Malaria prevention in The Gambia: Patterns of expenditure and determinants of demand at the household level

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 419-431

  Wiseman, V ^a   McElroy, B ^b   Conteh, L ^a   Stevens, W ^c  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^c MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LABORATORIES   (Gambia)

Author keywords

Determinants of expenditure; Economics; Household expenditure; Malaria prevention; Policy

Indexed keywords

HERBACEOUS AGENT; INSECTICIDE;

DISEASE CONTROL; EXPENDITURE; MALARIA;

AEROSOL; AGEISM; ARTICLE; BED NET; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GAMBIA; HEALTH CARE COST; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INCOME; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTERVIEW; MALARIA; OCCUPATION; RANDOMIZATION; SAMPLING; SEASON; SMOKE; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ADULT; AEROSOLS; BEDDING AND LINENS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GAMBIA; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; MALARIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEASONS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

AFRICA; GAMBIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 33645304044     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01586.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Agyepong IA Manderson L 1999 Mosquito avoidance and bed net use in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana Journal of Biosocial Science 31 79 92
2. Ahorlu C Dunyo S Afari E et al. 1997 Malaria: related beliefs and behaviour in southern Ghana: implications for treatment, prevention and control Tropical Medicine & International Health 2 488 499
3. Aikins MK Pickering H Alonso PL et al. 1993 A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, west Africa. 4. Perceptions of the causes of malaria and its treatment and prevention in the study area Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87 Suppl 2 25 30
4. Aikins MK Fox-Rushby J D'Alessandro U et al. 1998 The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme: costs, consequences and net cost-effectiveness Social Science & Medicine 46 181 191
5. Alaii JA Hawley WA Kolczak MS et al. 2003 Factors affecting use of permethrin-treated bed nets during a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68 137 141
6. Alilio AS Kitua A Njunwa K et al. 2004 Malaria control at the district level in Africa. The case of Muheza district in northeastern Tanzania The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71 Suppl. 2 205 213
7. Alonso PL Lindsay SW Armstrong-Schellenberg JR et al. 1993 A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, west Africa. The impact of the interventions on mortality and morbidity from malaria Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87 37 44
8. Ansari MA Sharma VP Razdan RK et al. 1990 Evaluation of certain mosquito repellents marketed in India Indian Journal of Malariology 27 57 64
9. Anya SE 2004 Seasonal variation in the risk and causes of maternal death in the Gambia: malaria appears to be an important factor The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 70 510 513
10. Asante FA Asenso-Okeyere K d'Almeida S et al. 2004 Economic burden of malaria in the Africa region: evidence from Ghana Communicable Diseases Bulletin for the African region 2 1 4
11. Binka FN Kubaje A Adjuik M et al. 1996 Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial Tropical Medicine & International Health 1 147 154
12. Binka FN Meusah OA Mills A 1997 The cost-effectiveness of permethrin impregnated bednets in preventing child mortality in Kassena-Naukana district of Northern Ghana Health Policy 41 229 239
13. Birley MH Mutero CM Turner IF et al. 1987 The effectiveness of mosquito coils containing esbiothrin under laboratory and field conditions Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 81 163 171
14. Bogh C Clarke SE Walraven GE et al. 2002 Zooprophylaxis, artefact or reality? A aired-cohort study of the effect of passive zooprophylaxis on malaria in The Gambia Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96 593 596
15. Buchinsky M 1994 Changes in the US wage structure, 163-1987: application of quantile regression Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 62 405 458
16. Coene J Ngimbi NP Mulumba MP et al. 1989 Ineffectiveness of mosquito coils in Kinshasa, Zaire Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83 568 569
17. Conteh L Wiseman V Matovu F et al. 2005 How much of a Household's Total Expenditure is on Health Care in Sub Saharan Africa International Health Economics Conference July 10-13th 2005 Barcelona, Spain
18. Curtis CF Myamba J Wilkes TJ 1996 Comparison of different insecticides and fabrics for anti-mosquito bednets and curtains Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10 1 11
19. D'Alessandro U Olaleye B Langerock P et al. 1997 The Gambian National Impregnated Bed Net Programme: evaluation of effectiveness by means of case control studies Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91 638 642
20. Deaton A 1997 The analysis of household surveys. A microeconometric approach to development policy John Hopkins Washington, DC, USA
21. Deaton A 2000 The Analysis of Household Surveys The John Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD, USA
22. Desfontaine M Gelas H Kouka Bemba D et al. 1989 Évaluation des pratiques et des coûts de lutte antivectorielle à l'échelon familial en Afrique Centrale. I. Ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun) Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique 82 558 565
23. Donnelly M McCall P Lengeler C et al. 2005 Malaria and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa Malaria Journal 4 12
24. Drakeley CJ Akim NI Sauerwein RW et al. 2000 Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94 472 476
25. Elphick H Elphick D 2003 Factors that contribute to the low use of bed nets in a malaria endemic zone of sub-Saharan Africa: a questionnaire survey in a rural population in Zambia Central African Journal of Medicine 49 87 89
26. Ettling M McFarland DA Schultz LJ et al. 1994 Economic impact of malaria in Malawian households Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 45 74 79
27. Feilden RM 1996 Experiences of Implementation In: Net Gain: A New Method for Preventing Malaria Deaths eds Lengeler C Cattani J de Savigny D IDRC/WHO Geneva pp 55 110
28. Filmer D Pritchett LH 2001 Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data - or tears: an application to educational enrolments in states of India Demography 38 155 132
29. Goodman CA Coleman PG Mills AJ 1999 Cost-effectiveness of malaria control in Sub-Saharan Africa Lancet 354 378 385
30. Goodman CA Mills AJ 1999 The evidence base on the cost-effectiveness of malaria control measures in Africa Health Policy and Planning 14 301 312
31. Goodman C Coleman P Mills A 2000 Economic Analysis of Malaria Control in Sub-Saharan Africa Global Forum for Health Research Geneva
32. Greenwood B 2004 The use of anti-malarial drugs to prevent malaria in the population of malaria-endemic areas The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 70 1 7
33. Guiguemde TR Dao F Curtis V et al. 1994 Household expenditure on malaria prevention and treatment for families in the town Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 285 287
34. Habluetzel A Diallo DA Esposito F et al. 1997 Do insecticide-impregnated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso Tropical Medicine & International Health 2 855 862
35. Hewitt SE Farhan M Urhaman H et al. 1996 Self-protection from malaria vectors in Pakistan: an evaluation of popular existing methods and appropriate new techniques in Afghan refugee communities Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 90 337 344
36. Guillet P Alnwick D Cham MK et al. 2001 Long-lasting treated mosquito nets: a breakthrough in malaria prevention Bulletin of World Health Organisation 79 998
37. Hanson K Goodman C Lines J et al. 2004 The Economics of Malaria Control Interventions 2004, Global Forum for Health Research Geneva
38. Keiser J Utzinger J Caldas de Castro M et al. 2004 Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa and implication for malaria control The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71 Suppl. 2 118 127
39. Klein R Weller S Zeissig R et al. 1995 Knowledge, beliefs and practices in relation to malaria transmission and vector control in Guatemala The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 52 383 388
40. Koenker R Bassett G 1978 Asymptotic theory of least absolute error regression Journal of the American Statistical Association 73 618 622
41. Koenker R Bassett G 1982 Robust tests for heteroskedasticity based on regression quantiles Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 50 43 61
42. Kumaranayake L Kurowski C Conteh L 2001 Costs of scaling up priority health interventions in low-income and selected middle-income countries: methodology and estimates London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (Working group 5 Paper 18)
43. Manning WG Mullahy J 2001 Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform Journal of Health Economics 20 461 492
44. McElroy B Wiseman V Conteh L et al. 2004 The Demand for Malaria Prevention in The Gambia Presentation to the Health Economics Study Group Glasgow
45. Macintyre K Keating J Sosler S et al. 2002 Examining the determinants of mosquito-avoidance practices in two Kenyan cities Malaria Journal 15 14
46. McKenzie D 2003 Measuring inequality with asset indicators Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development working paper no. 042: Centre for International Development Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
47. Medical Research Council 2004 Farafenni demographic surveillance system: Profile of the Farafenni DSS, The Gambia
48. Mosha FW Njau RJ Alfred J 1992 Efficacy of Esbiothrin mosquito coils at community level in northern Tanzania Medical and Veterinary Entomology 6 44 46
49. Muela SH Mushi AK Ribera JM 2000 The paradox of the cost and affordability of traditional and government health services in Tanzania Health Policy and Planning 15 296 302
50. Mugisha F Arinaitwe J 2003 Sleeping arrangements and mosquito net use among under-fives: results from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey Malaria Journal 2 40
51. Mulla MS Thavara U Tawatsin A et al. 2001 Mosquito burden and impact on the poor: measures and costs for personal protection in some communities in Thailand Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 17 153 159
52. Nevill CG Some ES Mung'ala VO et al. 1996 Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast Tropical Medicine & International Health 1 139 146
53. Nuwaha F 2001 Factors influencing the use of bed nets in Mbarara municipality of Uganda The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65 877 882
54. Nuwaha F 2002 People's perception of malaria in Mbarara, Uganda Tropical Medicine & International Health 7 462 470
55. Oguonu T Okafor HU Obu HA 2005 Caregivers's knowledge, attitude and practice on childhood malaria and treatment in urban and rural communities in Enugu, south-east Nigeria Public Health 119 409 414
56. Pates HV Miller JE Lines JD 1997 Can kerosene oil lamps be used for personal protection against mosquitoes Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91 251
57. Phillips-Howard PA Nahlen BL Kolczak MS et al. 2003 Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68 Suppl. 4 23 29
58. Picard J Aikins M Alonso PL et al. 1993 A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, west Africa. 8. Cost-effectiveness of bed net impregnation alone or combined with chemoprophylaxis in preventing mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87 Suppl. 2 53 57
59. Rashed S Johnson H Dongier P et al. 2000 Economic impact of febrile morbidity and use of permethrin-impregnated bed nets in a malarious area II. Determinants of febrile episodes and the costs of their treatment and malaria prevention The American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 62 181 186
60. Rayco-Solon P Fulford AJ Prentice AM 2005 Differential effects of seasonality on preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction in rural Africans American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 134 139
61. RBM 2004 Roll back malaria partnership concensus statement. Use of insecticide treated bed nets in pregnancy March 2004.
62. Robert V Macintyre K Keating J et al. 2003 Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68 169 176
63. Rowland M Freeman T Downey G et al. 2004 DEET mosquito repellent sold through social marketing provides personal protection against malaria in an area of all-night mosquito biting and partial coverage of insecticide-treated nets: a case-control study of effectiveness Tropical Medicine & International Health 9 343 350
64. Samuelsen H Toe LP Baldet T et al. 2004 Prevention of mosquito nuisance among urban populations in Burkino Faso Social Science & Medicine 59 2361 2371
65. Scott K Amenuvegbe B 1990 Effect of recall duration on reporting of household expenditures: an experimental study in Ghana Social Dimensions of Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Working Paper 6 World Bank Washington, DC
66. Simon JL Larson BA Zusman A et al. 2002 How will the reduction of tariffs and taxes on insecticide- treated bednets affect household purchases Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80 892 899
67. Snehalatha KS Ramaiah KD Vijay Kumar KN et al. 2003 The mosquito problem and type and costs of personal protection measures used in rural and urban communities in Pondicherry region, South India Acta Tropica 88 3 9
68. Snow RW Lindsay SW Hayes RJ et al. 1988 Permethrin-treated bed nets (mosquito nets) prevent malaria in The Gambia Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82 838 842
69. Snow RW Peshu N Forster D et al. 1998 Environmental and entomological risk factors for the development of clinical malaria among children on the Kenyan coast Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92 381 385
70. Snow RW Rowan KM Greenwood BM 1987 A trial of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of malaria in Gambian children Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81 563 567
71. Songsore J McGranahan G 1993 Environment, wealth and health: towards an analysis of intra-urban differentials within the greater accra metropolitan area, Ghana Environment and Urbanisation 5 10 34
72. Stephens C Masamu ET Kiama MG et al. 1995 Knowledge of mosquitos in relation to public and domestic control activities in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Tanga Bulletin of the World Health Organization 73 97 104
73. Thomson M Connor S Bennett S et al. 1996 Geographical perspectives on bednet use and malaria transmission in The Gambia, West Africa Social Science & Medicine 43 101 112
74. Turner A Angeles G Tsui A et al. 2001 Sampling Manual for Facility Surveys Measure Evaluation Manual Series, No.3. MEASURE Evaluation Project, USAID
75. UNICEF 2003 Scaling up the use of insecticide treated nets UNICEF Malaria Technical Note#5.
76. Van der Geest S 1992 Is paying for health care culturally acceptable in Sub-Sahara Africa? Money and tradition Social Science & Medicine 34 667 673
77. Warren M Billig P Bendahmane D et al. 1999 Malaria in urban and peri - urban areas in sub -Sahara Africa EHP Activity Report 71 q21
78. Winch PJ Makemba AM Kamazima SR et al. 1994 Seasonal variation in the perceived risk of malaria: implications for the promotion of insecticide-impregnated bed nets Social Science & Medicine 39 63 75
79. Wiseman V Hawley WA ter Kuile FO et al. 2003 The cost-effectiveness of permethrin-treated bednets in an area of intense malaria transmission in western Kenya The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68 161 167
80. Worrall E Basu S Hanson K 2003 The Relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Malaria: a Review of the Literature HEFP working paper 01/03, background paper prepared for Ensuring that malaria control interventions reach the poor, 5-6 September 2002, London, UK, 2003. q22
81. Yap HH Lee CY Chong NL et al. 1996 Performance of mosquito coils containing transfluthrin against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) in an urban squatter environment Tropical Biomedicine 13 101 103
82. Yohannes K Dulhunty JM Kourleoutov C et al. 2000 Malaria control in central Malaita, Solomon Islands. 1. The use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets Acta Tropica 75 173 183