Data gathering: Biased in psychosis?

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 341-351

  Van Dael, Frank ^a   Versmissen, Dagmar ^a,b   Janssen, Ilse ^a,b   Myin Germeys, Inez ^a,b   Van Os, Jim ^a,c   Krabbendam, Lydia ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b Mondriaan Zorggroep   (Netherlands)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cognition disorder; Delusion; Family; Neuropsychology; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELUSION; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; PSYCHOSIS; RELATIVE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); COGNITION DISORDERS; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 33645214881     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbj021     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Garety PA, Freeman D. Cognitive approaches to delusions: a critical review of theories and evidence. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999;38:113-154.
2. Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington PE. A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychol Med. 2001;31:189-195.
3. Colbert SM, Peters ER. Need for closure and jumping-to-conclusions in delusion-prone individuals. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002;190:27-31.
4. Linney YM, Peters ER, Ayton P. Reasoning biases in delusion-prone individuals. Br J Clin Psychol. 1998;37:285-302.
5. Dudley RE, John CH, Young AW, Over DE. The effect of self-referent material on the reasoning of people with delusions. Br J Clin Psychol. 1997;36:575-584.
6. Dudley RE, John CH, Young AW, Over DE. Normal and abnormal reasoning in people with delusions. Br J Clin Psychol. 1997;36:243-258.
7. Dudley RE, Over DE. People with delusions jump to conclusions: a theoretical account of research findings on the reasoning of people with delusions. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2003;10:263-274.
8. Huq SF, Garety PA, Hemsley DR. Probabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded subjects. Q J Exp Psychol A. 1988;40:801-812.
9. John CH, Dodgson C. Inductive reasoning in delusional thought. J Ment Health. 1994;3:31-49.
10. Fear CF, Healy D. Probabilistic reasoning in obsessive-compulsive and delusional disorders. Psychol Med. 1997;27:199-208.
11. Mortimer AM, Bentham P, McKay AP, et al. Delusions in schizophrenia: a phenomenological and psychological exploration. Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 1996;1:289-303.
12. Peters ER, Day S, Garety P. From preconscious to conscious processing: where does the abnormality lie in delusions? Schizophr Res. 1997;24:120.
13. Young HF, Bentall RP. Probabilistic reasoning in deluded, depressed and normal subjects: effects of task difficulty and meaningful versus non-meaningful material. Psychol Med. 1997;27:455-465.
14. Conway CR, Bollini AM, Graham BG, Keefe RS, Schiffman SS, McEvoy JP. Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2002;43:175-178.
15. Moritz S, Woodward TS. Jumping to conclusions in delusional and non-delusional schizophrenic patients. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005;44:193-207.
16. Peters ER, Garety PA. A longitudinal study of cognitive abnormalities in delusions at different levels of information processing. Schizophr Res. 1999;36:180.
17. Peters ER. Cognitive biases involved in the formation of delusional beliefs. Schizophr Res. 2003;60(Suppl 1):178.
18. Peters E, Garety P. Cognitive functioning in delusions: A longitudinal analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2005;in press. Epub ahead of print, May 2005.
19. Broome M, Brett C, Johns LC, et al. Reasoning styles and delusions in early psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2003;60(Suppl 1):12-13.
20. Dent J, Teasdale JD. Negative cognition and the persistence of depression. J Abnorm Psychol. 1988;97:29-34.
21. Brown GW, Bifulco A, Andrews B. Self-esteem and depression: IV. effect on course and recovery. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1990;25:244-249.
22. Brown GW, Andrews B, Harris T, Adler Z, Bridge L. Social support, self-esteem and depression. Psychol Med. 1986;16:813-831.
23. van Os J, Jones P, Sham P, Bebbington P, Murray RM. Risk factors for onset and persistence of psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998;33:596-605.
24. Fanous A, Gardner C, Walsh D, Kendler KS. Relationship between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:669-673.
25. Baron M, Gruen R, Rainer JD, Kane J, Asnis L, Lord S. A family study of schizophrenic and normal control probands: implications for the spectrum concept of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1985;142:447-455.
26. Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM, O'Hare A, Spellman M, Walsh D. The Roscommon Family Study: I. methods, diagnosis of probands, and risk of schizophrenia in relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:527-540.
27. Johns LC, van Os J. The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21:1125-1141.
28. van Os J, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, Vollebergh W. Prevalence of psychotic disorder and community level of psychotic symptoms: an urban-rural comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:663-668.
29. van Os J, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, Ravelli A. Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population? Schizophr Res. 2000;45:11-20.
30. Tien AY. Distributions of hallucinations in the population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1991;26:287-292.
31. Gilvarry CM, Russell A, Jones P, Sham P, Hemsley D, Murray RM. Verbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia and affective psychoses and their first-degree relatives. Psychol Med. 2001;31:695-704.
32. Keefe RS, Silverman JM, Roitman SE, et al. Performance of nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients on cognitive tests. Psychiatry Res. 1994;53:1-12.
33. Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Pepple JR, Lyons MJ, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: a review of family studies. Schizophr Bull. 1994;20:103-119.
34. Faraone SV, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Pepple JR, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT. Diagnostic accuracy and linkage analysis: how useful are schizophrenia spectrum phenotypes? Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1286-1290.
35. Krabbendam L, Marcelis M, Delespaul P, Jolles J, van Os J. Single or multiple familial cognitive risk factors in schizophrenia? Am J Med Genet. 2001;105:183-188.
36. Green MF, Nuechterlein KH. Backward masking performance as an indicator of vulnerability to schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1999;395:34-40.
37. Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Toomey R, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Neuropsychologic functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: the effect of genetic loading. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:120-126.
38. Claridge G. Single indicator of risk for schizophrenia: probable fact or likely myth? Schizophr Bull. 1994;20:151-168.
39. Schurhoff F, Szoke A, Meary A, et al. Familial aggregation of delusional proneness in schizophrenia and bipolar pedigrees. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1313-1319.
40. Whalley HC, Simonotto E, Flett S, et al. fMRI correlates of state and trait effects in subjects at genetically enhanced risk of schizophrenia. Brain. 2004;127:478-490.
41. Shedlack K, Lee G, Sakuma M, et al. Language processing and memory in ill and well siblings from multiplex families affected with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1997;25:43-52.
42. Stefanis NC, Hanssen M, Smirnis NK, et al. Evidence that three dimensions of psychosis have a distribution in the general population. Psychol Med. 2002;32:347-358.
43. Hanssen M, Krabbendam L, Vollema M, Delespaul P, van Os J. Evidence for instrument and family-specific variation of subclinical psychosis dimensions in the general population. J Abnorm Psychol 2005;in press.
44. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E. Research diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35:773-782.
45. Hanssen M, Peeters F, Krabbendam L, Radstake S, Verdoux H, van Os J. How psychotic are individuals with non-psychotic disorders? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38:149-154.
46. McGuffin P, Farmer A, Harvey I. A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness: development and reliability of the OPCRIT system. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:764-770.
47. Smeets RD. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Versie 1.1. Amsterdam and Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
48. Verdoux H, van Os J. Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2002;54:59-65.
49. Hanssen MS, Bijl RV, Vollebergh W, van Os J. Self-reported psychotic experiences in the general population: a valid screening tool for DSM-III-R psychotic disorders? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;107:369-377.
50. Andreasen NC. Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1984.
51. Andreasen N. Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1983.
52. Andreasen NC. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: definition and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:784-788.
53. Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N. Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Program.. London: Cambridge University Press; 1974.
54. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. Specificity of the Calgary Depression Scale for schizophrenics. Schizophr Res. 1994;11:239-244.
55. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. Rating depression in schizophrenia: a comparison of a self-report and an observer report scale. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181:561-565.
56. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1993;39-44.
57. Luteijn F, van der Ploeg F. Handleiding Groninger Intelligentietest (GIT) [Manual Groningen Intelligence Test]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger; 1983.
58. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
59. Phillips LD, Edwards W. Conservatism in a simple probabilistic inference task. J Exp Psychol. 1966;72:346-354.
60. StataCorporation. STATA Statistical Software: Release 8.0. College Station, Tex: Stata; 1984-2003.
61. Krabbendam L, Myin-Germeys I, Hanssen M, et al. Hallucinatory experiences and onset of psychotic disorder: evidence that the risk is mediated by delusion formation. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;110:264-272.
62. Lenzenweger MF, Dworkin RH. The dimensions of schizophrenia phenomenology: not one or two, at least three, perhaps four. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;168:432-440.
63. Stuart GW, Pantelis C, Klimidis S, Minas IH. The three-syndrome model of schizophrenia: meta-analysis of an artefact. Schizophr Res. 1999;39:233-242.
64. Claridge G, Beech T. Fully and quasi-dimensional constructions of schizotypy. In: Raine AE, Lencz TE, Mednick SA, eds. Schizotypal Personality. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1995:192-216.
65. Claridge G, McCreery C, Mason O, et al. The factor structure of "schizotypal" traits: a large replication study. Br J Clin Psychol. 1996;35:103-115.
66. Young HF, Bentall RP. Hypothesis testing in patients with persecutory delusions: comparison with depressed and normal subjects. Br J Clin Psychol. 1995;34:353-369.
67. Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM, O'Hare A, Spellman M, Walsh D. The Roscommon Family Study: III. schizophrenia-related personality disorders in relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:781-788.
68. Janssen I, Krabbendam L, Jolles J, van Os J. Alterations in theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic relatives. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108:110-117.
69. Green MJ, Phillips ML. Social threat perception and the evolution of paranoia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004;28:333-342.
70. Green MJ, Williams LM, Davidson DJ. Visual scanpaths and facial affect recognition in delusion-prone individuals: increased sensitivity to threat? Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2003;8:19-41.
71. Green MJ, Williams LM, Davidson DJ. Processing of threat-related affect is delayed in delusion-prone individuals. Br J Clin Psychol. 2001;40:157-165.
72. van Os J, Verdoux H, Maurice-Tison S, et al. Self-reported psychosis-like symptoms and the continuum of psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:459-463.
73. Wykes T, Hamid S, Wagstaff K. Theory of mind and executive functions in the non-psychotic siblings of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2001;49(Suppl):148-149.
74. Corcoran R, Mercer G, Frith CD. Schizophrenia, symptomatology and social inference: investigating "theory of mind" in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1995;17:5-13.
75. Frith CD, Corcoran R. Exploring "theory of mind" in people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1996;26:521-530.
76. Bentall RP, Corcoran R, Howard R, Blackwood N, Kinderman P. Persecutory delusions: a review and theoretical integration. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21:1143-1192.
77. Bentall RP, Kinderman P, Kaney S. The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: towards a model of persecutory delusions. Behav Res Ther. 1994;32:331-341.
78. van Os J, Marcelis M. The ecogenetics of schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr Res. 1998;32:127-135.
79. Myin-Germeys I, Krabbendam L, Delespaul PA, van Os J. Do life events have their effect on psychosis by influencing the emotional reactivity to daily life stress? Psychol Med. 2003;33:327-333.
80. Myin-Germeys I, Krabbendam L, Delespaul P, van Os J. Can cognitive deficits explain differential sensitivity to life events in psychosis? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38:262-268.
81. Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Schwartz JE, Stone AA, Delespaul PA. Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:1137-1144.
82. Bentall RP. Commentary on Garety and Freeman: III: three psychological investigators and an elephant. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999;38:323-327.
83. Freeman D, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Bebbington PE. A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. Br J Clin Psychol. 2002;41:331-347.
84. Garety PA, Hemsley DR, Wessely S. Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients: biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991;179:194-201.
85. McGuire L, Junginger J, Adams SG Jr, Burright R, Donovick P. Delusions and delusional reasoning. J Abnorm Psychol. 2001;110:259-266.
86. Kruglanski AW. Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge: Cognitive and Motivational Bases. New York: Plenum; 1989.
87. Kruglanski AW, Webster DM. Motivated closing of the mind: "seizing" and "freezing." Psychol Rev. 1996;103:263-283.
88. Bentall RP, Swarbrick R. The best laid schemas of paranoid patients: autonomy, sociotropy and need for closure. Psychol Psychother. 2003;76:163-171.
89. Krabbendam L, Myin-Germeys I, Hanssen M, van Os J. Familial covariation of the subclinical psychosis phenotype and verbal fluency in the general population. Schizophr Res. 2005;74:37-41.
90. De Bie SE. Standaardvragen 1987: Voorstellen voor uniformering van vraagstellingen naar achtergrondkenmerken en interviews [Standard questions 1987: proposal for uniformization of questions regarding background variables and interviews]. 2d ed. Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Press. 1987.