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Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 277-301

The transfer of power hypothesis and the German Länder. In need of modification

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EID: 33645565168     PISSN: 00485950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/publius/pjj017     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (109)
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    • Arthur Benz, "Kein Ausweg aus der Politikverflechtung? Warum die Bundesstaatskommission scheiterte, aber nicht scheitern musste," Politische Vierteljahresschrift 46 (June 2005): 204-214;
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    • ed. Arthur B. Gunlicks (New York: Berghahn Books)
    • Franz Greß, "Länder Parliaments in the Federation: Some Remarks on the Division of Powers," German Public Policy and Federalism, ed. Arthur B. Gunlicks (New York: Berghahn Books, 2003), pp. 91-109;
    • (2003) German Public Policy and Federalism , pp. 91-109
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    • Also, from a comparative perspective, the relationship between federalism and parliamentarism seems not as straightforward and positive as many supporters of federalism may wish. In his seminal study Patterns of Democracy, Arend Lijphard found variables relating to federalism ("federalism- decentralization" and "bicameralism") to be hardly correlated with variables describing the role of party systems or the power of parliaments and governments. This clearly does not mean that the two dimensions of democracies contradict each other, but they at least seem fairly independent principles. See Arend Lijphard, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1999).
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    • note
    • The Basic Law knows a third category: exclusive legislation that gives the federation the right to legislate in areas such as foreign affairs, defense, and citizenship (articles 71 and 73). Länder can pass laws in these areas only if and insofar as they have explicitly been empowered to do so by the federation.
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    • Schneider Länderparlamentarismus. However, Roland Hahn shows that the Landtag in Baden-Wurttemberg succeeded in imposing its priorities in policies concerning higher education and the construction of hospitals; similarly Hartmut Klatt reports two cases where the Landtag from Baden-Wurttemberg refused to support decisions made by the government. See Hahn, Macht und Ohnmacht, pp. 56-74;
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    • Hahn, Macht und Ohnmacht, pp. 45-55. Hahn already sees the fact that paid study leave has been regulated by the Länder and not the federation as a success. In addition, the respective Land law was mostly shaped by proposals of the Land parliament, not the Land government.
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    • Bundesverfassungsgericht, 2 BvF 2/02, 27 July 2004 (Juniorprofessur), 10 July 2005 (Netscape version); Bundesverfassungsgericht, 2BvF 1/03, 26 January 2005 (Studiengebühren), 10 July 2005 (Netscape version).
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    • note
    • Even though in Berlin a formal inauguration is not required at the beginning of each term, every governing mayor was elected by the House of Representatives following popular elections.
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    • Länderparlamentarismus in deutschland - Eine bestandsaufnahme
    • ed. Siegfried Mielke and Werner Reutter (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften)
    • Siegfried Mielke and Werner Reutter, "Länderparlamentarismus in Deutschland - Eine Bestandsaufnahme," Länderparlamentarismus in Deutschland: Geschichte, Struktur, Funktionen, ed. Siegfried Mielke and Werner Reutter (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004), pp. 19-51;
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    • Mielke, S.1    Reutter, W.2
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    • for an overview of German Land constitutions, see also Gunlicks, Länder.
    • Länder
    • Gunlicks1
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    • Das abgeordnetenhaus von berlin: Ein stadtstaatenparlament im bundesstaat
    • ed. Siegfried Mielke and Werner Reutter (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften)
    • Werner Reutter, "Das Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin: Ein Stadtstaatenparlament im Bundesstaat," Länderparlamentarismus in Deutschland: Geschichte, Struktur, Funktionen, ed. Siegfried Mielke and Werner Reutter (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004), pp. 128-129.
    • (2004) Länderparlamentarismus in Deutschland: Geschichte, Struktur, Funktionen , pp. 128-129
    • Reutter, W.1
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    • note
    • The crucial role of parties in government formation and longevity already explains why Länder with almost identical constitutional regulations have very different outcomes. For example, Berlin had thirteen governing mayors and Bremen five; in consequence, the heads of governments stayed in power between 4.2 (Berlin) and 11.8 years (Bremen), which is quite surprising because the two city-states have almost identical constitutional regulationsin this respect. Procedural rules cannot explain the differences. The same is true for the fact that different constitutional stipulations produced very similar outcomes. For example, Baden-Wurttemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia can oust a prime minister only with a constructive vote of no confidence, whereas the Landtag of Hesse can bring down a government by a simple vote of no confidence. Yet, in all three Länder prime ministers lasted between 7.3 and 7.6 years.
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    • Party competition and the federal system: The lehmbruch hypothesis revisited
    • ed. Charlie Jeffery (London: Pinter)
    • Roland Sturm, "Party Competition and the Federal System: The Lehmbruch Hypothesis Revisited," Recasting German Federalism: The Legacies of Unification, ed. Charlie Jeffery (London: Pinter, 1999), pp. 197-216.
    • (1999) Recasting German Federalism: The Legacies of Unification , pp. 197-216
    • Sturm, R.1


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