Fritz Reiche and the emergency committee in aid of displaced foreign scholars

Physics in Perspective

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 453-472

  Bederson, Benjamin ^a,b  

^a POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY   (United States)

Author keywords

Albert Einstein; Alvin S. Johnson; Clemens Schaefer; Edward R. Murrow; Fritz Houtermans; Fritz Reiche; Harlow Shapley; Hartmut Kallmann; Max Planck; New York University; Philipp Lenard; Rudolf Ladenburg; Siegfried Ochs; University of Berlin; University of Breslau

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645285322     PISSN: 14226944     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00016-005-0245-3     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Benjamin Bederson, "SEDs at Los Alamos: A Personal Memoir," Physics in Perspective 3 (2001), 52-75; especially p. 57.
2. "Lebenslauf von Prof. Fritz Reiche," 9 pp. Posted on my wehsite 〈www.bederson.org/bensr/Reiche.doc〉. I am indebted to Reiche's daughter, Eve Reiche Bergmann, for sending me a copy of this personal memoir.
3. "Lebenslauf von Prof. Fritz Reiche," 9 pp. 〈www.bederson. org/bensr/Reiche.doc〉. Ibid.
4. Scott Walter, "Minkowski, Mathematicians, and the Mathematical Theory of Relativity," in Hubert Goenner, Jürgen Renn, Jim Ritter, and Tilman Sauer, ed., The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity [Einstein Studies, Vol. 7] (Boston, Basel, Berlin: Birkhäuser, 1999), pp. 45-86; on p. 48.
5. A. Einstein, "Über die Entwickelung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung," Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909), 817-825;
6. A. Einstein, "Discussion," Physikalische Zeitschrift, ibid., 825-826;
7. reprinted (with notes) in John Stachel, ed., The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 2. The Swiss Years: Writings, 1900-1909 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), pp. 482-586.
8. Hans Reiche, "A Personal Reminiscence of my Father" (undated), 1-6. I am indebted to Eve Reiche Bergmann for sending me a copy of her brother's reminiscence.
9. A. Einstein, et al., "Diskussion" [at 86th meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ãrzte in Bad Nauheim, September 23-24, 1920] Physikalische Zeitschrift 21 (1920), 650-651, 662, 666-668;
10. reprinted in Michel Janssen, Robert Schulmann, Jósef Illy, Christoph Lehner, and Diana Kormos Buchwald, ed., The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 7. The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918-1921 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002), pp. 351-356.
11. Clemens Schaefer, "Fritz Reiche 75 Jahre," Physikalische Blätter 14 (1958), 315-317; on 316.
12. Werner Kuhn, "Über die Gesamtstärke der von einem Zustande ausgehenden Absorptionslinien," Zeitschrift für Physik 33 (1925), 408-412;
13. Fritz Reiche and Willy Thomas, "Über die Zahl der Dispersionselektronen, die einem stationären Zustand zugeordnet sind," Zeitschrift für Physik, ibid. 34 (1925), 510-525.
14. H. Kallmann and F. Reiche, "Über den Durchgang bewegter Moleküle durch inhomogene Kraftfelder," Zeitschrift für Physik 6 (1921), 352-375.
15. Fritz Reiche, Die Quantentheorie: Ihr Ursprung und ihre Entwicklung (Berlin: Verlag von Julius Springer, 1921);
16. trans. H.S. Hatfield and Henry L. Brose, The Quantum Theory: Its Origin and Development (London: Methuen, 1922, Second Edition 1924, Third Edition 1930).
17. Quoted in Raymond J. Seeger, "Yukawa: Naturalist and Traveler," Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 40 (1988), 168.
18. Klaus Hentschel, ed., Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1996), pp. 21-24.
19. Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources, Ibid., pp. lv;
20. Peter Kröner, ed., Vor fünfzig Jahren: Die Emigration deutschsprachiger Wissenschaftler 1933-1939 (Münster: Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 1983).
21. Rudolf Ladenburg's dedication to the refugee problem has been described by Yardley Beers, "Ladenburg and Einstein - and the Education of a Ph.D." (undated), 20 pp. I am indebted to Professor Beers for sending me a copy of his unpublished memoir.
22. Thomas Powers, Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb (New York: Knopf, 1993), pp. 103-109.
23. Iosif B. Khriplovich, "The Eventful Life of Fritz Houtermans," Physics Today 45 (July 1992), 29-37;
24. Edoardo Amaldi, "The adventurous life of Friedrich Georg Houtermans," in Giovanni Battimelli and Giovanni Paoloni, ed., 20th Century Physics: Essays and Recollections. A Selection of Histori cal Writings by Edoardo Amaldi (Singapore: World Scientific, 1998), pp. 592-695;
25. and Konrad Landrock, "Friedrich Georg Houtermans - Ein bedeutender Physiker des 20. Jahrhunderts," Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 56, no. 4 (2003), 187-199.
26. For an obituary, see M. Päsler, "Fritz Reiche," Physikalische Blätter 25 (1969), 178.
27. An early account is Stephen Duggan and Betty Drury, The Rescue of Science and Learning: The Story of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars (New York: Macmillan, 1948);
28. another valuable account is Charles John Wetzel, "The American Rescue of Refugee Scholars and Scientists from Europe 1933-1945," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1964, especially pp. 134-181.
29. For accounts see, for example, Charles Weiner, 'A New Site for the Seminar: The Refugees and American Physics in the Thirties," in Donald Fleming and Bernard Bailyn, ed., The Intellectual Migration: Europe and America, 1930-1960 (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969), pp. 190-234;
30. Laura Fermi. Illustrious Immigrants: The Intellectual Migration from Europe 1930-41 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968);
31. and Roger H. Stuewer, "Nuclear Physicists in a New World: The Émigrés of the 1930s in America," Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 7 (1984), 23-40.
32. Szilard to Breit, n.d. [probably 1938], Emergency Committee Archives, Einstein Box; posted on my Reiche website (ref. 2).
33. Wetzel, "American Rescue" (ref. 19), pp. 182-236.
34. Annual Report, 1934, Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars, Emergency Committee Archives, New York Public Library, Box 168.
35. Guide to the Records of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars, Historical Note, website 〈www.nypl.org/research/chss/spe/ rbk/faids/Emergency/〉.
36. Reiche, "Lebenslauf" (ref. 2).