Recommendations for water safety and drowning prevention for travelers

Journal of Travel Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 21-34

  Cortés, Leslie M ^a,b   Hargarten, Stephen W ^a   Hennes, Halim M ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b NONE   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; COUNSELING; DIVING; DROWNING; HUMAN; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY; SWIMMING; TRAVEL;

DROWNING; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; SAFETY MANAGEMENT; TRAVEL; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 33645303997     PISSN: 11951982     EISSN: 17088305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00002.x     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Peden M McGee K Sharma G. The injury chart book: a graphical overview of the global burden of injuries. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 2002.
2. Vyrostek SB Annest JL Ryan GW. Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, USA. Nonfatal and fatal drownings in recreational water settings - United States, 2001-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004 53 447 452.
3. Geddis DC. The exposure of pre-school children to water hazards and the incidence of potential drowning accidents. N Z Med J 1984 97 223 226.
4. Wintemute JG. Childhood drowning and near-drowning in the United States. Am J Dis Child 1990 144 663 669.
5. Spyker DA. Submersion injury: epidemiology, prevention and management. Pediatr Clin North Am 1985 32 113 125.
6. Cornall P Howie S Sumner V et al. Drowning of British children abroad. Seventh World conference on injury prevention and safety promotion 2004 Jun 6-9 Vienna Convention Center Vienna, Austria. Available at http://www.safety2004. info/final_programme.php Accessed 2005 Apr 11
7. Fenner P. Drowning awareness. Prevention and treatment. Aust Fam Physician 2000 29 1045 1049.
8. Lindholm P Steensberg J. Epidemiology of unintentional drowning and near-drowning in Denmark in 1995. Inj Prev 2000 6 29 31.
9. Hargarten SW Baker TD Guptill K. Overseas fatalities of United States citizens travelers: an analysis of deaths related to international travel. Ann Emerg Med 1991 Jun 20 6.
10. Hargarten S Maas L. Injury fatalities to international travelers: an endemic problem. Fifth World Conference in Injury Prevention 2000 Mar 5-8 New Delhi, India.
11. Cortes L Hargarten S Hennes H. Trends of injuries to U.S. International travelers. Seventh World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion 2004 Jun 6-9 Vienna Convention Center Vienna, Austria. Abstract presented by Guse C. Available at http://www.safety2004.info/final_programme.php Accessed 2005 Apr 11
12. Cortes L Guse C Hennes H Hargarten S. Fatal injuries of U.S. international travelers: revisiting an endemic problem. Eighth Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine 2003 May 7-11 New York. Published Abstract Free Communications p 3. Available at www.istm.org/talley/Abstracts- Free_Communications.pdf Accessed 2005 Apr 11
13. Guse CE Cortes LM Hargarten SW Hennes HM. Injury deaths to US citizens abroad. Injury and violence in America Conference 2005 May 10 Denver, Colorado.
14. Guptill KS Hargarten SW Baker TD. American travel deaths in Mexico. Causes and prevention strategies. West J Med 1991 154 169 171.
15. Brenner RA Smith GS Overpeck MD. Divergent trends in childhood drowning rates, 1971 through 1988. JAMA 1994 271 1606 1608.
16. Quan L Gore EJ Wentz K et al. Ten-year study of pediatric drownings and near-drownings in King County Washington lessons in injury prevention. Pediatrics 1989 83 1035 1040.
17. Wintemute GJ Kraus JF Teret SP Wright M. Drowning in childhood and adolescence: a population-based study. Am J Public Health 1987 77 830 832.
18. Pearn JH Wong RY Brown J et al. Drowning and near-drowning involving children: a five-year total population study from the city and county of Honolulu. Am J Public Health 1979 69 450 454.
19. Lunetta P Smith GS Penttila A Sajantila A. Unintentional drowning in Finland 1970-2000: a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol 2004 33 1063 1064.
20. Tan RM. The epidemiology and prevention of drowning in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2004 45 324 329.
21. Kyriacou DN Arcinue EL Peek C Kraus JF. Effect of immediate resuscitation on children with submersion injury. Pediatrics 1994 94 137 142.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Motor vehicle occupant injury: strategies for increasing the use of child safety seats, increasing use of safety belts, and reducing alcohol-impaired driving: a report on recommendations of the task force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001 50 RR-7 1 13.
23. Dinh-Zarr TB Sleet DA Shults RA et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety belts. Am J Prev Med 2001 21 Suppl 4 48 65.
24. Hargarten SW Baker SP. Fatalities in the Peace Corps - a retrospective study: 1962 through 1983. JAMA 1985 254 1326 1329.
25. Krug EG Sharma GK Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. Am J Public Health 2000 90 523 526.
26. Odero W Garner P Zwi A. Alcohol and road traffic accidents in developing countries: a review of the evidence. Trop Med Int Health 1997 2 445 450.
27. Roberts I Bunn F Wentz R. How can we discover what works in the prevention of road traffic crashes?. BMC News and Views 2001 2 1.
28. Shults R Elder RW Sleet DA et al. Am J Prev Med 2001 21 Suppl 4 66 88.
29. Smith GS Keyl PM Hadley JA et al. Drinking and recreational boating fatalities, a population-based case control study. JAMA 2001 286 2974 2980.
30. The Cochrane Injuries Group Driver Education Reviewers. Evidence based road safety: the Driving Standards Agency's schools programme. Lancet North Am Ed 2001 358 230 232.
31. Zaza S Sleet DA Thompson RS et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats. Am J Prev. Med 2001 21 Suppl 4 31 47.
32. Zaza S Thompson RS eds. The guide to community prevention services: reducing injuries to motor vehicle occupants. Systematic reviews of evidence, recommendations from the task force on Community Preventive Services and Expert Commentary. Am J Prev Med (Whole issue) 2001 Nov 21 Suppl 4
33. Macpherson DW. Evidence-based medicine. CCDR 1994 20 145 147.
34. Wilson MH Baker SP Teret SP et al. Saving children. A guide to injury prevention. New York Oxford University Press 1991.
35. Current travel warnings from the US Department of State. Available at http://travel.state.gov/travel/warnings_current.html Accessed 2005 Apr 11
36. Counselor information sheets from the US Department of State. Available at http://travel.state.gov/travel/warnings_counsular.html Accessed 2005 Apr 11
37. Current public announcements from the US Department of State. Available at http://travel.state.gov/travel/new_pa_list.htm Accessed 2005 Apr 11
38. Country-specific travel-related health information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/ Accessed 2005 Apr 11
39. Browne ML Lewis-Michl EL Stark AD. Watercraft-related drownings among New York state residents, 1998-1994. Public Health Rep 2003 118 459 463.
40. Browne ML Lewis-Michl EL Stark AD. Unintentional drownings among New York state residents, 1988-1994. Public Health Rep 2003 118 448 458.
41. Anonymous. Drowning - Louisianna, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001 May 50 3 4.
42. Quan L Bennett E Cummings F et al. Are life vests worn? A multiregional observational study of personal floatation device use in small boats. Inj Prev 1998 4 203 205.
43. US Coast Guard Web site. Available at http://www.uscgboating.org/ regulations/Nasbla_Ref_Guide_6.pdf Accessed 2005 Apr 11
44. DeMers G. To dive or not to dive: what depth is safe?. JOPERD 1994 65 12 22.
45. Samples P. Spinal cord injuries: the high cost of careless diving. Phys Sportsmed 1989 17 143 148.
46. Damjan H Turk PR. Prevention of spinal injuries from diving in Slovenia. Paraplegia 1995 33 246 249.
47. Bhide VM Edmonds VE Tator CH. Prevention of spinal cord injuries caused by diving: evaluation of the distribution and usage of a diving safety video in high schools (process evaluation). Inj Prev 2000 6 154 156.
48. Brenner RA Committee on Injury, Violence and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2003 112 440 445. Full text availabale at http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 112/440 Accessed 2005 Apr 11
49. American Academy of Pediatrics. Prevention of drowning in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2003 112 437 439.
50. Manolios N Mackie J. Drowning and near-drowning on Australian beaches patrolled by life-savers - a 10 year study, 1973-1992. Med J Aust. 1988 148 165 171.
51. Fenner PJ Harrison SL Williamson JA Williamson BD. Success of surf lifesaving resuscitations in Queensland, 1973-1992. Med J Aust 1995 163 580 583.
52. Branche CM Stewart S eds. Lifeguard effectiveness: a report of the working group. Atlanta, GA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 2001.
53. Goh SH Low BY. Drowning and near-drowning - some lessons learnt. Ann Acad Med Singap 1999 28 183 188.
54. US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Safety barrier guidelines for home pools. CPSC Publ. No. 362. Available at http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/Pool. pdf Accessed 2004 Oct 20
55. World Congress on drowning resolutions. Available at www.drowning.nl Accessed 2004 Oct 29
56. American Academy of Pediatrics on Injury and Poisoning Prevention. Drowning in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1993 92 292 294.
57. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Committee on Injury and Poisoning Prevention. Swimming programs for infants and toddlers. Pediatrics 2000 105 868 870.
58. Bell NS Howland J Mangione TW Senier L. Boater training, drinking and boating and other unsafe boating practices. J Drug Educ 2000 30 467 482.
59. Glover ED Lane S Wang MQ. Relationship of alcohol consumption and recreational boating in Beaufort County. North Carolina. J Drug Educ 1995 25 149 157.
60. Branche CM Conn JM Annest JL. Personal watercraft related injuries. A growing public health concern. JAMA 1997 278 663 665.
61. Molberg PJ Hopkins RS Paulson J Gunn RA. Fatal incident risk factors in recreational boating in Ohio. Public Health Rep 1993 108 340 346.
62. Present P. Child drowning study: a report on the epidemiology of drownings in residential pools to children under age five. Washington, DC US Consumer Product Safety Commission 1987.
63. Suominen P Baillie C Korpela R et al. Impact of age, submersion time, and water temperature on outcome in near drowning. Resuscitation 2002 52 247 254.
64. Divers Alert Web site. Available at http://www.diversalertnetwork.org Accessed 2004 Oct 23
65. Divers Alert Web site. Available at http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/ medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=14 Accessed 2004 Oct 23
66. DeNicola LK Falk JL Swanson ME et al. Submersion injuries in children and adults. Crit Care Clin 1997 13 477 502 Review
67. Grenfell R. Drowning management and prevention. Aust Fam Physician 2003 32 990 993 Journal Article Review
68. Smith GS Brenner RA. The changing role of drowning for adolescents in the US and effective control strategies. Adolesc Med 1995 6 135 170.
69. Quan L. Near-drowning. Pediatr Rev 1999 20 255 259 Quiz 260
70. Quan L. Drowning issues in resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 1993 22 366 369.
71. Idris AH. Basic life support for the submersion victim. World congress on drowning prevention, rescue and treatment. 2004 Available at http://www.drowning.nl Accessed 2004 Oct 29
72. Pearn JH Nixon J Wilkey I. Freshwater drowning and near-drowning accidents involving children: a five-year total population study. Med J Aust 1976 2 942 946.
73. Weinberg HD. Prognostic variables in nearly drowned, comatose children. Am J Dis Child 1986 140 329 Letter
74. Allman FD Nelson WB Pacentine GA McComb G. Outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in severe pediatric near-drowning. Am J Dis Child 1986 140 571 575.
75. Peterson B. Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. Pediatrics 1977 59 364 370.
76. NIAAA recommendations for safe drinking. Available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/faq/q-a.htm#question13 Accessed 2004 Oct 29
77. Mengert P Sussman E DiSario R. A study of the relationship between the risk of fatality and blood alcohol concentration of recreational boat operators. Washington, DC US Coast Guard 1992.
78. Cummings P Quan L. Trends in unintentional drowning: the role of alcohol and medical care. JAMA 1999 281 2198 2202.
79. Howland J Mangione T Hingson R et al. Alcohol as a risk factor for drowning and other aquatic injuries. In Watson RR ed. Alcohol, cocaine, and accidents. Drugs and alcohol abuse reviews. Vol 7. Totowa, NH Humana Press Inc 1995 85 104.
80. Hingson R Howland J. Alcohol and non-traffic unintended injuries. Addiction 1993 88 877 833.
81. Driscoll TR Harrison JA Steenkamp M. Review of the role of alcohol in drowning associated with recreational aquatic activity. Inj Prev 2004 10 107 113.
82. Howland J Higgins R. Alcohol as a risk factor for drownings: a review of the literature (1950-1985). Accid Anal Prev 1988 20 19 25.
83. Smith G Barnas C Miller T. Fatal non-traffic injuries involving alcohol: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 1999 33 659 668.
84. Bell NS Amoroso PJ Yore MM et al. Alcohol and other risk factors for drowning among male active duty U.S. army soldiers. Aviat Space Environ Med 2001 72 1086 1095.
85. Thompson DC Rivara FP. Pool fencing for preventing drowning in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000 2 CD001855.
86. Blum C Shield J. Toddler drowning in domestic swimming pools. Inj Prev 2000 6 288 290. Available at http://ip.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/6/4/288 Accessed 2005 Apr 11
87. Whitfield T. An evaluation of swimming pool alarms. Washington, DC Consumer Product Safety Commission 2001.
88. Brenner RA Saluja G Smith GS. Swimming lessons, swimming ability, and the risk of drowning. Inj Control Saf Promot 2003 10 211 216 Review
89. Smith GS. Drowning prevention in children, the need for new strategies. Inj Prev 1995 1 216 217.
90. Barss P. Cautionary notes on teaching water safety skills. Inj Prev 1995 1 218 219.
91. International Maritime Organization. International Convention for the safety of life at sea. Available at www.imo.org/home.asp Accessed 2005 Mar 17
92. Robertson LS. Injuries: causes, control strategies and public policy. Lexington, MA Lexington Books 1983.
93. Brenner RA. Childhood drowning is a global concern. BMJ 2002 324 1049 1050 Comment, Editorial
94. Asher KN Rivara FP Felix D et al. Water safety training as a potential means of reducing risk of young children's drowning. Inj Prev 1995 1 228 233.
95. Parker HE Blanksby BA. Starting age and aquatic skill learning in young children: mastery of prerequisite water confidence and basic aquatic locomotion skills. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1997 29 83 87.
96. Erbaugh SJ. Effects of aquatic training on swimming skill development of preschool children. Percept Mot Skills 1986 62 439 446.
97. Blanksby BA Parker HE Bradley S Ong V. Children's readiness for learning front crawl swim. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1995 27 34 37.
98. Hogg N Kilpatrick J Ruddock P. The teaching of swimming: an Australian approach. Victoria, Australia Landmark Educational Supplies 1983.
99. Bernard AR Griswold WS. A study of Louisiana's recreational boating safety program. Recreational Boating Systems Inc 1994.
100. Perkins R. Evaluation of an Alaskan marine safety training program. Public Health Rep 1995 110 701 702.
101. Harborview Injury Control Research Center. Drowning prevention strategies. http://depts.washington.edu/hiprc/practices/topic/drowning/index. html Accessed 2004 Oct 27
102. Colon I. The role of tourism in alcohol-related highway fatalities. Int J Addict 1985 20 577 582.