Can pelvic floor muscle training prevent and treat pelvic organ prolapse?

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 263-268

  Bø, Kari ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Pelvic floor muscle training; Pelvic organ prolapse; Physical therapy; Strength

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL PRESSURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; METHODOLOGY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; FECES INCONTINENCE; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; KINESIOTHERAPY; PELVIS FLOOR; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; URINE INCONTINENCE; UTERUS PROLAPSE;

EXERCISE THERAPY; FECAL INCONTINENCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; PELVIC FLOOR; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY INCONTINENCE; UTERINE PROLAPSE;

EID: 33645459055     PISSN: 00016349     EISSN: 16000412     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00016340500486800     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Bernstein I, Juul N, Grønvall S, Bonde B, Klarskov P. Pelvic floor muscle thickness measured by perineal sonography. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1991;137:131-3.
2. Mørkved S, Salvesen K, Bø K, Eik-Nes S. Pelvic floor muscle strength and thickness in continent and incontinent nulliparous women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004;15:384-90.
3. Fowler C, Benson J, Craggs M, Vodusek D, Yang C, Podnar S. Clinical neurophysiology. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. Plymouth: Plymbridge Distributors Ltd; 2002. p. 389-424.
4. Kegel AH. Stress incontinence and genital relaxation. Ciba Clin Sympos. 1952;2:35-51.
5. DeLancey J. Structural aspects of urethrovesical function in the female. Neurourol Urodyn. 1988;7:509-19.
6. DeLancey J. The anatomy of the pelvic floor. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1994;6:313-6.
7. DeLancey J. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:1713-23.
8. DeLancey J. Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1990;33:298-307.
9. DeLancey JOL. Anatomy and biomechanics of genital prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1993;36:897-909.
10. Norton P. Pelvic floor disorders: the role of fascia and ligaments. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1993;36:926-38.
11. Wall LL, DeLancey JOL. The politics of prolapse: a revisionist approach to disorders of the pelvic floor in women. Perspect Biol Med. 1991;34:486-96.
12. Bump R, Norton P. Epidemiology and natural history of pelvic floor dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1998;25:723-46.
13. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21:167-78.
14. Thakar R, Stanton S. Management of genital prolapse. BMJ. 2002;324:1258-62.
15. Beck RP, McCormick S, Nordstrom L. A 25-year experience with 519 anterior colporrhaphy procedures. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;78:1011-8.
16. Brubaker L, Bump R, Jacquetin B, Schussler B, Weidner A, Zimmern P, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. Plymouth, UK: Plymbridge Distributors Ltd; 2002. p. 243-66.
17. Samuelsson E, Victor A, Tibblin G, Svaerdsudd K. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20-59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:299-305.
18. Hagen S, Stark D, Cattermole D. A United Kingdom-wide survey of physiotherapy practice in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Physiotherapy. 2004;90:19-26.
19. Hagen S, Stark D, Maher C, Adams E. Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. 2. Oxford: Cochrane Library; 2004.
20. Hay-Smith E, Bø K, Berghmans L, Hendriks H, deBie R, van Waalwijk van Doom ESC. Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Review [3]. Oxford: Cochrane Library; 2001.
21. Wilson PD, Bø KH-SJ, Nygaard I, Staskin D, Wyman J, Bourchier A. Conservative treatment in women. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, ein A, editors. Incontinence. Plymouth: Plymbridge Ltd, Health Publication Ltd; 2002. p. 571-624.
22. Davila GW. Vaginal prolapse. Management with nonsurgical techniques. Postgrad Med. 1996;99:171-85.
23. Mimura T, Roy A, Storrie J, Kamm M. Treatment of impaired defecation associated with rectocele by behavioral retraining (biofeedback). Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:1267-72.
24. Piya-Anant M, Therasakvichya S, Leelaphatanadit C, Techatrisak K. Integrated health research program for the Thai elderly: prevalence of genital prolapse and effectiveness of pelvic floor exercise to prevent worsening of genital prolapse in elderly women. J Med Assoc Thai. 2004;86:509-15.
25. Bump R, Mattiasson A, Bø K, Brubaker L, DeLancey J, Klarskov P. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:10-7.
26. Artibani W, Andersen J, Gajewski J, Ostergaard D, Raz S, Tubaro A. Imaging and other investigations. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. Plymouth: Plymbridge Distributors Ltd; 2002. p. 425-78.
27. Miller J, Perucchini D, Carchidi L, DeLancey J, Ashton-Miller J. Pelvic floor muscle contraction during a cough and decreased vesical neck mobility. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:255-60.
28. Howard D, Miller J, DeLancey J, Ashton-Miller J. Differential effects of cough, valsalva, and continence status on vesical neck movement. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:535-40.
29. DeLancey J, Hurd W. Size of the urogenital hiatus in the levator ani muscles in normal women and women with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:364-8.
30. DeLancey J, Kearney R, Chou Q, Speights S, Binno S. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:46-53.
31. Lienemann A, Sprenger D, Janssen U, Grosch E, Pellengahr C, Anthuber C. Assessment of pelvic organ descent by use of functional Cine-MRI: which reference line should be used? Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23:33-7.
32. Bø K. Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004;15:76-84.
33. DeLancey J. Functional anatomy of the female lower urinary tract and pelvic floor. Ciba Found Symp. 1990;151:57-76.
34. Bø K, Lilleås F, Talseth T, Hedlund H. Dynamic MRI of pelvic floor muscles in an upright sitting position. Neurourol Urodyn 1990. 2001;20:167-74.
35. Bø K, Sherburn M, Allen T. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via transversus abdominis muscle contraction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22:582-8.
36. Miller JM, Ashton-Miller JA, DeLancey J. A pelvic muscle precontraction can reduce cough-related urine loss in selected women with mild SUI. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:870-4.
37. Peschers U, Fanger G, Schaer G, Vodusek D, DeLancey J, Schussler B. Bladder neck mobility in continent nulliparous women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;108:320-4.
38. Kegel A. The non-surgical treatment of genital relaxation. Ann West Med Surg. 1948;2:213-6.
39. Frontera W, Meredith C. Strength training in the elderly. Physical Activity, Aging and Sports. In: Harris R, Harris S, editors. Scientific and Medical Research, vol. 1. Albany, NY: Center for the Study of Aging; 1989. p. 319-31.
40. DiNubile NA. Strength training. Clin Sports Med. 1991;10:33-62.
41. Stone M. Implications for connective tissue and bone alterations resulting from resistance exercise training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;20:162-8.
42. Vailas A, Vailas J. Physical activity and connective tissue. In: Bouchard C, Shephard R, Stephens T, editors. Physical Activity, Fitness and Health. International Proceedings and Consensus Statement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1994. p. 369-82.
43. Stone M. Connective tissue and bone response to strength training. In: Komi P, editor. Strength and Power in Sport. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1992. p. 279-90.
44. Peschers U, Schaer G, Anthuber C, DeLancey J, Schussler B. Changes in vesical neck mobility following vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88:1001-6.
45. DeLancey J, Kearney R, Umek W, Ashton-Miller J. Levator ani muscle structure and function in women with prolapse compared to women with normal support. Nerourol Urodyn. 2003;22:542-3.
46. Bernstein I. The pelvic floor muscles. PhD Thesis. University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hospital, Department of Urology, 1997.
47. Balmfoth J, Bimead J, Cardozo L, Hextall A, Kelvin B, Mantle J. Raising the tone: a prospective observational study evaluating the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on bladder neck mobility and associated improvement in stress urinary incontinence. Neururol Urodyn. 2004;23:553-4.
48. Pollock ML, Gaesser GA, Butcher JD, Despres JP, Dishman RK, Franklin BA. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:975-91.
49. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:265-74.
50. Bø K, Larsen S, Oseid S, Kvarstein B, Hagen R, Jørgensen J. Knowledge about and ability to correct pelvic floor muscle exercises in women with urinary stress incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 1988;7:261-2.
51. Bump R, Hurt WG, Fantl JA, Wyman JF. Assessment of Kegel exercise performance after brief verbal instruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:322-9.
52. Benvenuti F, Caputo GM, Bandinelli S, Mayer F, Biagini C, Somavilla A. Reeducative treatment of female genuine stress incontinence. Am J Phys Med. 1987;66:155-68.
53. Clemons J, Aguilar V, Tillinghast T, Jackson N, Myers D. Patient satisfaction and changes in prolapse and urinary symptoms in women who were fitted successfully with a pessary for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1025-9.
54. Maher C, Carey M, Adams EHS. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse. The Cochrane Library. (2).