Rock temperatures as an indicator of weathering processes affecting rock art

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 383-389

  Hœrlé, Stéphane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Rock art; Rock temperature; Weathering

Indexed keywords

FATIGUE OF MATERIALS; ROCKS; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL GRADIENTS; THERMAL STRESS; WEATHERING;

ROCK ART; ROCK TEMPERATURES; THERMAL SHOCKS;

PETROLOGY;

FATIGUE OF MATERIALS; PETROLOGY; ROCKS; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL GRADIENTS; THERMAL STRESS; WEATHERING;

ROCK ART; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; WEATHERING;

EID: 33645322137     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: 10969837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/esp.1329     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Davidson AP. 1986. An investigation into the relationship between salt weathering debris production and temperature. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11: 335-341.
2. Eriksson PG. 1983. A paleoenvironmental study of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens formations in the Natal Drakensberg and Northeastern Orange Free State. PhD thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
3. Griggs DT. 1936. The factor of fatigue in rock exfoliation. Journal of Geology 44: 783-796.
4. Hall K. 1995. Freeze-thaw weathering: the cold region 'panacea'. Polar Geography and Geology 19: 79-87.
5. Hall K. 1999. The role of thermal stress fatigue in the breakdown of rocks in cold regions. Geomorphology 31: 47-63.
6. Hall K, André M-E 2001. New insights into rock weathering from high-frequency rock temperature: an Antarctic study of weathering by thermal stress. Geomorphology 41: 23-35.
7. Hall K, Lindgren BS, Jackson P. 2005. Rock albedo and monitoring of thermal conditions in respect of weathering: some expected an some unexpected results. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30: 801-811.
8. Heysteck H, Malan BD. 1958. Experiments with Dow Corning silicone preparations, 16th and 19th May, 1958. Report. National Building Research Institute: Pretoria.
9. Jenkins KA, Smith BJ. 1990. Daytime rock surface temperature variability and its implications for mechanical rock weathering: Tenerife, Canary Islands. Catena 17: 449-459.
10. Kerr A, Smith BJ, Whalley WB, McGreevy JP. 1984. Rock temperatures from southeast Morocco and their significance for experimental rock-weathering studies. Geology 12: 306-309.
11. Lewis Williams JD. 1990. Discovering Southern African Rock Art. David Philip: Cape Town.
12. Lewis-Williams JD. 2003. Images of Mystery. Double Storey: Cape Town.
13. Loubser PJ, Van Aardt JHP. 1979. Preservation of rock art: installation of a drip system at the Beersheba shelter, Griqualand East district. South African Archaeological Bulletin 34: 54-56.
14. McGreevy JP. 1985. Thermal properties as control on rock surface temperature maxima, and possible implications for rock weathering. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 10: 125-136.
15. McGreevy JP, Warke PA, Smith BJ. 2000. Controls on stone temperature and the benefits of interdisciplinary exchange. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 39: 259-274.
16. Matsuoka N. 1994. Diurnal freeze-thaw depth in rockwalls: Field measurements and theoretical considerations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 423-435.
17. Mazel AD, Watchman AL. 2003. Dating rock paintings in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg and the Biggarsberg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Southern African Humanities 15: 59-73.
18. Meiklejohn KI. 1994. Aspect of the Weathering of the Clarens Formation in the KwaZulu/Natal Drakensberg: Implications for Preservation of Indigenous Rock Art. PhD thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
19. Meiklejohn KI. 1995. The deterioration and preservation of rock art in the KwaZulu/Natal Clarens formation: a geomorphological perspective. Pictogram 8: 1-13.
20. Meiklejohn KI. 1997. The role of moisture in the weathering of the Clarens Formation of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg: implications for the preservation of indigenous rock art. South African Geographical Journal 79: 199-206.
21. Mitchell DJ, Halsey DP. 2000. Monitoring climatic conditions for rock weathering studies. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Suppl.- Bd. 120: 97-114.
22. Morris D, Ouzman S, Tlhapi G. 2001. The Tandjesberg San Rock Painting Rehabilitation Project. From catastrophe to celebration. The Digging Stick 18: 1-5.
23. National Building Research Institute. 1983. Preservation of rock art. Final summarized report on the investigation carried out by the National Building Research Institute from 1974 to 1982. CSIR: Pretoria.
24. Ollier CD. 1984. Weathering. Longman: New York.
25. Pager S-A. 1989. The deterioration of the rock paintings in the Ndedema Gorge, Natal Drakensberg, Republic of South Africa. Pictogram 2: 1-4.
26. Peel RF. 1974. Insolation weathering: Some measurements of diurnal temperature changes in exposed rocks in the Tibesti region, central Sahara. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Suppl.-Bd. 21: 19-28.
27. Rudner I. 1989. The Conservation of Rock Art in South Africa. National Monuments Council: Cape Town.
28. Smith BJ. 1977. Rock temperature measurements from the northwest Sahara and their implications for rock weathering. Catena 4: 41-63.
29. Tyson PD, Preston-Whyte RM, Schulze RM. 1976. Climate of the Drakensberg. Natal, Town and Regional Report: Pietermaritzburg.
30. Vinnicombe P. 1966. The early recordings and preservation of rock paintings in South Africa. Studies in Speleology 1: 153-162.
31. Ward V, Maggs T. 1994. Changing appearances: a comparison between early copies and the present state of rock paintings from the Natal Drakensberg as an indication of rock art deterioration. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 6: 153-178.
32. Warke PA. 2000. Micro-environmental conditions and rock weathering in hot, and regions. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Suppl.-Bd. 120: 83-95.
33. Warke PA, Smith BJ, Magee RW. 1996. Thermal response characteristics of stone: implications for weathering of soiled surfaces in urban environments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21: 95-306.
34. Whalley WB, McGreevy JP, Ferguson RI. 1984. Rock temperature observation and chemical weathering in the Hunza region, Karakoram, preliminary data. In The International Karakoram Project, vol. 2, Miller KJ (ed.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 616-633.
35. Will B, Rolls D. 1998. Weathering: An Introduction to Scientific Principles. Arnold: London.
36. Yatsu E. 1988. The Nature of Rock Weathering. Sozosha: Tokyo.