메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 305-318

Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables

Author keywords

Externalizing problems; Monitoring; Parenting; Self disclosure

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF DISCLOSURE;

EID: 33645657503     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.305     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (328)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0000154623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental approaches to adolescent deviance
    • S. Luthar, J. A. Burrack, C. Cicchetti, & J. Weisz (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Allen, J. P., Moore, C., & Kuperminc, G. P. (1997). Developmental approaches to adolescent deviance. In S. Luthar, J. A. Burrack, C. Cicchetti, & J. Weisz (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on risk and disorder (pp. 548-567). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1997) Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Risk and Disorder , pp. 548-567
    • Allen, J.P.1    Moore, C.2    Kuperminc, G.P.3
  • 2
    • 2142680547 scopus 로고
    • Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link
    • Baerveldt, C. (1992). Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 8, 79-94.
    • (1992) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.8 , pp. 79-94
    • Baerveldt, C.1
  • 4
    • 0002970071 scopus 로고
    • Family, personality, and adolescent problem behaviors
    • Barber, B. K. (1992). Family, personality, and adolescent problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 54, 69-79.
    • (1992) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.54 , pp. 69-79
    • Barber, B.K.1
  • 5
    • 0030342538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct
    • Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296-3319.
    • (1996) Child Development , vol.67 , pp. 3296-3319
    • Barber, B.K.1
  • 7
    • 0028489272 scopus 로고
    • Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors
    • Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child Development, 65, 1120-1136.
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 1120-1136
    • Barber, B.K.1    Olsen, J.E.2    Shagle, S.C.3
  • 8
    • 0025397298 scopus 로고
    • Comparative fit indexes in structural models
    • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 238-246
    • Bentler, P.M.1
  • 9
    • 0034344351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and variability of adolescents' affiliation with delinquent friends: Predictors and consequences
    • Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W. M. (2000). Stability and variability of adolescents' affiliation with delinquent friends: Predictors and consequences. Social Development, 9, 205-225.
    • (2000) Social Development , vol.9 , pp. 205-225
    • Brendgen, M.1    Vitaro, F.2    Bukowski, W.M.3
  • 10
    • 0027583564 scopus 로고
    • Parenting practices and peer group affiliation in adolescence
    • Brown, B. B., Mounts, N., Lamborn, S. D., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting practices and peer group affiliation in adolescence. Child Development, 64, 467-482.
    • (1993) Child Development , vol.64 , pp. 467-482
    • Brown, B.B.1    Mounts, N.2    Lamborn, S.D.3    Steinberg, L.4
  • 13
    • 84935666305 scopus 로고
    • Parenting styles and substance use during childhood and adolescence
    • Coombs, R. H., & Landsverk, J. (1988). Parenting styles and substance use during childhood and adolescence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 50, 473-482.
    • (1988) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.50 , pp. 473-482
    • Coombs, R.H.1    Landsverk, J.2
  • 15
    • 0032619036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditions underlying parents' knowledge about children's daily lives in middle childhood: Between- And within-family comparisons
    • Crouter, A. C., Helms-Erikson, H., Updegraff, K., & McHale, S. M. (1999). Conditions underlying parents' knowledge about children's daily lives in middle childhood: Between- and within-family comparisons. Child Development, 70, 246-259.
    • (1999) Child Development , vol.70 , pp. 246-259
    • Crouter, A.C.1    Helms-Erikson, H.2    Updegraff, K.3    McHale, S.M.4
  • 16
    • 84974325891 scopus 로고
    • Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use: Developmental processes in peer relations and psychopathology
    • Dishion, T. J., Capaldi, D., Spracklen, K. M., & Li, F. (1995). Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use: Developmental processes in peer relations and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 803-824.
    • (1995) Development and Psychopathology , vol.7 , pp. 803-824
    • Dishion, T.J.1    Capaldi, D.2    Spracklen, K.M.3    Li, F.4
  • 17
    • 0032009090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation
    • Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 61-75.
    • (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 61-75
    • Dishion, T.J.1    McMahon, R.J.2
  • 18
    • 1642270363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenting practices as moderators of the relationship between peers and adolescent marijuana use
    • Dorius, C. J., Bahr, S. J., Hoffmann, J. P., & Harmon, E. L. (2004). Parenting practices as moderators of the relationship between peers and adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 163-178.
    • (2004) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.66 , pp. 163-178
    • Dorius, C.J.1    Bahr, S.J.2    Hoffmann, J.P.3    Harmon, E.L.4
  • 20
    • 0002073469 scopus 로고
    • Parental monitoring and peer influences on adolescent substance use
    • J. McCord (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Fletcher, A. C., Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1995). Parental monitoring and peer influences on adolescent substance use. In J. McCord (Ed.), Coercion and punishment in long-termperspectives (pp. 259-271). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1995) Coercion and Punishment in Long-termperspectives , pp. 259-271
    • Fletcher, A.C.1    Darling, N.2    Steinberg, L.3
  • 21
    • 4043085612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental influences on adolescent problem behavior: Revisiting Stattin and Kerr
    • Fletcher, A. C., Steinberg, L., & Williams-Wheeler, M. (2004). Parental influences on adolescent problem behavior: Revisiting Stattin and Kerr. Child Development, 75, 781-796.
    • (2004) Child Development , vol.75 , pp. 781-796
    • Fletcher, A.C.1    Steinberg, L.2    Williams-Wheeler, M.3
  • 22
    • 0004376478 scopus 로고
    • A general theory of adolescent problem behaviors: Problems and prospects
    • R. D. Ketterlinus & M. E. Lamb (Eds.). New York: Erlbaum
    • Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1994). A general theory of adolescent problem behaviors: Problems and prospects. In R. D. Ketterlinus & M. E. Lamb (Eds.). Adolescent problem behaviors: Issues and research (pp. 41-57). New York: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Adolescent Problem Behaviors: Issues and Research , pp. 41-57
    • Gottfredson, M.R.1    Hirschi, T.2
  • 23
    • 0033176964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct
    • Gray, M. R., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 574-587.
    • (1999) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.61 , pp. 574-587
    • Gray, M.R.1    Steinberg, L.2
  • 25
    • 0001020426 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests: A progress report
    • Hambleton, R. K. (1994). Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests: A progress report. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 10, 229-244.
    • (1994) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.10 , pp. 229-244
    • Hambleton, R.K.1
  • 26
    • 11144243179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental monitoring behaviors: A model of rules, supervision, and conflict
    • Hayes, L., Hudson, A., & Matthews, J. (2004). Parental monitoring behaviors: A model of rules, supervision, and conflict. Behavior Therapy, 35, 587-604.
    • (2004) Behavior Therapy , vol.35 , pp. 587-604
    • Hayes, L.1    Hudson, A.2    Matthews, J.3
  • 27
    • 22644450411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just like normal: A social network study of the relation between petty crime and the intimacy of adolescent friendships
    • Houtzager, B., & Baerveldt, C. (1999). Just like normal: A social network study of the relation between petty crime and the intimacy of adolescent friendships. Social Behavior and Personality, 27, 177-192.
    • (1999) Social Behavior and Personality , vol.27 , pp. 177-192
    • Houtzager, B.1    Baerveldt, C.2
  • 28
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 31
    • 0034181865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring
    • Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366-380.
    • (2000) Developmental Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 366-380
    • Kerr, M.1    Stattin, H.2
  • 33
    • 0033195780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations among family relationships, antisocial peers, and adolescents' externalizing behaviors: Gender and family type differences
    • Kim, J. E., Hetherington, E. M., & Reiss, D. (1999). Associations among family relationships, antisocial peers, and adolescents' externalizing behaviors: Gender and family type differences. Child Development, 70, 1209-1230.
    • (1999) Child Development , vol.70 , pp. 1209-1230
    • Kim, J.E.1    Hetherington, E.M.2    Reiss, D.3
  • 34
    • 4344709520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique influence of mothers and fathers on their children's antisocial behavior
    • Kosterman, R., Haggerty, K. P., Spoth, R., & Redmond, C. (2004). Unique influence of mothers and fathers on their children's antisocial behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 762-778.
    • (2004) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.66 , pp. 762-778
    • Kosterman, R.1    Haggerty, K.P.2    Spoth, R.3    Redmond, C.4
  • 35
    • 0141765743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents' monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents' delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences
    • Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2003). Parents' monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents' delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 74, 752-768.
    • (2003) Child Development , vol.74 , pp. 752-768
    • Laird, R.D.1    Pettit, G.S.2    Bates, J.E.3    Dodge, K.A.4
  • 36
    • 0041570007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in parents' monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior
    • Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2003). Change in parents' monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior. Social Development, 12, 401-419.
    • (2003) Social Development , vol.12 , pp. 401-419
    • Laird, R.D.1    Pettit, G.S.2    Dodge, K.A.3    Bates, J.E.4
  • 37
    • 0032221781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is more ever too much? the number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis
    • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Balla, J. R., & Grayson, D. (1998). Is more ever too much? The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33, 181-220.
    • (1998) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.33 , pp. 181-220
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Hau, K.T.2    Balla, J.R.3    Grayson, D.4
  • 38
    • 0030553706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental behaviors and adolescent academic performance: A longitudinal analysis
    • Melby, J. N., & Conger, R. D. (1996). Parental behaviors and adolescent academic performance: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6, 113-137.
    • (1996) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.6 , pp. 113-137
    • Melby, J.N.1    Conger, R.D.2
  • 39
    • 0027673750 scopus 로고
    • Adolescence-limited and life-course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy
    • Moffit, T. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
    • (1993) Psychological Review , vol.100 , pp. 674-701
    • Moffit, T.1
  • 40
    • 0035582176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young adolescents' perceptions of parental management of peer relationships
    • Mounts, N. S. (2001). Young adolescents' perceptions of parental management of peer relationships. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 92-122.
    • (2001) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.21 , pp. 92-122
    • Mounts, N.S.1
  • 41
    • 0036010420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental management of adolescent peer relationships in context: The role of parenting style
    • Mounts, N. S. (2002). Parental management of adolescent peer relationships in context: The role of parenting style. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 58-69.
    • (2002) Journal of Family Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 58-69
    • Mounts, N.S.1
  • 44
    • 84984346139 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of families and peers to delinquency
    • Patterson, G. R., & Dishion, T. J. (1985). Contributions of families and peers to delinquency. Criminology, 23, 63-79.
    • (1985) Criminology , vol.23 , pp. 63-79
    • Patterson, G.R.1    Dishion, T.J.2
  • 45
    • 0021471158 scopus 로고
    • The correlation of family management practices and delinquency
    • Patterson, G. R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1984). The correlation of family management practices and delinquency. Child Development, 55, 1299-1307.
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 1299-1307
    • Patterson, G.R.1    Stouthamer-Loeber, M.2
  • 46
    • 0035287208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence
    • Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates.T. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72, 583-598.
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 583-598
    • Pettit, G.S.1    Laird, R.D.2    Dodge, K.A.3    Bates, T.E.4    Criss, M.M.5
  • 47
    • 0242287088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological control during early adolescence: Links to adjustment in differing parent/adolescent dyads
    • Rogers, K. N., Buchanan, C. M., & Winchell, M. E. (2003). Psychological control during early adolescence: Links to adjustment in differing parent/adolescent dyads. Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 349-383.
    • (2003) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.23 , pp. 349-383
    • Rogers, K.N.1    Buchanan, C.M.2    Winchell, M.E.3
  • 48
    • 0003217529 scopus 로고
    • Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis
    • A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variable analysis: Applications in developmental research (pp. 399-419). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Latent Variable Analysis: Applications in Developmental Research , pp. 399-419
    • Satorra, A.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 49
    • 0035543521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis
    • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507-514.
    • (1999) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 507-514
    • Satorra, A.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 50
    • 4544322670 scopus 로고
    • Children's reports of parental behavior: An inventory
    • Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children's reports of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development, 36, 413-424.
    • (1965) Child Development , vol.36 , pp. 413-424
    • Schaefer, E.S.1
  • 51
    • 0022048749 scopus 로고
    • Assessing child-rearing behaviors: A comparison of ratings made by mother, father, child, and sibling on the CRPBI
    • Schwartz, J. C., Barton-Henry, M. L., & Pruzinsky, T. (1985). Assessing child-rearing behaviors: A comparison of ratings made by mother, father, child, and sibling on the CRPBI. Child Development, 56, 462-479.
    • (1985) Child Development , vol.56 , pp. 462-479
    • Schwartz, J.C.1    Barton-Henry, M.L.2    Pruzinsky, T.3
  • 52
    • 0043072970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovative approaches and methods to the study of children's conduct problems
    • Shaw, D. S. (2003). Innovative approaches and methods to the study of children's conduct problems. Social Development, 12, 309-313.
    • (2003) Social Development , vol.12 , pp. 309-313
    • Shaw, D.S.1
  • 53
    • 0027429734 scopus 로고
    • Developmental theories of parental contributors to antisocial behavior
    • Shaw, D. S., & Bell, R. Q. (1993). Developmental theories of parental contributors to antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 493-518.
    • (1993) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 493-518
    • Shaw, D.S.1    Bell, R.Q.2
  • 54
    • 0036016734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family processes and problem behaviors in middle-class African American adolescents
    • Smetana, J. G., Crean, H. F., & Daddis, C. (2002). Family processes and problem behaviors in middle-class African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 275-304.
    • (2002) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.12 , pp. 275-304
    • Smetana, J.G.1    Crean, H.F.2    Daddis, C.3
  • 55
    • 0002108054 scopus 로고
    • Family interaction and delinquent behavior
    • H. C. Quay (Ed.). New York: Wiley
    • Snyder, J., & Patterson, G. R. (1987). Family interaction and delinquent behavior. In H. C. Quay (Ed.), Handbook of juvenile delinquency (pp. 216-243). New York: Wiley.
    • (1987) Handbook of Juvenile Delinquency , pp. 216-243
    • Snyder, J.1    Patterson, G.R.2
  • 56
    • 27644508158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergenerational transmission of perfectionism: Parents' psychological control as an intervening variable
    • Soenens, B., Elliot, A. J., Goossens, L., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., & Duriez, B. (2005). The intergenerational transmission of perfectionism: Parents' psychological control as an intervening variable. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 358-366.
    • (2005) Journal of Family Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 358-366
    • Soenens, B.1    Elliot, A.J.2    Goossens, L.3    Vansteenkiste, M.4    Luyten, P.5    Duriez, B.6
  • 57
    • 10144234797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment
    • Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487-498.
    • (2005) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.38 , pp. 487-498
    • Soenens, B.1    Vansteenkiste, M.2    Luyten, P.3    Duriez, B.4    Goossens, L.5
  • 59
    • 0034230465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation
    • Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71, 1072-1085.
    • (2000) Child Development , vol.71 , pp. 1072-1085
    • Stattin, H.1    Kerr, M.2
  • 61
    • 0027763525 scopus 로고
    • Relation of parental support and control to adolescents' externalizing symptomatology and substance-use: A longitudinal examination of curvilinear effects
    • Stice, E., Barrera, M., & Chassin, L. (1993). Relation of parental support and control to adolescents' externalizing symptomatology and substance-use: A longitudinal examination of curvilinear effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 609-629.
    • (1993) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 609-629
    • Stice, E.1    Barrera, M.2    Chassin, L.3
  • 62
    • 2942557010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers' and fathers' knowledge of adolescents' daily activities: Its sources and its links with adolescent adjustment
    • Waizenhofer, R. N., Buchanan, C. M., & Jackson-Newsom, J. (2004). Mothers' and fathers' knowledge of adolescents' daily activities: Its sources and its links with adolescent adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 348-360.
    • (2004) Journal of Family Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 348-360
    • Waizenhofer, R.N.1    Buchanan, C.M.2    Jackson-Newsom, J.3
  • 63
    • 0035512387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in the effect of parenting on gang involvement and gang delinquency: A longitudinal, hierarchical linear modeling perspective
    • Walker-Barnes, C. J., & Mason, C. A. (2001). Ethnic differences in the effect of parenting on gang involvement and gang delinquency: A longitudinal, hierarchical linear modeling perspective. Child Development, 72, 1814-1831.
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 1814-1831
    • Walker-Barnes, C.J.1    Mason, C.A.2
  • 64
    • 4244130009 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of change in middle adolescent adjustment: The role of relationships with parents and peers
    • UMI No. DA92-18128
    • Weinmann, L. L. (1992). Patterns of change in middle adolescent adjustment: The role of relationships with parents and peers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53, 2565B-2566B. (UMI No. DA92-18128)
    • (1992) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.53
    • Weinmann, L.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.