4, 1 (1938).
10. See also E. Hallén, Electromagnetic Theory (Chapman & Hall, London, 1962).
11. S. A. Schelkunoff, "Theory of antennas of arbitrary size and shape," Proc. IRE 29, 493-521 (1941).
12. S. A. Schelkunoff, Electromagnetic Waves (Van Nostrand, New York, 1943).
13. J. A. Stratton and L. J. Chu, "Steady-state solutions of electromagnetic field problems: I. Forced oscillations of a cylindrical conductor," J. Appl. Phys. 12, 230-235 (1941).
14. J. A. Stratton and L. J. Chu, "Steady-state solutions of electromagnetic field problems: II. Forced oscillations of a conducting sphere," J. Appl. Phys. 12, 236-240 (1941).
15. J. A. Stratton and L. J. Chu, "Steady-state solutions of electromagnetic field problems: III. Forced oscillations of a prolate spheroid," J, Appl. Phys. 12, 241-248 (1941).
16. L. L. Bailin and S. Silver, "Exterior electromagnetic boundary value problems for spheres and cones," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 4, 5-16 (1956).
17. R. J. Irmer, "Spherical antennas of high gain," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 13, 827-828 (1965).
18. D. C. Chang, "Equivalent-circuit representation and characteristics of a radiating cylinder driven through a circumferential slot," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 21, 792-796 (1973) and references therein.
19. S. A. Saoudy and M. Hamid, "Input admittance of a biconical antenna with a wide feed gap," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 38, 1784-1790 (1990).
20. F. M. Landstorfer, "Wellenablösung von Stabantennen" ("Detachment of waves from a dipole antenna"), Nachri. Z. 23 273-328 (1970).
21. F. Landstorfer, H. Liska, H. Meinke, and B. Müller, "Energieströmung in elektromagnetischen Wellenfeldern" ("Energy flow in electromagnetic wave fields"), Nachri. Z. 25, 225-231 (1972).
22. F. M. Landstorfer, "A new and simple computing method for the nearfield of a diffracting screen," in URSI Symposium on Electromagnetic Wave Theory, Imperial College, London, 9-12 July 1974 (Inst. Elect. Eng., London, 1974), pp. 63-65.
23. F. M. Landstorfer, "Energy transport within the nearfield of gainoptimized antennas," in Proceedings URSI Symposium on Electromagnetic Wave Theory, Stanford University, June 20-24, 1977 (Stanford University, Stanford, 1977), pp. 259-261.
24. Reference 11, Sec. 11.9, pp. 471-476.
25. Reference 7, pp. 560-561.
26. J. D. Jackson. Classical Electrodynamics 3rd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1998), pp. 416-417.
27. Reference 7, Fig. 12.1, p. 564.
28. Reference 25, Fig. 9.8, p. 488.
29. A. Sommerfeld, Electrodynamics (Academic, New York, 1952), p. 130: In speaking of energy flow on a wire, in almost a quotation from Poynting (Ref. 1) he says "After entering (the wire) it flows radially toward the axis of the wire, being converted at the same time into heat. There is no energy flux parallel to the wire axis within the wire."
30. Reference 9, pp, 494-495.
31. Reference 7, pp. 112-115.
32. Reference 7, pp. 116-119.
33. Reference 25, Eq. (9.122), p. 431.
34. Reference 25, p. 439.
35. Reference 25, Sec. 8.1.
36. W. Magnus, F. Oberhettinger, and R. P. Soni, Formulas and Theorems for the Special Functions of Mathematical Physics (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1966), pp. 174-175.
37. This field is essentially flat for a small gap, with only a tiny upward curvature toward the edges. The actual field is singular at the edges (as distance away raised to the -1/3 power). For a very small gap the detailed dependence only influences the very high order multipoles, which are negligible for moderate values of ka.