Integration of outcrop and modern analogs in reservoir modeling: Overview with examples from the Bahamas

AAPG Memoir

Volumn , Issue 80, 2005, Pages 1-22

  Grammer, G Michael ^a   Harris, Paul M Mitch ^b   Eberli, Gregor P ^c  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BAHAMAS; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS;

EID: 33645514883     PISSN: 02718529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Amos, C. L., and E. L. King, 1984, Bedforms of the Canadian eastern seaboard: A comparison with global occurrences: Marine Geology, v. 57, p. 167-208.
2. Anselmetti, F. S., and G. P. Eberli, 1993, Controls on sonic velocity in carbonates: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 141/2-4, p. 287-323.
3. Anselmetti, F. S., and G. P. Eberli, 1997, Sonic velocity in carbonate sediments and rocks, in F. J. Marfurt and A. Palaz, eds., Carbonate seismology: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysical Development Series no. 6, p. 53-74.
4. Anselmetti, F. S., and G. P. Eberli, 2001, Sonic velocity in carbonates - A combined product of depositional lithology and diagenetic alterations, in R. N. Ginsburg, ed., Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: Results of the Bahamas Drilling Project: SEPM Special Publication 70, p. 193-216.
5. Anselmetti, F. S.; G. P. Eberli, and Z.-D. Ding, 2000, From the Great Bahama Bank into the Straits of Florida: A margin architecture controlled by sea level fluctuations and ocean currents: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 829-846.
6. Ball, M. M., 1967, Carbonate sand bodies of Florida and the Bahamas: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 37, p. 556-591.
7. Beach, D. K., 1993, Submarine cementation of subsurface Pliocene carbonates from the interior of Great Bahama Bank: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 1059-1069.
8. Beach, D. K., and R. N. Ginsburg, 1980, Facies succession, Plio-Pleistocene carbonates, northwestern Great Bahamas Bank: AAPG Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1634-1642.
9. Betzler, C., J. J. G. Reijmer, K. Bernet, G. P. Eberli, and F. S. Anselmetti, 1999, Sedimentary patterns and geometries of the Bahamian outer carbonate ramp (Miocene and lower Pliocene, Great Bahama Bank): Sedimentology, v. 46, p. 1127-1145.
10. Borer, J. M., and P. M. Harris, 1991, Depositional facies and cyclicity in the Yates Formation, Permian Basin - Implications for reservoir heterogeneity: AAPG Bulletin, v. 75, p. 726-779.
11. Camacho, H., C. J. Busby, and B. Kneller, 2002, A new depositional model for the classical turbidite locality at San Clemente State Beach, California: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1543-1560.
12. Cook, H. E., 1983, Ancient carbonate platform margins, slopes, and basins: Platform margin and deep water carbonates: SEPM Short Course no. 12, p. 5.1-5.189.
13. Cook, H. E., and H. T. Mullins, 1983, Basin margin, in P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout, and C. H. Moore, eds., Carbonate depositional environments: AAPG Memoir 33, p. 539-619.
14. Davis, R. A., and P. S. Balson, 1992, Stratigraphy of a North Sea tidal sand ridge: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 116-121.
15. Dawans, J. M., and P. K. Swart, 1988, Textural and geochemical alterations in late Cenozoic Bahamian dolomites: Sedimentology, v. 35, p. 385-403.
16. Dulaney, J. P., and A. L. Hadik, 1990, Geologic reservoir description of Mobil-operated units in Slaughter (San Andres) field, Cochran and Hockley Counties, Texas, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 53-73.
17. Dyer, K. A., and D. A. Huntley, 1999, The origin, classification and modeling of sand banks and ridges: Continental Shelf Research, v. 19, p. 1285-1330.
18. Eberli, G. P., and R. N. Ginsburg, 1987, Segmentation and coalescence of Cenozoic carbonate platforms, northwestern Great Bahama Bank: Geology, v. 15, p. 75-79.
19. Eberli, G. P., P. K. Swart, M. Malone, and Scientific Party, 1997, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 166: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, 850 p.
20. Eberli, G. P., F. S. Anselmetti, J. A. M. Kenter, D. F. McNeill, and L. A. Melim, 2001, Calibration of seismic sequence stratigraphy with cores and logs, in R. N. Ginsburg, ed., Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: SEPM Special Publication 70, p. 241-265.
21. Eberli, G. P., F. S. Anselmetti, D. Kroon, T. Sato, and J. D. Wright, 2002, The chronostratigraphic significance of seismic reflections along the Bahamas Transect: Marine Geology, v. 185, nos. 1-2, p. 1-17.
22. Enos, P., and L. H. Sawatsky, 1981, Pore networks in Holocene carbonate sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 961-985.
23. Enos, P., and C. H. Moore, 1983, Fore-reef slope, in P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout, and C. H. Moore, eds., Carbonate depositional environments: AAPG Memoir 33, p. 507-539.
24. Frank, T. D., and K. Bernet, 2000, Isotopic signature of burial diagenesis and primary lithologic contrasts in periplatform carbonates (Miocene, Great Bahama Bank): Sedimentology, v. 47, p. 1256-1267.
25. Ginsburg, R. N., ed., 2001, Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: Results of the Bahamas Drilling Project: SEPM Special Publication 70, 265 p.
26. Ginsburg, R. N., and N. P. James, 1974, Holocene carbonate sediments of continental shelves, in C. A. Burk and C. L. Drake, eds., The geology of continental margins: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 137-155.
27. Ginsburg, R. N., P. M. Harris, G. P. Eberli, and P. K. Swart, 1991, The growth potential of a bypass margin, Great Bahama Bank: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 976-987.
28. Grammer, G. M., 1991, Formation and evolution of Quaternary carbonate foreslopes, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Coral Gables, Florida, 375 p.
29. Grammer, G. M., and R. N. Ginsburg, 1992, Highstand vs. lowstand deposition on carbonate platform margins: Insight from Quaternary foreslopes in the Bahamas: Marine Geology, v. 103, p. 125-136.
30. Grammer, G. M., R. N. Ginsburg, and P. M. Harris, 1993a, Timing of deposition, diagenesis, and failure of steep carbonate slopes in response to a high-amplitude/high-frequency fluctuation in sea level, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, in R. G. Loucks and J. F. Sarg, eds., Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, recent developments and applications: AAPG Memoir 57, p. 107-131.
31. Grammer, G. M., R. N. Ginsburg, P. K. Swart, D. F. McNeill, A. J. T. Juli, and D. R. Prezbindowski, 1993b, Rapid growth rate of syndepositional marine aragonite cements in steep marginal slope deposits, Bahamas and Belize: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 983-989.
32. Grammer, G. M., G. P. Eberli, F. S. P. Van Buchem, G. M. Stevenson, and P. Homewood, 1996, Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to evaluate lateral variability in outcrop and subsurface - Desert Creek and Ismay intervals (Pennsylvanian), Paradox Basin, in M. Sonnenfeld and M. Longman, eds., Paleozoic systems of the Rocky Mountain region: Rocky Mountain Section SEPM Special Publication, p. 235-266.
33. Grammer, G. M., C. M. Crescini, D. F. McNeill, and L. H. Taylor, 1999, Quantifying rates of syndepositional marine cementation in deeper platform environments - New insight into a fundamental process: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 202-207.
34. Grammer, G. M., P. M. Harris, and G. P. Eberli, 2001, Carbonate platforms: Exploration and production scale insight from modern analogs in the Bahamas: The Leading Edge, Society of Economic Geophysicists, v. 20, p. 252-261.
35. Grant, C. W., D. J. Goggin, and P. M. Harris, 1994, Outcrop analog for cyclic-shelf reservoirs, San Andres Formation of Permian Basin: Stratigraphic framework, permeability distribution, geostatistics, and fluid-flow modeling: AAPG Bulletin, v. 78, p. 23-54.
36. Halley, R. B., and P. M. Harris, 1979, Fresh-water cementation of a 1000-year-old oolite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 969-987.
37. Halley, R. B., P. M. Harris, and A. C. Hine, 1983, Bank margin environments, in P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout, and C. H. Moore, eds., Carbonate depositional environments: AAPG Memoir 33, p. 463-506.
38. Hardie, L. A., 1977, ed., Sedimentation on the modern carbonate tidal flats of northwest Andros Island, Bahamas: Johns Hopkins University, Studies in Geology, no. 22, 202 p.
39. Harris, P. M., 1978, Holocene marine-cemented sands, Joulters ooid shoal, Bahamas: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, v. 28, p. 175-183.
40. Harris, P. M., 1979, Facies anatomy and diagenesis of a Bahamian ooid shoal: Sedimenta 7: Miami Beach, Florida, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, University of Miami, 163 p.
41. Harris, P. M., 1983, The Joulters ooid shoal, Great Bahama Bank, in T. Peryt, ed., Coated grains: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 132-141.
42. Harris, P. M., 1984, Cores from a modern sand body; the Joulters ooid shoal, Great Bahama Bank, in P. M. Harris, ed., Carbonate sands - A core workshop: SEPM Core Workshop no. 5, p. 429-464.
43. Harris, P. M., and S. D. Walker, 1990, McElroy field: Development geology of a dolostone reservoir, Permian Basin, west Texas, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 275-296.
44. Hine, A. C., and A. C. Neumann, 1977, Shallow carbonate-bank-margin growth and structure, Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas: AAPG Bulletin, v. 61, p. 376-406.
45. Hine, A. C., R. J. Wilber, and A. C. Neumann, 1981, Carbonate sand bodies along contrasting shallow bank margins facing open seaways in northern Bahamas: AAPG Bulletin, v. 65, p. 261-290.
46. Hulscher, S. J. M. H., H. E. De Swart, and H. J. De Vriend, 1993, The generation of offshore tidal sand banks and sand waves: Continental Shelf Research, v. 13, p. 1183-1204.
47. Huthnance, J. M., 1982, On one mechanism forming linear sand banks: Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, v. 145, p. 79-99.
48. Illing, L. V., 1954, Bahaman calcareous sands: AAPG Bulletin, v. 38, p. 1-95.
49. Incze, M. L., 1998, Petrophysical properties of shallow-water carbonates in modern depositional and shallow sub-surface environments: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Coral Gables, Florida, 405 p.
50. Isern, A. R., and F. S. Anselmetti, 2001, The influence of carbonate platform morphology and sea level on fifth-order petrophysical cyclicity in slope and basin sediments adjacent to the Great Bahama Bank: Marine Geology, v. 177, p. 381-394
51. Kenter, J. A. M., R. N. Ginsburg, and S. R. Troelstra, 2001, The western Great Bahama Bank: Sea-level-driven sedimentation patterns on the slope and margin, in R. N. Ginsburg, ed., Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: SEPM Special Publication 70, p. 61-100.
52. Kerans, C., F. J. Lucia, and R. K. Senger, 1994, Integrated characterization of carbonate ramp reservoirs using outcrop analogs: AAPG Bulletin, v. 78, p. 181-216.
53. Kerans, C., and S. W. Tinker, 1997, Sequence stratigraphy and characterization of carbonate reservoirs: SEPM Short Course Notes, no. 40, 130 p.
54. Kievman, C. M., 1996, Sea level effects on carbonate platform evolution: Plio-Pleistocene, northwestern Great Bahama Bank: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Coral Gables, Florida, 245 p.
55. Lucia, F. J., D. G. Bebout, and C. R. Hocott, 1990, Reservoir characterization through integration of geological and engineering methods and techniques: Dune (Grayburg) field, University Lands, Crane County, Texas, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 197-238.
56. Malone, M. J., N. C. Slowey, and G. M. Henderson, 2001, Early diagenesis of shallow-water periplatform carbonate sediments, leeward margin, Great Bahama Bank (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 166): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 881-894.
57. Major, R. P., G. W. Vander Stoep, and M. H. Holtz, 1990, Geological and engineering assessment of remaining mobile oil, East Penwell San Andres Unit, Ector County, Texas, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 175-196.
58. Major, R. P., D. G. Bebout, and P. M. Harris, 1996, Facies heterogeneity in a modern ooid sand shoal - An analog for hydrocarbon reservoirs: Bureau of Economic Geology, Geological Circular 96-1, University of Texas at Austin, 30 p.
59. Mavko, G., T. Mukerji, and J. Dvorkin, 1998, The rock physics handbook; Tools for seismic analysis in porous media: Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, 329 p.
60. McBride, R. A., and T. F. Moslow, 1991, Origin, evolution and distribution of shoreface sand ridges, Atlantic inner shelf, U.S.A.: Marine Geology, v. 97, p. 57-85.
61. McLaurin, B. T., and R. J. Steele, 2000, Fourth-order non-marine to marine sequences, Middle Castlegate Formation, Book Cliffs, Utah: Geology, v. 28, p. 359-362.
62. Melim, L A., P. K. Swart, and R. G. Maliva, 1995, Meteoric-like fabrics forming in marine waters: Implications for the use of petrography to identify diagenetic environments: Geology, v. 23, p. 755-758.
63. Melim, L. A., H. Westphal, P. K. Swart, G. P. Eberli, and A. Munnecke, 2002, Questioning carbonate diagenetic paradigms: Evidence from the Neogene of the Bahamas: Marine Geology, v. 185, p. 27-53.
64. Newell, N. D., and J. K. Rigby, 1957, Geological studies on the Great Bahama Bank, in R. J. LeBlanc and J. G. Breeding, eds., Regional aspects of carbonate deposition: A symposium with discussion: SEPM Special Publication 5, p. 15-72.
65. Off, T., 1963, Rhythmic linear sand units caused by tidal currents: AAPG Bulletin, v. 47, p. 324-341.
66. Purdy, E. G., 1963, Recent calcium carbonate facies of the Great Bahama Bank: Journal of Geology, v. 71, p. 472-497.
67. Purves, W. J., 1990, Reservoir description of the Mobil Oil Bridges State Leases (upper San Andres reservoir), Vacuum field, Lea County, New Mexico, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 87-112.
68. Rafavich, F., C. G. St. C. Kendall, and T. P. Todd, 1984, The relationship between acoustic properties and the petrographic character of carbonate rocks: Geophysics, v. 49, p. 1622-1636.
69. Ruppel, S. C., 1990, Facies control of porosity and permeability: Emma San Andres reservoir, Andrews County, Texas, in D. G. Bebout and P. M. Harris, eds., Geologic and engineering approaches in evaluation of San Andres/Grayburg hydrocarbon reservoirs - Permian Basin: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, p. 145-171.
70. Sarg, J. F., 1988, Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, in C. K. Wilgus, B. S. Hastings, C. G. St. C. Kendall, H. W. Posamentier, C. A. Ross, and J. C. Van Wagoner, eds., Sea level changes - An integrated approach: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 155-181.
71. Sarg, J. F., J. R. Markello, and L. J. Weber, 1999, The second-order cycle, carbonate-platform growth, and reservoir, source, and trap prediction, in P. M. Harris, A. H. Saller, and J. A. Simo, eds., Advances in carbonate sequence stratigraphy: Application to reservoirs, outcrops, and models: SEPM Special Publication 63, p. 11-34.
72. Schlager, W., J. J. G. Reijmer, and A. W. Droxler, 1994, Highstand shedding of carbonate platforms: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. B64, p. 270-281.
73. Shinn, E. A., R. M. Lloyd, and R. N. Ginsburg, 1969, Anatomy of a modern carbonate tidal-flat, Andros Island, Bahamas: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 1202-1228.
74. Stafleu, J., and M. D. Sonnenfeld, 1994, Seismic models of a shelf-margin depositional sequence: Upper San Andres Formation, Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. B64/4, p. 481-499.
75. Stafleu, J., and W. Schlager, 1995, Pseudounconformities in seismic models of large outcrops: Geologische Rundschau, v. 84, p. 761-769.
76. Stafleu, J., A. J. W. Everts, and J. A. M. Kenter, 1994, Seismic models of a prograding carbonate platform: Vercors, SE France: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 11, p. 514-517.
77. Tinker, S. W., 1996, Building the 3-D jigsaw puzzle: Applications of sequence stratigraphy to 3-D reservoir characterization, Permian Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 80, p. 460-485.
78. Tyler, N., and R. J. Finley, 1991, Architectural controls on the recovery of hydrocarbons from sandstone reservoirs, in A. D. Miall and N. Tyler, eds., The three-dimensional facies architecture of terrigenous clastic sediments and its implications for hydrocarbon discovery and recovery: SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, v. 3, p. 1-5.
79. Vail, P. R., A. G. Todd, and J. B. Sangree, 1977, Chronostratigraphic significance of seismic reflections, in C. E. Payton, ed., Seismic stratigraphy - Applications to hydrocarbon exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 99-116.
80. Wang, Z., 1997, Seismic properties of carbonate rocks, in I. Palaz and K. J. Marfurt, eds., Carbonate seismology: Society of Exploration Geophysicists Geophysical Development Series no. 6, p. 29-52.
81. Weil, C. B., R. D. Morse, and R. E. Sheridan, 1973, A model for the evolution of linear tidal-built sand shoals in Delaware Bay, in Relations sedimentaires entre estuaries et plateaux continentaux: Bordeaux, France, Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine, p. 108.
82. Westphal, H., J. J. G. Reijmer, and M. J. Head, 1999, Sedimentary input and diagenesis on a carbonate slope (Bahamas): Response to morphology evolution of the carbonate platform and sea level fluctuations, in P. M. Harris, A. H. Saller, and A. J. Simo, eds., Advances in carbonate sequence stratigraphy - Application to reservoirs, outcrops, and models: SEPM Special Publication 63, p. 247-274.
83. White, C. D., and M. D. Barton, 1999, Translating outcrop data to flow models, with applications to the Ferron Sandstone: Society of Petroleum Engineers Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, v. 2, p. 341-350.
84. Wilber, R. J., J. D. Milliman, and R. B. Halley, 1990, Accumulation of bank-top sediment on the western slope of Great Bahama Bank: Rapid progradation of a carbonate megabank: Geology, v. 18, p. 970-974.
85. Williams, T., D. Kroon, and S. Spezzaferri, 2002, Middle-upper Miocene cyclostratigraphy of downhole logs and short to long term astronomical cycles in carbonate production of Great Bahama Bank: Marine Geology, v. 185, p. 75-93.
86. Willis, B. J., and C. D. White, 2000, Quantitative outcrop data for flow simulation: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, p. 788-802.
87. Willis, B., and S. Gabel, 2001, Sharp-based, tide-dominated deltas of the Sego Sandstone, Book Cliffs, Utah, U.S.A.: Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 479-506.
88. Zeng, H., and C. Kerans, 2003, Seismic frequency control on carbonate seismic stratigraphy: A case study of the Kingdom Abo sequence, west Texas: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, p. 273-293.