Cross cultural adjustment: A test of the 'uncertainty reduction principle'

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 153-171

  Taveggia, Thomas C ^a   Gibboney, Lourdes Santos Nieves ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b One of the City Colleges of Chicago   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cross cultural adjustment; Diplomatic employees; Equivocality; Expatriates; International management; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645312855     PISSN: 14705958     EISSN: 17412838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/147059580112002     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Adelman, M. (1988) 'Cross-cultural Adjustment: A Theoretical Perspective on Social Support', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 12: 183-204
2. Adler, N. (1986) International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. Belmont, CA: Kent
3. Adler, N. (1997) International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, 3rd edn. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western
4. Adler, N. and Bartholomew, S. (1992) 'Managing Globally Competent People', Academy of Management Executive 6: 52-65
5. Albrecht, T. and Adelman, M. (1984) 'Social Support and Life Stress: New Directions for Communications Research', Human Communication Research 11: 3-32
6. Amir, Y. (1969) 'The Contact Hypothesis in Ethnic Relations', Psychological Bulletin 71: 319-42
7. Berry, J. and Annis, C. (1974) 'Acculturative Stress: The Role of Ecology, Culture and Differentiation', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 5: 382-406
8. Black, J. (1988) 'Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan', Journal of International Business Studies 19: 277-94
9. Black, J. (1990) 'The Relationship of Personal Characteristics with the Adjustment of Japanese Expatriate Managers', Management International Review 30: 119-34
10. Black, J. and Gregersen, H. (1991) 'Antecedents to Cross-cultural Adjustment for Expatriates in Pacific Rim Assignments', Human Relations 44: 497-515
11. Black, J. and Mendenhall, M. (1990) 'Cross-cultural Training Effectiveness: A Review and Theoretical Framework for Future Research', Academy of Management Review 15: 113-36
12. Black, J. and Mendenhall, M. (1991) 'The U-curve Adjustment Hypothesis Revisited: A Review and Theoretical Framework', Journal of International Business Studies 22: 225-47
13. Black, J. and Porter, L. (1991) 'Managerial Behaviors and Performance: A Successful Manager in Los Angeles May Not Succeed in Hong Kong', Journal of International Business Studies 22: 99-113
14. Black, J. and Stephens, G. (1989) 'The Influence of the Spouse on American Expatriate Adjustment and Intent to Stay in Pacific Rim Overseas Assignments', Journal of Management 15: 529-44
15. Bochner, S., Lin, A. and McLeod, B. (1979) 'Cross-cultural Contact and the Development of an International Perspective', Journal of Social Psychology 107: 29-41
16. Bochner, S. and Perks, R.W. (1971) 'National Evocation as a Function of Cross-national Interaction', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2: 157-64
17. Born, D. (1970) 'Psychological Adaptation and Development under Acculturative Stress', Social Science and Medicine 3: 529-47
18. Brett, J. (1980) 'The Effects of Job Transfers on Employees and their Families', in C.L. Cooper and R. Payne (eds) Current Concerns in Occupational Stress. New York: Wiley
19. Brett, J. (1984) 'Job Transitions and Personal and Role Development', in K.M. Rowland and G.R. Ferris (eds) Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
20. Brewster, C., and Pickard. J. (1994) 'Evaluating Expatriate Training', International Studies of Management & Organization 24: 18-35
21. Brislin, R.W. (1981) Cross-cultural Encounters. New York: Pergamon
22. Burke, M. and Day, R. (1986) 'A Cumulative Study of the Effectiveness of Management Training', Journal of Applied Psychology 71: 232-45
23. Byrnes, F. (1966) 'Role Shock: An Occupational Hazard of American Technical Assistants Abroad', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 368: 95-108
24. Chen, G. (1992) 'Communication Adaptability and Interaction Involvement as Predictors of Cross-cultural Adjustment', Communication Research Reports 9: 33-41
25. Chim-Sum Li, L. (1992) 'The Strategic Design of Cross-cultural Training Programmes', Journal of Management Development 11: 22-9
26. Church, A.T. (1982) 'Sojourner Adjustment', Psychological Bulletin 91: 540-72
27. Cooper, H. (1998) Synthesizing Research, 3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
28. David, K. (1971) 'Culture Shock and the Development of Self-awareness', Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 4: 44-8
29. David, K. (1972) 'Intercultural Adjustment and Applications of Reinforcement Theory to Problems of "Culture Shock"', Trends 4 : 1-64
30. Dawis, R. and Lofquist, L. (1984) A Psychological Theory of Work Adjustment. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
31. Deshpande, S. and Viswesvaran, C. (1992) 'Is Cross-cultural Training of Expatriate Managers Effective: A Meta-analysis', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 16: 295-310
32. Dunbar, E. (1992) 'Adjustment and Satisfaction of Expatriate U.S. Personnel', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 16: 1-16
33. Earley, C. (1987) 'Intercultural Training for Managers: A Comparison of Documentary and Interpersonal Methods', Academy of Management Journal 30: 685-98
34. English, H.B. (1958) A Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychological and Psychoanalytical Terms. New York: David McKay
35. Estes, R. (1988) Trends in World Social Development. New York: Praeger
36. Estes, R. (1996a) 'Social Development Trends in Africa', Social Development Issues 17: 18-47
37. Estes, R. (1996b) 'Social Development Trends in Asia', Social Indicators Research 37: 119-48
38. Estes, R. (1996c) 'Social Development Trends in Latin America, 1970-1994: In the Shadows of the 21st Century', Social Development Issues 18: 25-52
39. Feldman, D. and Thomas, D. (1992) 'Career Management Issues Facing Expatriates', Journal of International Business Studies 23: 271-93
40. Feldman, D. and Tompson, H. (1993) 'Expatriation, Repatriation, and Domestic Geographical Relocation: An Empirical Investigation of Adjustment to New Job Assignments', Journal of International Business Studies 24: 507-31
41. Furnham, A. and Bochner, S. (1982) 'Social Difficulty in a Foreign Culture: An Empirical Analysis of Culture Shock', in S. Bochner (ed.) Cultures in Contact: Studies in Cross-cultural Interaction. Oxford: Pergamon
42. Gudykunst, W. (1983) 'Toward a Typology of Stranger-Host Relationships', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 7: 401-13
43. Gudykunst, W. (1985a) 'The Influence of Cultural Similarity, Type Relationship, and Self-monitoring on Uncertainty Reduction Processes', Communication Monographs 52: 203-17
44. Gudykunst, W. (1985b) 'A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters', Journal of Language and Social Psychology 4: 79-98
45. Gudykunst, W. and Nishida, T. (1984) 'Individual and Cultural Influences on Uncertainty Reduction', Communication Monographs 51: 23-36
46. Gullahorn, J. and Gullahorn, J. (1962) 'An Extension of the U-curve Hypothesis', Journal of Social Issues 19: 33-47
47. Gullick, C. (1990) 'Expatriate British Executives and Culture Shock', Studies in Third World Societies 42: 173-206
48. Guthrie, G. (1975) 'A Behavioral Analysis of Culture Learning', in R. Brislin, S. Bochner and W. Lonner (eds) Cross-culture Perspectives on Learning. New York: Wiley
49. Hannigan, T. (1990) 'Traits, Attitudes, and Skills that are Related to Intercultural Effectiveness and their Implications for Cross-cultural Training: A Review of the Literature', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 14: 89-111
50. Harrison, K. (1992) 'Individual and Combined Effects of Behavior Modeling and the Cultural Assimilator in Cross-cultural Management Training', Journal of Applied Psychology 77: 952(11)
51. Harzing, A. and Hofstede, G. (1996) 'Planned Change in Organizations: The Influence of National Culture', Research in the Sociology of Organizations 14: 297-340
52. Hawes, F. and Kealey, D.J. (1981) 'An Empirical Study of Canadian Technical Assistance', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 5: 239-58
53. Heenan, D. (1970) 'The Corporate Expatriate, Assignment to Ambiguity', Columbia Journal of World Business 5: 49-54
54. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. London: Sage Publications
55. Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill
56. Janssens, M. (1995) 'Intercultural Interaction: A Burden on International Managers?', Journal of Organizational Behavior 16: 155-67
57. Lobel, S. (1990) 'Global Leadership Competencies: Managing to a Different Drumbeat', Human Resource Management 29: 39-47
58. Louis, M. (1980) 'Surprise and Sense Making: What Newcomers Experience in Entering Unfamiliar Organizational Settings', Administrative Science Quarterly 25: 226-51
59. Lysgaard, S. (1955) 'Adjustment in a Foreign Society: Norwegian Fullbright Grantees Visiting the United States', International Social Science Bulletin 7: 45-51
60. Maclachlan, M. (1993) 'Sustaining Human Resource Development in Africa: The Influence of Expatriates', Management Education and Development 24: 166-71
61. Mendenhall, M., Dunbar, E. and Oddou, G. (1987) 'Expatriate Selection, Training, and Career Pathing: A Review and Critique', Human Resource Management 26: 331-45
62. Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G. (1985) 'The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation: A Review', Academy of Management Review 10: 39-47
63. Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G. (1986) 'Acculturation Profiles of Expatriate Managers: Implications for Cross-cultural Training Programs', Columbia Journal of World Business 21: 73-9
64. Miller, E. (1976) 'Regional Location and International Work Experience as Correlates of the Job Satisfaction of Expatriate American Managers', Journal of Economics & Business 28: 121-7
65. Nash, D. (1967) 'The Fate of Americans in a Spanish Setting: A Study of Adaptation', Human Organization 26: 157-63
66. Naumann, E. (1993a) 'Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Commitment among Expatriate Managers', Group & Organization Management 18: 153-87
67. Naumann, E. (1993b) 'Organizational Predictors of Expatriate Job Satisfaction', Journal of International Business Studies 24: 61-80
68. Nicholson, N. (1984) 'A Theory of Work Role Transitions', Administrative Science Quarterly 29: 172-81
69. Nicholson, N. and Imaizumi, A. (1993) 'The Adjustment of Japanese Expatriates to Living and Working in Britain', British Journal of Management 4: 119-34
70. Oberg, K. (1960) 'Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments', Practical Anthropology 7: 177-82
71. Pinder, C. and Walter, G. (1984) 'Personnel Transfers and Employee Development', in K.M. Rowland and G.R. Ferris (eds) Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
72. Pruitt, F. (1978) 'The Adaptation of African Students to American Society', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2: 90-117
73. Rosenberg, M. (1968) The Logic of Survey Analysis. New York: Basic Books
74. Ruben, B.D. and Kealey, D.J. (1979) 'Behavioral Assessment of Communication Competency and the Prediction of Cross-cultural Adaptation', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 3: 15-47
75. Santos Nieves, L. (1998) 'Correlates of Cross-cultural Adjustment. A Study of American Diplomatic Expatriates Assigned to NAFTA Countries', Doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology
76. Searle, W. and Ward, C. (1990) 'The Prediction of Psychological and Sociocultural Adjustment During Cross-cultural Transitions', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 14: 449-64
77. Shaffer, M. and Harrison, D. (1998) 'Expatriates Psychological Withdrawal from International Assignments: Work, Nonwork, and Family Influences', Personnel Psychology 51: 87-118
78. Shaw, J. (1990) 'A Cognitive Categorization Model for the Study of Intercultural Management', Academy of Management Review 15: 626-45
79. Simard, L. (1981) 'Cross-cultural Interaction', Journal of Social Psychology 113: 171-92
80. Singh, A. (1963) 'Culture Shock, Language Shock, and the Shock of Self-Discovery', Practical Anthropology 10: 49-56
81. Solomon, C. (1996) 'One Assignment, Two Lives', Personnel Journal (May): 36-47
82. Stening, B. (1979) 'Problems of Cross-cultural Contact: A Literature Review', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 3: 269-313
83. Stening, B. and Hammer, M. (1992) 'Cultural Baggage and the Adaptation of Expatriate American and Japanese Managers', Management International Review 32: 77-89
84. Taft, R. (1986) 'The Psychological Study of the Adjustment and Adaptation of Immigrants to Australia', in N.T. Feather (ed.) Survey of the Australian Psychology: Trends for Research. Sydney: Allen and Unwin
85. Taveggia, T. (1974) 'Resolving Research Controversy through Empirical Cumulation', Sociological Methods and Research 2: 395-407
86. Thomas, J. and Trevino, L. (1993) 'Information Processing in Strategic Alliance Building: A Multiple Case Approach', Journal of Management Studies 30: 779-814
87. Torbiorn, I. (1982) Living Abroad: Personal Adjustment and Personnel Policy in the Overseas Setting. New York: Wiley
88. Tung, R. (1981) 'Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments', Columbia Journal of World Business (Spring): 68-78
89. Walton, S. (1990) 'Stress Management Training for Overseas Effectiveness', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 14: 507-27
90. Weisman, D. and Furnham, A. (1987) 'The Expectations and Experiences of a Sojourning Temporary Resident Abroad: A Preliminary Study', Human Relations 40: 313-26