Effects of human disturbance on use of space and flight distance of mountain gazelles

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 69, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1683-1690

  Manor, Regev ^a   Saltz, David ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Flight distance; Human impact; Mountain gazelle; Pellet group count; Space use pattern

Indexed keywords

AVOIDANCE REACTION; DISTURBANCE; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; HUMAN ACTIVITY; UNGULATE;

ASIA; EURASIA; ISRAEL; MIDDLE EAST;

GAZELLA; GAZELLA GAZELLA;

EID: 33645658345     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1683:EOHDOU]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. ALADOS, C. L., AND J. ESCOS. 1988. Alarm calls and flight behavior in Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Biology of Behaviour 13:11-21.
2. ANDERSEN, R., J. D. C. LINNELL, AND R. LANGVATN. 1996. Short term behavioral and physiological response of moose Alces alces to military disturbance in Norway. Biological Conservation 77:169-176.
3. BAHARAV, D. 1974. Notes on the population structure and biomass of the mountain gazelle, Gazella gazella gazella. Israel Journal of Zoology 23:39-44.
4. _. 1981. Food habits of the mountain gazelle in semi-arid habitats of eastern Galilee, Israel. Journal of Arid Environment 4:63-69.
5. _. 1983. Observation on the ecology of the mountain gazelle in the upper Galilee, Israel. Mammalia 47:59-69.
6. BEHREND, D. F., AND R. A. LUBECK. 1968. Summer flight behavior of white-tailed deer in two Adirondack forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:615-618.
7. COLE, E. K., M. D. POPE, AND R. G. ANTHONY. 1997. Effects of road management on movement and survival of Roosevelt elk. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:1115-1126.
8. COLLINS, W. B., AND P. J. URNESS. 1981. Habitat preferences of mule deer as rated by pellet-group distributions. Journal of Wildlife Management 45(4):969-972.
9. DORRANCE, M. J., P. J. SAVAGE, AND D. E. HUFF. 1975. Effects of snowmobiles on white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:563-569.
10. ETCHBERGER, R. C., P. R. KRAUSMAN, AND R. MAZAIKA. 1989. Mountain sheep habitat characteristics in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness, Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:902-907.
11. FORMAN, R. T. T. 1996. Designing landscapes and regions to conserve nature. Pages 331-332 in G. K. Meffe and C. R. Carroll, editors. Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
12. FREDDY, D. J., W. M. BRONAUGH, AND M. C. FOWLER. 1986. Responses of mule deer to disturbance by persons afoot and snowmobiles. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14:63-68.
13. GETRAIDA, S., AND A. PEREVOLOTSKY. 1990. The ecology and biology of the mountain gazelle (Gazella g. gazella) in Ramat Hanadiv. Research Report No. 5. Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel. [In Hebrew.]
14. HARESTAD, A. S., AND F. L. BUNNELL. 1987. Persistence of black-tailed deer fecal pellets in coastal habitats. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:33-37.
15. HOUSTON, A. I., J. M. MCNAMARA, AND J. M. C. HUTCHINSON. 1993. General results concerning the trade-off between gaining energy and avoiding predation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B, 341:375-397.
16. HUNTER, L. T. B., AND J. D. SKINNER. 1998. Vigilance behavior in African ungulates: the role of predation pressure. Behaviour 135:195-211.
17. KAPLAN, D., AND M. GUTMAN. 1989. Food composition of the mountain gazelle and cattle in the southern Golan, Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 36:154.
18. KILGO, J. C., AND R. F. LABISKY. 1997. Influence of forage quality on home range size of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Research 2:25-29.
19. LEHMKUHL, J. F., C. A. HANSEN, AND K. SLOAN. 1994. Elk pellet-group decomposition and detectability in coastal forests of Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:664-669.
20. LEOPOLD, B. D., P. R. KRAUSMAN, AND J. J. HERVERT. 1984. Comment: the pellet-group census technique as an indicator of relative habitat use. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:325-326.
21. LIMA, S. L. 1998a. Nonlethal effects in the ecology of predator-prey interactions. BioScience 48:25-34.
22. _. 1998b. Stress and decision-making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives. Advances in the Study of Behavior 27:215-290.
23. _, AND L. M. DILL. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:619-640.
24. _, AND P. A. BEDNEKOFF. 1999. Back to the basics of antipredatory vigilance: can nonvigilant animals detect attack? Animal Behavior 58:537-543.
25. MACARTHUR, R. A., V. GEIST, AND R. H. JOHNSTON. 1982. Cardiac and behavioral responses of mountain sheep to human disturbance. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:351-358.
26. MANOR, R., AND D. SALTZ. 2003. Impact of human nuisance disturbance on vigilance and group size of a social ungulate. Ecological Applications 13:1830-1834.
27. _, AND _. 2004. The impact of free-roaming dogs on gazelle kid/female ratio in a fragmented area. Biological Conservation 119(2):231-236.
28. MCLEAN, I. G. 1997. Conservation and the ontogeny of behavior. Pages 132-156 in J. R. Clemmons and R. Buchholz, editors. Behavioral approaches to conservation in the wild. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
29. MCLELLAN, B. N., AND D. M. SHACKLETON. 1988. Grizzly bears and resource-extraction industries: effects of roads on behaviour, habitat use and demography. Journal of Applied Ecology 25:451-460.
30. MCNAMARA, J. M., AND A. I. HOUSTON. 1987. Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology 68:1515-1519.
31. MENDELSSOHN, H. 1974. The development of the populations of gazelles in Israel and their behavioral adaptations. Pages 722-743 in V. Geist and F. Walther, editors. The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) new series, No. 24. Morges, Switzerland.
32. NEFF, D. J. 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census and distribution: a review. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:597-614.
33. NEUHAUS, P., AND B. MAININI. 1998. Reactions and adjustment of adult and young alpine marmots Marmota marmota to intense hiking activities. Wildlife Biology 4:119-123.
34. ROST, G. R., AND J. A. BAILEY. 1979. Distribution of mule deer and elk in relation to roads. Journal of Wildlife Management 43:634-641.
35. ROWE-ROWE, D. T. 1974. Flight behavior and flight distances of blesbok. Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychol 34:208-211.
36. SUTHERLAND, W. J. 1996. From individual behavior to population ecology. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
37. SWENSON, J. E. 1982. Effects of hunting on habitat use by mule deer on mixed-grass prairie in Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin 10:115-120.
38. TYLER, N. J. C. 1991. Short-term behavioral responses of Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus to direct provocation by a snowmobile. Biological Conservation 56:179-194.
39. VOGEL, W. O. 1989. Response of deer to density and distribution of housing in Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17:406-413.
40. WALTHER, F. R. 1969. Flight behavior and avoidance of predators in Thomson's gazelle. Behaviour 34:184-221.
41. YDENBERG, R.C., AND L. M. DILL. 1986. The economics of fleeing from predators. Advances in the Study of Behavior 16:229-249.
42. YOM-TOV, Y., AND H. MENDELSSOHN. 1988. Changes of the distribution and abundance of vertebrates during the 20th century in Israel. Pages 515-522 in Y. Yom-Tov and E. Tchernov, editors. The zoogeography of Israel. Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, Netherlands.