메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 95-106

Disabled children, parent-child interaction and attachment

Author keywords

Attachment; Children with disabilities; Parent child interaction

Indexed keywords


EID: 33645527391     PISSN: 13567500     EISSN: 13652206     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00397.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (94)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0020395392 scopus 로고
    • Relationship-focused early intervention in developmental disabilities
    • Affleck, G., McGrade, B.J., McQueeney, M. & Allen, D.A. (1982) Relationship-focused early intervention in developmental disabilities. Exceptional Children, 49, 259-201.
    • (1982) Exceptional Children , vol.49 , pp. 259-1201
    • Affleck, G.1    McGrade, B.J.2    McQueeney, M.3    Allen, D.A.4
  • 4
    • 0024324817 scopus 로고
    • Meeting the needs of young deaf-blind children and their parents. I
    • Andrew, A.K. (1989) Meeting the needs of young deaf-blind children and their parents. I. Chad Health and Development, 15, 195-206.
    • (1989) Chad Health and Development , vol.15 , pp. 195-206
    • Andrew, A.K.1
  • 6
    • 0037777357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indices of attachment disorganization among toddlers with neurological and non-neurological problems
    • (eds J. Solomon & C. George), Guilford Press, New York
    • Barnett, D., Hunt, K.H., Butler, C.M., McCaskill, J.W. IV, Kaplan-Estrin, M. & Pipp-Siegel, S. (1999) Indices of attachment disorganization among toddlers with neurological and non-neurological problems. In: Attachment Disorganization (eds J. Solomon & C. George), pp. 189-212. Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1999) Attachment Disorganization , pp. 189-212
    • Barnett, D.1    Hunt, K.H.2    Butler, C.M.3    McCaskill IV, J.W.4    Kaplan-Estrin, M.5    Pipp-Siegel, S.6
  • 8
    • 0022142647 scopus 로고
    • Does the autistic child have a theory of mind?
    • Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A.M. & Frith, U. (1985) Does the autistic child have a theory of mind? Cognition, 21, 37-46.
    • (1985) Cognition , vol.21 , pp. 37-46
    • Baron-Cohen, S.1    Leslie, A.M.2    Frith, U.3
  • 9
    • 0031216281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talking about the self and other: Emergence of an internal state of lexicon in young children with Down syndrome
    • Beeghly, M. & Cicchetti, D. (1997) Talking about the self and other: emergence of an internal state of lexicon in young children with Down syndrome. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 729-748.
    • (1997) Development and Psychopathology , vol.9 , pp. 729-748
    • Beeghly, M.1    Cicchetti, D.2
  • 10
    • 0023354534 scopus 로고
    • Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement
    • Belsky, J. & Rovine, M. (1987) Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: an empirical rapprochement. Child Development, 58, 787-795.
    • (1987) Child Development , vol.58 , pp. 787-795
    • Belsky, J.1    Rovine, M.2
  • 12
    • 0028525446 scopus 로고
    • The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants
    • van den Boom, D. (1994) The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: an experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457-1477.
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 1457-1477
    • Van Den Boom, D.1
  • 15
    • 4644245935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing an understanding of mind: The development of children's social understanding within social interaction
    • Carpendale, J.I.M. & Lewis, C. (2004) Constructing an understanding of mind: the development of children's social understanding within social interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 79-151.
    • (2004) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.27 , pp. 79-151
    • Carpendale, J.I.M.1    Lewis, C.2
  • 17
    • 0031227684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants with autism: An investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation
    • Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G. & Drew, A. (1997) Infants with autism: an investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation. Developmental Psychology, 33, 781-789.
    • (1997) Developmental Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 781-789
    • Charman, T.1    Swettenham, J.2    Baron-Cohen, S.3    Cox, A.4    Baird, G.5    Drew, A.6
  • 18
    • 0002688526 scopus 로고
    • Possible contributions of the study of organically retarded persons to development theory
    • (eds E. Zigler & D. Balla), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Cicchetti, D. & Pogge-Hesse, P. (1982) Possible contributions of the study of organically retarded persons to development theory. In: Mental Retardation (eds E. Zigler & D. Balla), pp. 82-103. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1982) Mental Retardation , pp. 82-103
    • Cicchetti, D.1    Pogge-Hesse, P.2
  • 20
    • 84985053231 scopus 로고
    • Facilitating mother-infant communication: A treatment model for high-risk and developmentally delayed infants
    • Clark, G.N. & Seifer, R. (1983) Facilitating mother-infant communication: a treatment model for high-risk and developmentally delayed infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 4, 23-31.
    • (1983) Infant Mental Health Journal , vol.4 , pp. 23-31
    • Clark, G.N.1    Seifer, R.2
  • 21
    • 0038454320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenting and attachment among toddlers with congenital anomalies
    • Clements, M. & Barnett, D. (2002) Parenting and attachment among toddlers with congenital anomalies. Infant Mental Health Journal, 23, 625-642.
    • (2002) Infant Mental Health Journal , vol.23 , pp. 625-642
    • Clements, M.1    Barnett, D.2
  • 23
    • 0029974596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximity and sociable behaviours in autism: Evidence for attachment
    • Dissanayake, C. & Crossley, S.A. (1996) Proximity and sociable behaviours in autism: evidence for attachment. Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 149-156.
    • (1996) Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 149-156
    • Dissanayake, C.1    Crossley, S.A.2
  • 26
    • 84963463666 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward deafness and security of attachment relationships among young deaf children and their parents
    • Hadadian, A. (1995) Attitudes toward deafness and security of attachment relationships among young deaf children and their parents. Early Education and Development, 6, 181-191.
    • (1995) Early Education and Development , vol.6 , pp. 181-191
    • Hadadian, A.1
  • 27
    • 0002637937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to look in the right place: A comparison of attentional behavior in deaf children with deaf and hearing mothers
    • Harris, M. & Mohay, H. (1997) Learning to look in the right place: a comparison of attentional behavior in deaf children with deaf and hearing mothers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2, 95-103.
    • (1997) Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education , vol.2 , pp. 95-103
    • Harris, M.1    Mohay, H.2
  • 28
    • 0000985583 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of child attachment and maternal gratification in mothers of children with autism and Down syndrome
    • Hoppes, K. & Harris, S.L. (1990) Perceptions of child attachment and maternal gratification in mothers of children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 365-370.
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 365-370
    • Hoppes, K.1    Harris, S.L.2
  • 31
    • 0029085385 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between attachment, psychopathology, and childhood disability
    • Huebner, R.A. & Thomas, K.R. (1995) The relationship between attachment, psychopathology, and childhood disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 40, 111-124.
    • (1995) Rehabilitation Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 111-124
    • Huebner, R.A.1    Thomas, K.R.2
  • 32
    • 0026904104 scopus 로고
    • The relative effects of maternal and child problems on the quality of attachment: A meta-analysis of attachment in clinical samples
    • van IJzendoorn, M., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P.M. & Frenkel, O. (1992) The relative effects of maternal and child problems on the quality of attachment: a meta-analysis of attachment in clinical samples. Child Development, 63, 840-858.
    • (1992) Child Development , vol.63 , pp. 840-858
    • Van Ijzendoorn, M.1    Goldberg, S.2    Kroonenberg, P.M.3    Frenkel, O.4
  • 33
    • 33645505295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of 'deaf eyes': Early interventions with young deaf children and their families
    • Jamieson, J.R. (1997) The value of 'deaf eyes': Early interventions with young deaf children and their families. Exceptionality Education Canada, 7, 19-36.
    • (1997) Exceptionality Education Canada , vol.7 , pp. 19-36
    • Jamieson, J.R.1
  • 34
    • 0348091054 scopus 로고
    • Deafness and motherchild interaction: Scaffolding instruction and the learning of problem-solving skills
    • Jamieson, J.R. & Pederson, E.D. (1993) Deafness and motherchild interaction: scaffolding instruction and the learning of problem-solving skills. Early Development and Parenting, 2, 229-242.
    • (1993) Early Development and Parenting , vol.2 , pp. 229-242
    • Jamieson, J.R.1    Pederson, E.D.2
  • 36
    • 0029114182 scopus 로고
    • Sibling interaction of children with learning disabilities: A comparison of children with autism and Down's syndrome
    • Knott, F., Lewis, C. & Williams, T. (1995) Sibling interaction of children with learning disabilities: a comparison of children with autism and Down's syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 965-976.
    • (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 965-976
    • Knott, F.1    Lewis, C.2    Williams, T.3
  • 37
    • 0034111980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective communication of infants with autistic spectrum disorder and internal representation of their mothers
    • Kobayahi, R. (2000) Affective communication of infants with autistic spectrum disorder and internal representation of their mothers. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54, 235-243.
    • (2000) Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , vol.54 , pp. 235-243
    • Kobayahi, R.1
  • 38
    • 0038884634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of child deafness on mother-toddler interaction: Strengths and weaknesses
    • (eds P.E. Spencer, C.J. Erting & M. Marschark), Erlbaum, Mahweh, NJ
    • Lederberg, A.R. & Prezbindowski, A.K. (2000) Impact of child deafness on mother-toddler interaction: strengths and weaknesses. In: The Deaf Child in the Family and at School (eds P.E. Spencer, C.J. Erting & M. Marschark), pp. 73-92. Erlbaum, Mahweh, NJ.
    • (2000) The Deaf Child in the Family and at School , pp. 73-92
    • Lederberg, A.R.1    Prezbindowski, A.K.2
  • 39
    • 0006262791 scopus 로고
    • Parenting and the hearing impaired: Attachment and coping
    • Leigh, I.W. (1987) Parenting and the hearing impaired: attachment and coping. Volta Review, 89, 11-21.
    • (1987) Volta Review , vol.89 , pp. 11-21
    • Leigh, I.W.1
  • 41
    • 0001872407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A relational diathesis model of hostile-helpless states of mind: Expressions in mother-infant interaction
    • (eds J. Solomon & C. George), Guilford Press, New York
    • Lyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E. & Atwood, G. (1999) A relational diathesis model of hostile-helpless states of mind: expressions in mother-infant interaction. In: Attachment Disorganization (eds J. Solomon & C. George), pp. 33-70. Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1999) Attachment Disorganization , pp. 33-70
    • Lyons-Ruth, K.1    Bronfman, E.2    Atwood, G.3
  • 43
    • 33645507184 scopus 로고
    • The psychological development of prelinguistic deaf infants
    • Maher, T.F. (1989) The psychological development of prelinguistic deaf infants. Clinical Social Work Journal, 17, 209-222.
    • (1989) Clinical Social Work Journal , vol.17 , pp. 209-222
    • Maher, T.F.1
  • 44
    • 0002857410 scopus 로고
    • Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation
    • (eds M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti & E.M. Cummings). University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Main, M. & Solomon, J. (1990) Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In: Attachment during the Preschool Years: Theory, Research and Intervation (eds M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti & E.M. Cummings), pp. 121-160. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1990) Attachment during the Preschool Years: Theory, Research and Intervation , pp. 121-160
    • Main, M.1    Solomon, J.2
  • 45
    • 21444439416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers's reactions to their child's diagnosis: Relations with security of attachment
    • Marvin, R. & Pianta, R. (1996) Mothers's reactions to their child's diagnosis: relations with security of attachment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 436-445.
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 436-445
    • Marvin, R.1    Pianta, R.2
  • 48
    • 0012495191 scopus 로고
    • Effects of infant hearing loss and maternal support on mother-infant interactions at 18 months
    • Meadow-Orlans, K.P. & Steinberg, A.G. (1993) Effects of infant hearing loss and maternal support on mother-infant interactions at 18 months. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, 407-426.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 407-426
    • Meadow-Orlans, K.P.1    Steinberg, A.G.2
  • 49
    • 0033302643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity, security and internal working models: Bridging the transmission gap
    • Meins, E. (1999) Sensitivity, security and internal working models: bridging the transmission gap. Attachment and Human Development, 1, 325-342.
    • (1999) Attachment and Human Development , vol.1 , pp. 325-342
    • Meins, E.1
  • 50
    • 0028522726 scopus 로고
    • Play behavior and communication between deaf and hard of hearing children and their hearing peers in an integrated preschool
    • Minnet, A., Clark, K. & Wilson, G. (1994) Play behavior and communication between deaf and hard of hearing children and their hearing peers in an integrated preschool. American Annals of the Deaf, 139, 420-429.
    • (1994) American Annals of the Deaf , vol.139 , pp. 420-429
    • Minnet, A.1    Clark, K.2    Wilson, G.3
  • 52
    • 33645509831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Works 2002-02, Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, York
    • Mitchell, W. & Sloper, P. (2002) Quality Services for Disabled Children. Research Works 2002-02, Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, York.
    • (2002) Quality Services for Disabled Children
    • Mitchell, W.1    Sloper, P.2
  • 53
    • 0001411288 scopus 로고
    • Maternal sensitivity and infant-mother attachment in a developmentally delayed sample
    • Moran, G., Pederson, D.R., Pettit, P. & Krupka, A. (1992) Maternal sensitivity and infant-mother attachment in a developmentally delayed sample. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 427-442.
    • (1992) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.15 , pp. 427-442
    • Moran, G.1    Pederson, D.R.2    Pettit, P.3    Krupka, A.4
  • 54
    • 33645523732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma and its relation to working models of relationships: Attachment and loss in mothers of children with disabilities
    • Morog, M.C. (1997) Trauma and its relation to working models of relationships: attachment and loss in mothers of children with disabilities. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. The Sciences and Engineering, 57 (8-B), 5337.
    • (1997) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. The Sciences and Engineering , vol.57 , Issue.8 B , pp. 5337
    • Morog, M.C.1
  • 55
    • 85068080873 scopus 로고
    • Intervention in insecure infant attachment
    • (eds J. Belsky & T. Nezworski), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Nezworski, T., Tolan, W.J. & Belsky, J. (1988) Intervention in insecure infant attachment. In: Clinical Implications of Attachment (eds J. Belsky & T. Nezworski), pp. 352-386. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1988) Clinical Implications of Attachment , pp. 352-386
    • Nezworski, T.1    Tolan, W.J.2    Belsky, J.3
  • 56
    • 0034134605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into theory of mind from deafness and autism
    • Peterson, C.C. & Siegal, M. (2000) Insights into theory of mind from deafness and autism. Mind and Language, 15, 123-145.
    • (2000) Mind and Language , vol.15 , pp. 123-145
    • Peterson, C.C.1    Siegal, M.2
  • 57
    • 0000691881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers' resolution of their children's diagnosis: Organized patterns of caregiving representations
    • Pianta, R.C., Marvin, R.S., Britner, P.A. & Borowitz, K.C. (1996) Mothers' resolution of their children's diagnosis: organized patterns of caregiving representations. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 239-256.
    • (1996) Infant Mental Health Journal , vol.17 , pp. 239-256
    • Pianta, R.C.1    Marvin, R.S.2    Britner, P.A.3    Borowitz, K.C.4
  • 58
    • 0004062735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving the past and present: Relations with attachment organization
    • (eds J. Solomon & C. George). The Guilford Press, New York
    • Pianta, R.C., Marvin, R.S. & Morog, M.C. (1999) Resolving the past and present: relations with attachment organization. In: Attachment Disorganization (eds J. Solomon & C. George), pp. 379-398. The Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1999) Attachment Disorganization , pp. 379-398
    • Pianta, R.C.1    Marvin, R.S.2    Morog, M.C.3
  • 59
    • 0347195591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of relationships between parents and children: The emotional availability scales
    • Pipp-Siegal, S. & Biringen, Z. (1998) Assessing the quality of relationships between parents and children: the emotional availability scales. Volta Review, 100, 237-249.
    • (1998) Volta Review , vol.100 , pp. 237-249
    • Pipp-Siegal, S.1    Biringen, Z.2
  • 60
    • 0005058947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and emotional development of blind children: A longitudinal study
    • (eds V. Lewis & G. Collis), BPS Books, Leicester
    • Preisler, G.M. (1997) Social and emotional development of blind children: a longitudinal study. In: Blindness and Psychological Development in Yonng Children (eds V. Lewis & G. Collis), pp. 69-85. BPS Books, Leicester.
    • (1997) Blindness and Psychological Development in Yonng Children , pp. 69-85
    • Preisler, G.M.1
  • 64
    • 0020842123 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in the pathogenesis of autism
    • Rutter, M. (1983) Cognitive deficits in the pathogenesis of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 513-531.
    • (1983) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 513-531
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 65
    • 0002194118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health
    • Schore, A. (2001) Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 7-66.
    • (2001) Infant Mental Health Journal , vol.22 , pp. 7-66
    • Schore, A.1
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0027304498 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of parental satisfaction with disclosure of disability
    • Sloper, P. & Turner, S. (1993) Determinants of parental satisfaction with disclosure of disability. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35, 816-825.
    • (1993) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 816-825
    • Sloper, P.1    Turner, S.2
  • 70
    • 0004260956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solomon, J. & George, C. (eds) Guilford Press, New York
    • Solomon, J. & George, C. (eds) (1999) Attachment Disorganization. Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1999) Attachment Disorganization
  • 71
    • 0141429095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment representations and adoption: Associations between maternal states of mind and emotion narratives in previously maltreated children
    • Steele, M., Hodges, J., Kaniuk, J., Hillman, S. & Henderson, K. (2003) Attachment representations and adoption: associations between maternal states of mind and emotion narratives in previously maltreated children. Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 29, 187-205.
    • (2003) Journal of Child Psychotherapy , vol.29 , pp. 187-205
    • Steele, M.1    Hodges, J.2    Kaniuk, J.3    Hillman, S.4    Henderson, K.5
  • 72
    • 0017874881 scopus 로고
    • Attachment behaviorism handicapped children
    • Stone, N.W. & Chesney, B.H. (1978) Attachment behaviorism handicapped children. Mental Retardation, 16, 8-12.
    • (1978) Mental Retardation , vol.16 , pp. 8-12
    • Stone, N.W.1    Chesney, B.H.2
  • 74
    • 0002317218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressed mothers and infants: Failure to form dyadic states of consciousness
    • (eds L. Murray & P. Cooper), Guilford Press, New York
    • Tronick, E. & Weinberg, M. (1997) Depressed mothers and infants: failure to form dyadic states of consciousness. In: Postpartum Depression in Child Development (eds L. Murray & P. Cooper), pp. 54-81. Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1997) Postpartum Depression in Child Development , pp. 54-81
    • Tronick, E.1    Weinberg, M.2
  • 77
    • 0001838772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment and temperament: Redundant, independent, or interacting influences on interpersonal adaptation and personality development?
    • (eds J. Cassidy & P. Shaver), Guilford Press, New York
    • Vaughn, B.E. & Bost, K.K. (1999) Attachment and temperament: redundant, independent, or interacting influences on interpersonal adaptation and personality development?. In: Handbook of Attachment (eds J. Cassidy & P. Shaver), pp. 198-225. Guilford Press, New York.
    • (1999) Handbook of Attachment , pp. 198-225
    • Vaughn, B.E.1    Bost, K.K.2
  • 78
    • 3643092990 scopus 로고
    • Synchrony of cueing modalities: Communicative competence between mother and blind infant
    • Werth, L.H. (1984) Synchrony of cueing modalities: communicative competence between mother and blind infant. Early Child Development and Care, 18, 53-60.
    • (1984) Early Child Development and Care , vol.18 , pp. 53-60
    • Werth, L.H.1
  • 79
    • 0036782806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships among variables affecting well siblings and mothers in families of children with a chronic illness or disability
    • Williams, P.D., Williams, A.R., Graff, J.C., Hanson, S., Stanton, A., Hafeman, C. et al. (2002) Interrelationships among variables affecting well siblings and mothers in families of children with a chronic illness or disability. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 411-424.
    • (2002) Journal of Behavioral Medicine , vol.25 , pp. 411-424
    • Williams, P.D.1    Williams, A.R.2    Graff, J.C.3    Hanson, S.4    Stanton, A.5    Hafeman, C.6
  • 80
    • 0036579801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signposts to development: Theory of mind in deaf children
    • Woolfe, T., Want, S.C. & Siegal, M. (2002) Signposts to development: theory of mind in deaf children. Child Development, 73, 768-778.
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 768-778
    • Woolfe, T.1    Want, S.C.2    Siegal, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.