Biophysical mechanisms: A component in the weight of evidence for health effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields

Radiation Research

Volumn 165, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 470-478

  Swanson, John ^a   Kheifets, Leeka ^b  

^a NATIONAL GRID   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRWAY; ARTICLE; CYCLOTRON; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTRICITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MAGNETIC FIELD; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SKIN;

ANIMALS; BIOPHYSICS; CELL PHYSIOLOGY; ELECTRICITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH PHYSICS; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RADIATION INJURIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 33645470532     PISSN: 00337587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1667/RR3522.1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 74, 494-522 (1998).
2. J. P. Reilly, Neuroelectric mechanisms applied to low frequency electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines-Part 1: Sinusoidal waveforms. Health Phys. 83, 341-355 (2002).
3. IARC, Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields. Volume 80, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2002.
4. D. J. Spiegelhalter, Incorporating bayesian ideas into health-care evaluation. Stat. Sci. 19, 156-174 (2004).
5. W. Bialek, Physical limits to sensation and perception. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 16, 455-478 (1987).
6. IEEE standard C95.6, Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0 to 3 kHz. IEEE, New York, 2002.
7. P. J. Dimbylow, Induced current densities from low-frequency magnetic fields in a 2 mm resolution, anatomically realistic model of the body. Phys. Med. Biol. 43, 221-230 (1998).
8. P. J. Dimbylow, Current densities in a 2 mm resolution anatomically realistic model of the body induced by low frequency electric fields. Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 1013-1022 (2000).
9. M. A. Stuchly and O. P. Gandhi, Inter-laboratory comparison of numerical dosimetry for human exposure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 21, 167-174 (2000).
10. J. C. Weaver, T. E. Vaughan, R. K. Adair and R. D. Astumian, Theoretical limits on the threshold for the response of long cells to weak extremely low frequency electric fields due to ionic and molecular flux rectification. Biophys. J. 75, 2251-2254 (1998).
11. R. K. Adair, Didactic discussion of stochastic resonance effects and weak signals. Bioelectromagnetics 17, 242-245 (1996).
12. R. K. Adair, Noise and stochastic resonance in voltage-gated ion channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 12099-12104 (2003).
13. J. Bernhardt, The direct influence of electromagnetic fields on nerve- and muscle cells of man within the frequency range of 1 Hz to 30 MHz. Radiol. Environ. Biophys. 16, 309-23 (1979).
14. J. C. Weaver and R. D. Astumian, The thermal noise limit for threshold effects of electric and magnetic fields in biological systems. In Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Vol. 1, pp. 83-104. Academic Press, San Diego, 1994.
15. R. K. Adair, Simple neural networks for the amplification and utilisation of small changes in neuron firing rates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 7253-7258 (2001).
16. R. S. Chiu and M. A. Stuchly, Electric fields in bone marrow substructures at power-line frequencies. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng 52, 1103-1109 (2005).
17. E. C. Fear and M. A. Stuchly, Biological cells with gap junctions in low-frequency electric fields. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng 45, 856-866 (1998).
18. W. R. Bennet, Cancer and power lines. Phys. Today 47, 23-29 (1994).
19. B. Veyret, Rapporteur report: Interaction mechanisms. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 106, 317-319 (2003).
20. R. K. Adair, Biological responses to weak 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields must vary as the square of the field strength. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 9422-9425 (1994).
21. A. Ahlbom, N. Day, M. Feychting, E. Roman, J. Skinner, J. Dockerty, M. Linet and M. McBride, A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br. J. Cancer 83, 692-698 (2000).
22. R. K. Adair, Biological effects on the cellular level of electric field pulses. Health Phys. 61, 395-399 (1991).
23. A. I. Vistnes and K. Gjotterud, Why arguments based on photon energy may be highly misleading for power line frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 22, 200-204 (2001).
24. P. A. Valberg, R. Kavet and C. N. Rafferty, Can low-level 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields cause biological effects? Radiat. Res. 148, 2-21 (1997).
25. R. K. Adair, Constraints of thermal noise on the effects of weak 60-Hz magnetic fields acting on biological magnetite. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2925-2929 (1994).
26. R. K. Adair, Effects of very weak magnetic fields on radical pair reformation. Bioelectromagnetics 20, 255-263 (1999).
27. D. T. Edmonds, Larmor precession as a mechanism for the detection of static and alternating magnetic fields. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 30, 3-12 (1993).
28. V. V. Lednev, Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics 12, 71-75 (1991).
29. J. P. Blanchard and C. F. Blackman, Clarification and application of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions with biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics 15, 217-238 (1994).
30. R. K. Adair, Criticism of Lednev's mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics 13, 231-235 (1992).
31. R. K. Adair, A physical analysis of the ion parametric resonance model. Bioelectromagnetics 19, 181-191 (1998).
32. J. P. Reilly, Electric and magnetic-field coupling from high-voltage ac power transmission lines-classification of short-term effects on people. IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst. PAS-97, 2243-2252 (1978).
33. R. Kavet, L. E. Zaffanella, J. P. Daigle and K. L. Ebi, The possible role of contact current in cancer risk associated with residential magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 21, 538-553 (2000).
34. R. Kavet and L. E. Zaffanella, Contact voltage measured in residences: Implications to the association between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Bioelectromagnetics 23, 464-474 (2002).
35. R. Kavet, L. E. Zaffanella, R. L. Pearson and J. Dallapiazza, Association of residential magnetic fields with contact voltage. Bioelectromagnetics 25, 530-536 (2004).
36. A. Hopwood, Natural radiation focused by power lines: New evidence. Electron. World Wireless World 92, 912-915 (1992).
37. A. Skedsmo and A. I. Vistnes, Deflection of cosmic radiation near power lines-a theoretical approach. Health Phys. 78, 679 (2000).
38. D. L. Henshaw, A. N. Ross, A. P. Fews and A. W. Preece, Enhanced deposition of radon daughter nuclei in the vicinity of power frequency electromagnetic fields. Int. J. Radiol. Biol. 69, 25-38 (1996).
39. A. P. Fews, D. L. Henshaw, P. A. Keitch, J. J. Close and R. J. Wilding, Increased exposure to pollutant aerosols under high voltage power lines. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 75, 1505-1521 (1999).
40. J. Swanson and D. E. Jeffers, Possible mechanisms by which electric fields from power lines might affect airborne particles harmful to health. J. Radiol. Prot. 19, 213-229 (1999).
41. J. Swanson and D. E. Jeffers, Comments on the papers: Increased exposure to pollutant aerosols under high voltage power lines; and corona ions from powerlines and increased exposure to pollutant aerosols. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76, 1685-1693 (2000).
42. A. P. Fews, D. L. Henshaw, R. J. Wilding and P. A. Keitch, Corona ions from powerlines and increased exposure to pollutant aerosols. Int. J. Radiol. Biol. 75, 1523-1531 (1999).
43. NRPB, Particle Deposition in the Vicinity of Powerlines and Possible Effects on Health. Document 15, no. 1, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, UK, 2004.