Ethanol's energy return on investment: A survey of the literature 1990 - Present

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1744-1750

  Hammerschlag, Roel ^a  

^a Inst for Lifecycle Environ Assess   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY UTILIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; ETHANOL; GASOLINE; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES; STARCH;

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; CORN; DATA SETS; NORMALIZED DATA;

ENERGY POLICY;

ALCOHOL; CELLULOSE; FUEL; GASOLINE; STARCH;

ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY POLICY; ENERGY UTILIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; ETHANOL; GASOLINE; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES; STARCH;

ENERGY CROP; ENERGY POLICY; ETHANOL;

ARTICLE; CORN; ELECTRICITY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY YIELD; HEATING; INVESTMENT;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; CELLULOSE; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ENERGY-GENERATING RESOURCES; ETHANOL; FERMENTATION; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; ZEA MAYS;

ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33645212055     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es052024h     Document Type: Article

References (16)

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2. 2 emissions from the production and combustion of fuel ethanol from corn. Energy 1991, 16 (11/12), 1307-1316.
3. Lorenz, D.; Morris, D. How Much Energy Does It Take to Make a Gallon of Ethanol?; Institute for Local Self-Reliance: Washington, DC, 1995.
4. Graboski, M. S. Fossil Energy Use in the Manufacture of Corn Ethanol; National Corn Growers Association: Chesterfield, MO, 2002.
5. Shapouri, H.; Duffield, J. A.; Wang, M. The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update; Agricultural Economic Report 814; United States Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, 2002.
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9. Wet Vs. Dry Milling. Sioux Falls Argus Leader, March 20, 2005.
10. Tyson, K. S.; Riley, C. J.; Humphreys, K. K. Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass-Ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline; NREL/TP-463-4950; National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 1993.
11. Lynd, L. R.; Wang, M. Q. A product-nonspecific framework for evaluating the potential of biomass-based products to displace fossil fuels. J. Ind. Ecol. 2004, 7 (3-4), 17-32.
12. Sheehan, J.; Aden, A.; Paustian, K.; Killian, K.; Brenner, J.; Walsh, M.; Nelson, R. Energy and environmental aspects of using corn stover for fuel ethanol. J. Ind. Ecol. 2004, 7 (3-4), 117-146.
13. Greene, N. Growing Energy: How Biofuels Can Help End America's Oil Dependence; Natural Resources Defense Council: New York, 2004.
14. Lynd, L. R.; Cushman, J. H.; Nichols, R. J.; Wyman, C. E. Fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass. Science 1991, 251, 1318-1323.
15. Aden, A.; Ruth, M.; Ibsen, K.; Jechura, J.; Neeves, K. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design And Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover, NREL/TP-510-32438; National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2002.
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