Thoracic pedicle screw placement: Free-hand technique

Neurology India

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 512-519

  Kim, Yongjung J ^a   Lenke, Lawrence G ^a,b  

^a 11300 West Pavilion ^*  (United States)

^b 11300 West Pavilion   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; DEVICE REMOVAL; HUMAN; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PARAPLEGIA; PARESIS; PEDICLE SCREW; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; REVIEW; SALVAGE THERAPY; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION; SPINE STABILIZATION; STEROID THERAPY; SURGICAL ANATOMY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THORACIC SPINE; THORAX PAIN; TREATMENT FAILURE; VASCULAR DISEASE; VERTEBRA;

EID: 33645303790     PISSN: 00283886     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.22622     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Liljenqvist U, Hackenberg L, Link T, Halm H. Pullout strength of pedicle screws versus pedicle and laminar hooks in the thoracic spine. Acta Orthop Belg 2001;67:157-63.
2. Krag MH, Weaver DL, Beynnon BD, Haugh LD. Morphometry of the thoracic and lumbar spine related to transpedicular screw placement for surgical spinal fixation. Spine 1988;13:1988.
3. Vaccaro AB, Rizzolo SJ, Allardyce TJ, Ramsey M, Salvo J, Balderston RA, et al. Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Part I: Morphometric analysis of the thoracic vertebrae. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77:1193-9.
4. Krag MH, Beynnon BD, Pope MH, Frymoyer JW, Haugh LD, Weaver DL. An internal fixator for posterior application to short segments of the thoracic, lumbar, or lumbosacral spine. Design and testing. Clin Orthop 1986;203:75-98.
5. Liljenqvist U, Lepsien U, Hackenberg L, Niemeyer T, Halm H. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw and hook instrumentation in posterior correction and fusion of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 2002;11:336-43.
6. Misenhimer GR, Peek RD, Wiltse LL, Rothman SL, Widell EH Jr. Anatomic analysis of pedicle cortical and cancellous diameter as related to screw size. Spine 1989;14:367-72.
7. Ugur HC, Attar A, Uz A, Tekdemir I, Egemen N, Gene Y. Thoracic pedicle: surgical anatomic evaluation and relations. J Spinal Disord 2001;14:39-45.
8. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, et al. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A matched cohort analysis. Spine SRS Issue 2004;29S:2040-8.
9. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim J, Cho SK. Selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Lenke type 1 and 2) following segmental posterior spinal fusion, Poster presentation by North America Spine Society annual meeting: Chicago; October 2004.
10. Suk SI, Lee CK, Kim WJ, Chung YJ, Park YB. Segmental pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1995;20:1399-405.
11. Cinotti G, Gumina S, Ripani M, Postacchini F. Pedicle instrumentation in the thoracic spine. A morphometric and cadaveric study for placement of screws. Spine 1999;24:114-9.
12. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke KM, Baldus CR. The use of pedicle screw fixation to improve correction in the lumbar spine of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Is it warranted? Spine 1996;21:1241-9.
13. Liljenqvist UR, Halm HF, Link TM. Pedicle screw instrumentation of the thoracic spine in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1997;22:2239-45.
14. Suk SI, Kim WJ, Lee SM, Kim JH, Chung ER. Thoracic pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformities: are they really safe? Spine 2001;26:2049-57.
15. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Schootman M. Thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves between 70 and 100 degrees: Is anterior release necessary? Spine, SRS Issue 2005 (Accepted December 2004).
16. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Schootman M. Cost analysis of circumferential fusion versus posterior fusion-only with thoracic pedicle screw constructs of 70-100 degree idiopathic thoracic curves. SRS 2005 (Submitted).
17. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach: Minimum 5 year follow-up (Accepted in JBJS Am. 2004).
18. Lee SM, Suk SI, Chung ER. Direct vertebral rotation: a new technique of three-dimensional deformity correction with segmental pedicle screw fixation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2004;29:343-9.
19. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G. Bilateral apical vertebral derotational pedicle screw instrumentation in the posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Comparison with pedicle screw translational techniques. Podium presentation, International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technology Annual Meeting: Bermuda; 2004.
20. Brown CA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Geideman WM, Hasan SA, Blanke KM. Complications of pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws. Spine 1998;23:1566-71.
21. Levine DS, Dugas JR, Tarantino SJ, Boachie-Adjei O. Chance fracture after pedicle screw fixation. A case report. Spine 1998;23:382-5.
22. Heini P, Scholl E, Wyler D, Eggli S. Fatal cardiac tamponade associated with posterior spinal instrumentation. A case report. Spine 1998;23:2226-30.
23. Papin P, Arlet V, Marchesi D, Rosenblatt B, Aebi M. Unusual presentation of spinal cord compression related to misplaced pedicle screws in thoracic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 1999;8:156-9.
24. Alanay A, Cil A, Acaroglu E, Caglar O, Akgun R, Marangoz S, et al. Late spinal cord compression caused by pulled-out thoracic pedicle screws: A case report. Spine 2003;28:E506-10.
25. Minor ME, Morrissey NJ, Peress R, Carroccio A, Ellozy S, Agarwal G, et al. Endovascular treatment of an iatrogenic thoracic aortic injury after spinal instrumentation: case report. J Vasc Surg 2004;39:893-6.
26. Kasten M, Kambach B. Proximal thoracic pedicle screw complications: Fracture with spinal cord injury. Podium presentation, Scoliosis Research Society 2004 annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 2004.
27. Zindrick MR, Wiltse LL, Widell EH, Thomas JC, Holland WR, Field BT, et al. A biomechanical study of intrapeduncular screw fixation in the lumbosacral spine. Clin Orthop 1986;203:99-112.
28. Panjabi MM, Takata K, Goel V, Federico D, Oxland T, Duranceau J, et al. Thoracic human vertebrae. Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy. Spine 1991;16:888-901.
29. Hou S, Hu R, Shi Y. Pedicle morphology of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine in a Chinese population. Spine 1993;18:1850-5.
30. Kothe R, O'Holleran JD, Liu W, Panjabi MM. Internal architecture of the thoracic pedicle. An anatomic study. Spine 1996;21:264-70.
31. Hou S, Hu R, Shi Y. Pedicle morphology of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine in a Chinese population. Spine 1993;18:1850-5.
32. rd, Kothe R. Complexity of the thoracic spine pedicle anatomy. Eur Spine J 1997;6:19-24.
33. Ebraheim NA, Xu R, Ahmad M, Yeasting RA. Projection of the thoracic pedicle and its morphometric analysis. Spine 1997;22:233-8.
34. Ebraheim NA, Jabaly G, Xu R, Yeasting RA. Anatomic relations of the thoracic pedicle to the adjacent neural structures. Spine 1997;22:1553-7.
35. Ebraheim NA, Xu R, Darwich M, Yeasting RA. Anatomic relations between the lumbar pedicle and the adjacent neural structures. Spine 1997;22:2338-41.
36. Hirano T, Hasegawa K, Takahashi HE, Uchiyama S, Hara T, Washio T, et al. Structural characteristics of the pedicle and its role in screw stability. Spine 1997;22:2504-9;discussion 10.
37. Liljenqvist UR, Link TM, Halm HF. Morphometric analysis of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2000;25:1247-53.
38. Zindrick MR, Knight GW, Sartori MJ, Carnevale TJ, Patwardhan AG, Lorenz MA. Pedicle morphology of the immature thoracolumbar spine. Spine 2000;25:2726-35.
39. McLain RF, Ferrara L, Kabins M. Pedicle morphometry in the upper thoracic spine: limits to safe screw placement in older patients. Spine 2002;27:2467-71.
40. Parent S, Labelle H, Skalli W, de Guise J. Thoracic pedicle morphometry in vertebrae from scoliotic spines. Spine 2004;29:239-48.
41. Tan SH, Teo EC, Chua HC. Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of Chinese Singaporeans. Eur Spine J 2004;13:137-46.
42. Datir SP, Mitra SR. Morphometric study of the thoracic vertebral pedicle in an Indian population. Spine 2004;29:1174-81.
43. Sjostrom L, Jacobsson O, Karlstrom G, Pech P, Rauschning W. CT analysis of pedicles and screw tracts after implant removal in thoracolumbar fractures. J Spinal Disord 1993;6:225-31.
44. Rinella AS, Cahill P, Ghanayem A, et al. Thoracic pedicle expansion after pedicle screw placement in a pediatric cadaveric spine. Podium presentation, Scoliosis Research Society 2004 annual meeting, Buenos Aires: Argentina; September 2004.
45. Polly DW Jr, Potter BK, Kuklo TR, Young S, Johnson C, Klemme WR. Volumetric spinal canal intrusion: a comparison between thoracic pedicle screws and thoracic hooks. Spine 2004;29:63-9.
46. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Riew KD. CT scan accuracy of "Free Hand" pedicle screw placement technique in spinal deformity: An analysis of 789 pedicle screws, Podium presentation. International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technology Annual Meeting: Bermuda; July 1-3, 2004.
47. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho YS, Kim CH. Determination of reliable anatomical landmarks in a rotated spine using plain radiographs: A radiographic study of 5 cadavers to define the midvertebral body line, Scoliosis Research Society 2005 Annual meeting (Submitted).
48. Roy-Camille RR, Saillant G, Mazel C. Internal fixation of the lumbar spine with pedicle screw plating. Clin Orthop 1986;203:7-12.
49. Vaccaro AR, Rizzolo SJ, Balderston RA, Allardyce TJ, Garfin SR, Dolinskas C, et al. Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Part II: An anatomical and radiographic assessment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77:1200-6.
50. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho YS, Riew KD. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine:Is it safe? SRS Specialty Issue, Spine 2004;29:333-42.
51. Lehman RA Jr, Polly DW Jr, Kuklo TR, Cunningham B, Kirk KL, Belmont PJ Jr. Straight-forward versus anatomic trajectory technique of thoracic pedicle screw fixation: A biomechanical analysis. Spine 2003;28:2058-65.
52. George DC, Krag MH, Johnson CC, Van Hal ME, Haugh LD, Grobler LJ. Hole preparation techniques for transpedicular screws. Effect on pull-out strength from human cadaveric vertebrae. Spine 1991;16:181-4.
53. Kuklo TR, Lehman RA Jr. Effect of various tapping diameters on insertion of thoracic pedicle screws:a biomechanical analysis. Spine 2003;28:2066-71.
54. Kuklo TR, Potter B, Polly DW Jr, Lenke LG. Corrective capacity of monoaxial versus Multiaxial thoracic pedicle screw in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Podium presentation, Scoliosis Research Society 2004 annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 2004.
55. Lehman RA, Potter BK, Kuklo TR, Chang AS, Polly DW Jr, Shawen SB, et al. Probing for thoracic pedicle screw tract violation(s):is it valid? J Spinal Disord Tech 2004;17:277-83.
56. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Riew D. Evaluation of pedicle screw placement in the deformed spine using intraoperative plain radiographs: A comparison, with CT scans. Spins, SRS Specialty Issue 2005 (Accepted).
57. Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Raynor BL, Long J, Bridwell KH, Padberg AM. Triggered electromyographic threshold for accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement in a porcine model. Spine 2001;26:2485-9.
58. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Hanson DS, Wilson-Holden TJ, Bridwell KH, et al. Can triggered EMG thresholds accurately predict Thoracic pedicle screw placement? Spine 2002;27:2030-5.
59. Danesh-Clough T, Taylor P, Hodgson, Walton M. The use of evoked EMG in detecting misplaced thoracolumbar pedicle screws. Spine 2001;26:1313-6.
60. Reidy DP, Houlden D, Nolan PC, Kim M, Finkelstein JA. Evaluation of electromyographic monitoring during insertion of thoracic pedicle screws. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001;83:1009-14.
61. Kim YJ, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Riew KD. Reliability of In-Vivo Triggered EMGs Thresholds in detecting medial malposition of pedicle screws: Comparison between the thoracic and lumbar Spine, Poster presentation by International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technology Annual meeting: Bermuda; July 1-3, 2004.
62. Lehman RA Jr, Kuklo TR. Use of the anatomic trajectory for thoracic pedicle screw salvage after failure/violation using the straight-forward technique: A biomechanical analysis. Spine 2003;28:2072-7.
63. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Riew KD. Defining the learning curve of free hand pedicle screw placement for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: Sixty-seven consecutive cases. Poster presentation International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technology Annual Meeting: Bermuda; July 1-3, 2004.
64. Gertzbein SD, Robbins SE. Accuracy of pedicular screw placement in vivo. Spine 1990;15:11-4.
65. Belmont PJ, Klemme WR, Dhawan A, Polly DW Jr. In vivo accuracy of thoracic pedicle screws. Spine 2001;26:2340-6.
66. Youkilis AS, Quint DJ, McGillicuddy JE, Papadopoulos SM. Stereotactic navigation for placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Neurosurgery 2001;48:771-9.
67. Gayet LE, Pries P, Hamcha H, Clarac JP, Texereau J. Biomechanical study and digital modeling of traction resistance in posterior thoracic implants. Spine 2002;27:707-14.