Trace element and isotopic variations from Mt. Vulture to Campanian volcanoes: Constraints for slab detachment and mantle inflow beneath southern Italy

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

Volumn 151, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 331-351

  De Astis, Gian ^a   Kempton, P D ^b   Peccerillo, A ^c   Wu, T W ^d  

^a OSSERVATORIO VESUVIANO   (Italy)

^b NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MAFIC ROCK; TRACE ELEMENT; VOLCANO;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 33645560015     PISSN: 00107999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00410-006-0062-y     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Acocella V, Salvini F, Funiciello R, Faccenna C (1999) The role of transfer structures on volcanic activity at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91:123-139
2. Anzidei M, Baldi P, Casula G, Pondrelli S, Riguzzi F, Zanutta A (1997) Geodetic and seismological investigations in the Ionian Area. Ann Geofis 40:1007-1017
3. Ayuso RA, de Vivo B, Rolandi G, Seal RR, Paone A (1998) Geochemical and isotopic (Nd-Pb-Sr-O) variations bearing on the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 82:53-78
4. Beccaluva L, Bonatti E, Dupuy C, Ferrara G, Innocenti F, Lucchini F, Macera P, Petrini R, Rossi PL, Serri G, Seyler M, Siena F (1990) Geochemistry and mineralogy of volcanic rocks from ODP sites 650, 651, 655, and 654 in the Thyrrhenian Sea. In: Kastens KA, Mascle J et al (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Sci Results 107:49-74
5. Beccaluva L, Di Girolamo P, Serri G (1991) Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Roman volcanic province. Lithos 26:191-221
6. Beccaluva L, Siena F, Coltorti M, Di Grande A, Lo Giudice A, Macciotta G, Tassinari R, Vaccaro C (1998) Nephelinitic to tholeiitic magma generation from metasomatized lithospheric mantle in a transcurrent tectonic setting: An integrated petrogenetic model for the Iblean volcanism (Sicily). J Petrol 39:1547-1576
7. Beccaluva L, Coltorti M, Di Girolamo P, Melluso L, Milani L, Morra V, Siena F (2002) Petrogenesis and evolution of Mt. Vulture alkaline volcanism (Southern Italy). Miner Petrol 741:277-297
8. Belkin HE, Kilburn CRJ, De Vivo B (1993) Sampling and major element chemistry of the recent (A.D. 1631-1944) Vesuvius activity. J Volcanol Geoth Res 58:273-290
9. Bell K, Castorina F, Rosatelli G, Stoppa F (2003) Large scale, mantle plume activity below italy: Isotopic evidence and volcanic consequences. Geophys Res Abstracts 5:14217
10. Bianchini G, Clocchiatti R, Coltorti M, Joron JL, Vaccaro C (1998) Petrogenesis of mafic lavas from the northernmost sector of the Iblean district (Sicily). Eur J Mineral 10:301-315
11. Bigazzi G, Laurenzi MA, Principe C, Brocchini D (1996) New geochronological data on Igneous rocks and evaporites of the Pietre Nere point (Gargano peninsula, Southern Italy). Boll Soc Geol Ital 115:439-448
12. Brocchini D, La Volpe L, Laurenzi M.A., Principe C (1994) Storia evolutiva del Monte Vulture. Plinius 12:22-25
13. Brocchini D, Principe C, Castradori D, Laurenzi MA, Gorla L (2001) Quaternary evolution of the southern sector of the Campanian Plain and early Somma-Vesuvius activity: Insights from the Trecase 1 well. Miner Petrol 73:67-91
14. Bruno PP, Cippitelli G, Rapolla A (1998) Seismic study of the Mesozoic carbonate basement around Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 84:311-322
15. Carminati E, Wortel MRJ, Spakman W, Sabadini R (1998) The role of slab detachment processes in the opening of the western-central Mediterranean basins: Some geological and geophysical evidence. Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:651-665
16. Cassignol C, Gillot P (1982) Range and effectiveness of unspiked potassium-argon dating: Experimental ground work and application. In: Odin GS (ed) Numerical dating in stratigraphy. Wiley, New York, pp 160-179
17. Cecchetti A, Fulignati P, Marianelli P, Proto N, Sbrana (2001) The feeding system of Campi Flegrei. Insights from melt and fluid inclusions on Ignimbrite Campana, Solchiaro and Minopoli eruptions. GNV-INGV Assemblea 1° Anno. Abstracts pp 190-191
18. Cinque A, Civetta L, Orsi G, Peccerillo A (1988) Geology and geochemistry of the island of Ustica (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea). Rend SIMP 43:987-1002
19. Civetta L, Gallo G, Orsi G (1991) Sr- and Nd-isotope and trace-element constraints on the chemical evolution of the magmatic system of Ischia (Italy) in the last 55 Ka. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 46:213-230
20. Civetta L, D'Antonio M, Orsi G, Tilton GR (1998) The geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Pantelleria Island, Sicily Channel: Petrogenesis and characteristics of the mantle source region. J Petrol 39:1453-1491
21. Class C, Miller DM, Goldstein SL, Langmuir CH (2000) Distinguishing melt and fluid subduction components in Umnak volcanics, Aleutian Arc. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 1: DOI. 1999GC000010
22. Conticelli S (1998) The effect of crustal contamination on ultrapotassic magmas with lamproitic affinity: Mineralogical, geochemical and isotope data from the Torre Alfina lavas and xenoliths, Central Italy. Chem Geol 149:51-81
23. Conticelli S, Peccerillo A (1992) Petrology and geochemistry of potassic and ultrapotassic volcanism in central Italy: Petrogenesis and inferences on the evolution of the mantle source. Lithos 28:221-240
24. Conticelli S, D'Antonio M, Pinarelli L, Civetta L (2002) Source contamination and mantle heterogeneity in the genesis of Italian potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks: Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data from Roman Province and Southern Tuscany. Mineral Petrol 74:189-222
25. Cortini M, Hermes OD (1981) Sr isotopic evidence for a multi-source origin of the potassic magmas in the neapolitan area (S. Italy). Contrib Mineral Petrol 77:47-55
26. Cosentino D, Gliozzi E (1988) Considerazioni sulle velocità di sollevamento di depositi eutirreniani dell'Italia meridionale e della Sicilia. Atti del 74° Congresso della Soc Geol It:153-158
27. D'Antonio M, Di Girolamo P (1994) Petrological and geochemical study of mafic shoshonitic volcanics from Procida-Vivara and Ventotene Islands (Campanian region, South Italy). Acta Vulcanol 5:69-80
28. D'Antonio M, Tilton GR, Civetta L (1996) Petrogenesis of Italian alkaline lavas deduced from Pb-Sr-Nd isotope relationships. Earth processes: Reading the isotopic code. Geophys Monogr 95:253-267
29. D'Antonio M, Civetta L, Orsi G, Pappalardo L, Piochi M, Carandente A, de Vita S, Di Vito M, Isaia R (1999) The present state of the magmatic system of the Campi Flegrei caldera based on a reconstruction of its behavior in the past 12 ka. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91:247-268
30. Davidson JP (1996) Deciphering mantle and crustal signature in subduction zone magmatism. In: Bebout GE, Scholl DW, Kirby SH, Platt JP (eds) Subduction top to bottom. Geophys Monogr 96:251-262
31. De Astis G, Peccerillo A, Kempton PD, La Volpe L, Wu TW (2000) Transition from calcalkaline to potassium-rich magmatism in subduction environments: Geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic constraints from the Island of Vulcano (Aeolian Arc). Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:684-703
32. De Astis G, Kempton PD, Peccerillo A, Wu TW (2002) Intraplate vs. subduction related magmatism in southern Italy: Implications for mantle evolution and geodynamics. In: IAVCEI Congress "Explosive volcanism in subduction zones", Saint-Pierre, Martinique, France, 12-16 Maggio 2002 - Theme III: Genèse et evolution des magmas calco-alcalins. Resumeé Volume, 57
33. De Astis G, Piochi M, Pappalardo L (2004) Procida Volcanic History: New insights in the evolution of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Campania, Italy). Bull Volcanol 66:622-641
34. De Fino M, La Volpe L, Piccarreta G (1981) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleocene platform magmatism at Punta delle Pietre Nere (Southeastern Italy). N Jb Miner Abh 142(2):161-177
35. De Fino M, La Volpe L, Piccarreta G (1982) Magma evolution at Mount Vulture (Southern Italy). Bull Volcanol 45(2):115-126
36. De Fino M, La Volpe L, Peccerillo A, Piccarreta G, Poli G (1986) Petrogenesis of Mount Vulture volcano (Italy): Inferences from mineral chemistry, major and trace element data. Contrib Mineral Petrol 92:135-145
37. De Vivo B, Rolandi G, Gans PB, Calvert A, Bohrson WA, Spera FJ, Belkin HE (2001) New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy). Mineral Petrol 73:47-65
38. 39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Campanian Region, Italy. IGC Kyoto, Japan, 24 August-3 September, Abstracts vol 3, p 633
39. Del Moro A, Fulignati P, Marianelli P, Sbrana A (2001) Magma contamination by direct wall rock interaction, constraints from xenoliths from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944 eruption). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 112:15-24
40. Di Girolamo P, Ghiara MR, Lirer L, Munno R, Rolandi G, Stanzione D, (1984) Vulcanologia e Petrologia dei Campi Flegrei. Boll Soc Geol Ital 103:349-413
41. Doglioni C, Harabaglia P, Martinelli G, Mongelli F, Zito G, (1996) A geodynamic model of the Southern Apennines accretionary prism. Terra Nova 8:540-547
42. Downes H, Kostoula T, Jones AP, Beard AD, Thirlwall MF, Bodinier JL (2002) Geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths from the Monte Vulture carbonatite-melilitite volcano, central southern Italy. Contrib Mineral Petrol 144:78-92
43. Ellam RM, Hawkesworth CJ, Menzies MA, Rogers W (1989) The volcanism of southern Italy: Role of subduction and relationship between potassic and sodic alkaline magmatism. J Geophys Res 94:4589-4601
44. Elliot T, Plank T, Zindler A, White WM, Bourdon B (1997) Element transport from the slab to volcanic front at the Mariana arc. J Geophys Res 102:14991-15019
45. Esperanca S, Crisci GM (1995) The island of Pantelleria: A case for the development of DMM-HIMU isotopic compositions in a long-lived extensional setting. Earth Planet Sci Lett 136:167-182
46. Francalanci L, Taylor SR, McCulloch MT, Woodhead JD (1993) Geochemical and isotopic variations in the calcalkaline rocks of the Aeolian Arc, Southern Itlay - constraints on magma genesis. Contrib Mineral Petrol 113:300-313
47. Gasperini D, Blichert-Toft J, Bosch D, Del Moro A, Macera P, Télouk P, Albarède F (2000) Evidence from Sardinian basalt geochemistry for recycling of plume heads into the Earth's mantle. Nature 408:701-704
48. Gasperini D, Blichert-Toft J, Bosch D, Del Moro A, Macera P, Albarede F (2002) Upwelling of deep mantle material through a plate window: evidence from the geochemistry of Italian basaltic volcanics. J Geophys Res 107(B12):2367-2385
49. Gertisser R, Keller J (2000) From basalt to dacite: Origin and evolution of the calc-alkaline series of Salina, Aeolian Arc, Italy. Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:607-626
50. Giannandrea P, La Volpe L, Principe C, Schiattarella M (2004) Carta Geologica del Monte Vulture 1:25000, Progetto CARG of Servizio Geologico Nazionale, CNR-Italy, Regione Basilicata
51. Gvirtzman Z, Nur A (1999) The formation of Mount Etna as the consequence of slab rollback. Nature 401:782-785
52. Gvirtzman Z, Nur A (2001) Residual topography, lithospheric thickness, and sunken slabs in the central Mediterranean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 187:117-130
53. Hart SR, Hauri EH, Oschmann LA, Whitehead JA (1992) Mantle plumes and entrainment: Isotopic evidence. Science 256:517-520
54. 86Sr evidence from the italian volcanics. Contrib Miner Petrol 69:151-165
55. Hieke Merlin O (1967) I prodotti vulcanici del Monte Vulture (Lucania). Mem Ist Geol Min Univ Padova 26:3-67
56. Hoernle K, Behncke B, Schmincke HU (1996) The geochemistry of basalt from the Iblean Hills (Sicily) and the Island of Linosa (Strait of Sicily): Evidence for a plume from the lower mantle. Goldschmidt Conf, J Conf Abstr 1:264; http://www.the-conference.com/JConfAbs/1/264.html
57. Hofmann A (1997) Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385:219-229
58. Hyppolyte JC, Angelier J, Roure F, (1994) A major geodynamic change revealed by Quaternary stress patterns in the Southern Apennines (Italy). Tectonophysics 230:199-210
59. Johnson MC, Plank T (1999) Dehydration and melting experiments constrain the fate of subducted sediments. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 1: DOI. 1999GC000014
60. Jones AP, Kostoula T, Stoppa F, Wooley AR (2000) Petrography and mineral chemistry of mantle xenoliths in a carbonate-rich melilititic tuff from Mt.Vulture volcano, Southern Italy. Mineral Mag 64:593-613
61. Joron JL, Metrich N, Rosi M, Santacroce R, Sbrana A (1987) Chemistry and petrography. In: Santacroce R (ed) Somma-Vesuvius. CNR Quad Ric Sci 114:105-174
62. Kastens KA, Mascle J (1990) The geological evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea: An introduction to the scientific results of ODP Leg 107. Proc Ocean Drill Program Sci Results 107:3-26
63. Kempton PD, McGill R (2002) Procedures for the analysis of common lead at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory and an assessment of data quality. NIGL Report Series No 178, pp 60
64. Kessel R, Schmidt MW, Ulmer P, Pettke T (2005) Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth. Nature 437:724-727
65. Macera P, Gasperini D, Piromallo C, Blichert-Toft J, Bosch D, Del Moro A, Martin S (2003) Geodynamic implications of deep mantle upwelling in the source of Tertiary volcanics from the Veneto region (South-Eastern Alps). J Geodyn 36:563-590
66. Mantovani E, Albarello D, Tamburelli C, Babbucci D (1996) Evolution of the Tyrrhenian basin and surrounding regions as a result of the Africa-Eurasia convergence. J Geodyn 21:35-72
67. Marini L, Principe C, Paiotti A, Ferrara G, Cioni R (1994) Isotopic ratio and concentration of sulfur in the undesaturated alkaline magmas of Vulture volcano (Italy). Bull Volcanol 61:487-49
68. Meletti C, Patacca E, Scandone P (2000) Construction of a seismotectonic model: The case of study. Pure Appl Geophys 157:11-35
69. Melluso L, Morra V, Di Girolamo P (1996) The Mt. Vulture volcanic complex (Italy): Evidence for distinct parental magmas and for residual melts with melilite. Miner Petrol 56:225-250
70. Milani L, Beccaluva L, Coltorti M (1999) Petrogenesis and evolution of the Euganean Magmatic Complex, Veneto Region, North-East Italy. Eur J Mineral 11:379-399
71. Nakamura N (1974) Determinations of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:757-773
72. Panza GF, Pontevivo A, Sarao' A, Aoudia A, Peccerillo A (2004) Structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere and volcanism in the Tyrrhenian Sea and surroundings. Mem Descr Carta Geol Ital 64:29-56
73. Pappalardo L, Civetta L, d'Antonio M, Deino A, Di Vito M, Orsi G, Caradente A, de Vita S, Isaia R, Piochi M (1999) Chemical and Sr isotopic evolution of the Phlegrean magmatic system before the Campanian ignimbrite and the Neapolitan Yellow tuff eruptions. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91:141-166
74. Pappalardo L, Piochi M, D'Antonio M, Civetta L, Petrini R (2002) Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 kyr at Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data. J Petrol 43(8):1415-1434
75. Patacca E, Sartori R, Scandone P (1990) Tyrrhenian Basin and Apenninic arcs: Kinematic relations since Late Tortonian times. Mem Soc Geol Ital 45:425-451
76. Pearce JW, Peate DW (1995) Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 23:251-285
77. Peccerillo A (1985) Roman Comagmatic Province (Central Italy): Evidence for subduction-related magma genesis. Geology 13:103-106
78. Peccerillo A (1999) Multiple mantle metasomatism in central-southern Italy: Geochemical effects, timing and geodynamic implications. Geology 27:315-318
79. Peccerillo A (2001) Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius, Phlegraean Fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic and volcanological implications. Miner Petrol 73:93-105
80. Peccerillo A (2002) Plio-Quaternary magmatism in central-southern Iyaly: a new classification scheme for volcanic provinces and its geodynamic implications. In: Barchi RM, Cirilli S, Minelli G (eds) Geological and geodynamic evolution of the Apennines. Boll Soc Geol It Spec 1:113-127
81. Peccerillo A (2005) Plio-Quaternary volcanism in Italy. Petrology, geochemistry, geodynamics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 365
82. Peccerillo A, Panza G (1999) Upper mantle domains beneath central-southern Italy: Petrological, geochemical and geophysical constraints. Pure Appl Geophys 156:421-443
83. Peccerillo A, Kempton PD, Harmon RS, Wu TW, Santo AP, Boyce AJ, Tripodo A (1993) Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Alicudi volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy: Implications for magma genesis and evolution. Acta Volcanol 3:235-249
84. Piochi M (1994) Il sistema magmatico dell'isola di Ischia negli ultimi 10 ka: Evidenze geochimiche e geofisiche. PhD Thesis Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", pp 230
85. Piochi M, Civetta L, Orsi G (1999) Mingling in the magmatic system of Ischia (Italy) in the past 5 Ka. Mineral Petrol 66(4):227-258
86. Piochi M, Pappalardo L, De Astis G (2004) Geochemical and isotopical variation whitin the Campanian Comagmatic province: Implications on magma source composition. Annal Geophys 47:1485-1499
87. Plank T, Langmuir CH (1998) The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chem Geol 145:325-394
88. Poli S, Chiesa S, Gillot PY, Gregnanin A, Guichard F (1987) Chemistry versus time in the volcanic complex of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy). Contrib Mineral Petrol 95(3):322-335
89. Principe C, Stoppa F (1995) Carbonatitic activity at Mt. Vulture and the origin of tuffisitic lapilli. Plinius 12:86-90
90. Rogers NW, Hawkesworth CJ, Parker RJ, Marsh JS (1985) The geochemistry of potassic lavas from Vulsini, central Italy, and implications for mantle enrichment processes beneath the Roman Region. Contrib Mineral Petrol 90:244-257
91. Royse KR, Kempton PD, Darbyshire DPF (1998) Procedure for the analysis for Rubidium-Strontium and Samarium-Neodymium Isotopes at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory. NERC Isot Geosc Lab Report 1-27
92. Santo AP (2000) Volcanological and geochemical evolution of Filicudi (Aeolian Islands, South Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 96:79-101
93. Savelli C (2001) Two stage progression of volcanism (8 -0 Ma) in the central Mediterranean (southern Italy). J Geodyn 31(4):393 -410
94. Schiano P, Clocchiatti R, Ottolini L, Busà T (2001) Transition of Mount Etna lavas from a mantle-plume to an island-arc magmatic source. Nature 412:900-904, doi: 10.1038/35091056
95. Serri G (1990) Neogene-Quaternary magmatism of the Tyrrhenian region: characterisation of the magma sources and geodynamic implications. Mem Soc Geol Ital 41:219-242
96. Serri G, Innocenti F, Manetti P (1993) Geochemical and petrological evidence of the subuction and delaminated Adriatic continental lithosphere in the genesis of the Neogene-Quaternay magmatism of central Italy. Tectonophysics 223:117-147
97. Somma R, Ayuso RA, De Vivo B, Rolandi G (2001) Major, trace element and isotope geochemistry (Sr-Nd-Pb) of interplinian magmas from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (Southern Italy). Mineral Petrol 73:121-143
98. Stoppa F, Principe C (1997) Eruption style and petrology of a new carbonatitic suite from the Mt. Vulture Southern Italy: The Monticchio Lake formation. J Volcanol Geoth Res 78:251-265
99. Stoppa F, Woolley AR (1997) The italian carbonatites: Field occurrence, petrology and regional significance. Mineral Petrol 59:43-67
100. Stracke A, Hofmann A, Hart SR (2005) FOZO, HIMU and the rest of the mantle zoo. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 6, Q05007 doi: 10.1029/2004GC000824
101. Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders AD, Norry MJ (eds) Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geological Society Special Publications, vol 42. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 313-345
102. Tanguy JC, Condomines F, Kieffer G (1997) Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: Constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism, J Volcanol Geotherm Res 75(3-4):221-250
103. 205Pb double spike for high-precision lead isotope analysis. In: Hart SR, BaRu A (eds) Earth processes: reading the isotope code. Am Geophys Union 95:429-437
104. Trua T, Esperanca S, Mazzuoli R (1998) The evolution of the lithospheric mantle along the N.African plate: Geochemical and isotopical evidence from the tholeiitic and the alkaline volcanic rocks, of the Hyblean plateau, Italy. Contrib Mineral Petrol 13:307-322
105. Trua T, Serri G, Marani M, Renzulli A, Gamberi F (2002) Volcanological and petrological evolution of Marsili seamount (southern Tyrrhenian Sea). J Volcanol Geoth Res 114:441-464
106. Turi B, Taylor HP (1976) Oxygen isotope studies of potassic volcanic rocks of the Roman Province, central Italy. Contrib Mineral Petrol 55:1-31
107. 40Ar del complesso vulcanico del Monte Vulture. Rend SIMP 41:146-147
108. Villemant B, Trigila R, De Vivo B (1993) Geochemistry of Vesuvius volcanics during 1631-1944 period. J Volcanol Geoth Res 58:291-313
109. Vollmer R (1976) Rb-Sr and U-Th-Pb systematics of alkaline rocks: The alkaline rocks from Italy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:283-295
110. Watson B (1979) Zircon saturation in felsic liquids: Experimental results and application to trace element geochemistry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 70:407-419
111. Weaver BL, Wood DA, Tarney J, Joron JL (1987) Geochemistry of ocean island basalts from the South Atlantic: Ascension, Bouvet, St. Helena, Gough and Tristan da Cunha. In: Fitton JG, Upton BGJ (eds) Alkaline Igneous Rocks. Geological Society Special Publications vol 30. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 253-267
112. Westaway R (1993) Quaternary uplift of Southern Italy. J Geophys Res 98(B12):21741-21722
113. Wilson M (1989) Igneous petrogenesis. Harper Collins Academic, London, pp 456
114. Wilson M, Rosenbaum JM, Dunworth EA (1995) Melilitites: Partial melts of the thermal boundary layer?. Contrib Mineral Petrol 119:181-196
115. Wood DA, Joron JL, Treuil M, Norry M, Tarney J (1979) Elemental and Sr isotope variations in basic lavas from Iceland and the surrounding ocean floor. Contrib Mineral Petrol 40:319-339
116. Woodhead JD, Hergt JM, Davidson JP, Eggins SM (2001) Hafnium isotope evidence for "conservative" element mobility during subduction zone processes. Earth and Planet Sci Lett 192:331-346
117. Wortel MJR, Spakman W (2000) Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region. Science 290:1910-1917
118. Zindler A, Hart SR (1986) Chemical Geodynamics. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 14:493-571